• International Journal of Safety
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2004

Some of the petroleum products contain benzene which is well known as a confirmed human carcinogen. For example, gasoline products contain benzene ranging up to several percents by weight. High exposures to the benzene and other organic solvents would be likely to occur during intermittent tasks and or processes rather than continuous jobs such as sampling, repair, inspection, and loading/unloading jobs. The work time for these jobs is various. However, most of work time is very short and the representative time interval is 15 minutes. Thus, it is preferable to do exposure assessment for 15 minute time weighted average which is known as a short time exposure level(STEL) by ACGIH rather than for 8-hours TWA. It is particularly significant to the exposure monitoring for benzene since it has been known that the exposure rate plays an important role to provoke the leukemia. Due to the large variations, a number of processes/tasks, the traditional sampling technique for organic solvents with the use of the charcoal and sampling pumps is not appropriate. Limited number of samples can be obtained due to the shortage of sampling pumps. Passive samplers can eliminate these limitations. However, low sampling rates resulted in collection of small amount of the target analysts in the passive samplers. This is originated the nature of passive samplers. Field applications were made with use of passive samplers to compare with the charcoal tube methods for 15 minutes. Gasoline loading processes to the tank lorry trucks at the loading stations in the petroleum products storage area. Good agreements between the results of passive samplers and those of the charcoal tubes were achieved. However, it was found that special cautions were necessary during the analysis at very low concentration levels.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.3-10
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• 2003

Soil and groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbon products is only one of many environmental problems in Korea. However, many environmental consulting companies have been targeted their business on this subject because the petroleum-oil-lubricant (POL) products have been widely used product and accidental releases of the products from storages resulted numerous small and large contaminated sites throughout Korea. Therefore, many small and large companies are actively participating in environmental assessment and remediation projects for the POL contaminated sites. Remedial technologies for the POL contaminated sites have been developed for many years by government and private institutions throughout the world. Development of a new decontamination technology for the POL contaminated sites is no longer attractive issue in research community because scientific bases of most cost-effective remedial technologies are well understood and have been used in the field by commercial sector. Numerous sites contaminated by underground tanks at gas stations have been remediated by relatively small companies in this country. We should appreciate their noticeable contributions as a frontier under very difficult market environment in Korea. We heard many successful stories as well as a few failure stories. Soil-groundwater remediation of POL contaminated site is not a simple task as shown in the text books or protocols. Therefore, failure risk is always with us, which requires continuous efforts for improvement of the technologies by the users and developers. In this presentation, author will discuss technical problems encountered and improvement made during implementation of several remedial technologies applied by Samsung Environmental Team. This is not a presentation about research or case study. We want to share our thought and experience with environmental engineers actively engaged in soil and groundwater remediation projects in Korea.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-20
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• 1996

Today's firms exist and run business in an uncertain and rapidly changing environment in terms of industry, market, technology, economic conditions, and culture. To be competitive, at least to survive, firms must cope with and manage uncertainty effectively. In other words, firms should be equipped with powerful weapons to capture competitive advantage over their competitors. There are several ways for a firm to capture competitive edge over its competitors such as cost leadership, quality of the products and services, manpower, higher productivity, and technology. Among these, technology, especially information technology, could be the most effective weapon for competitive advantages since it is possible to monitor competitors' movement as well as to provide appropriate information with both planning and control phases through an information system. In this paper, a competitive weapon in action, a Process Control System which is developed by and installed at a U.S petroleum company would the described.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

New technologies and techniques to extract natural gas and gas liquids, as well as petroleum, from shale rock have greatly altered expectations for North America's capacity to produce energy products. As a result of innovations such as hydraulic fracturing, some government, industry, and academic observers have predicted that the United States will soon become energy self-sufficient and possibly become a net exporter of natural gas and petroleum. This paper will cover literature review and measure the potential impacts on economic growth and development. Fracking, renewable energy are just a few of the things that have reshaped the energy picture over the past 20 years, how much it will change in the next 20 years and the impacts on the economy will be discussed.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.69-92
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• 2012

석유제품의 소비자는 국제 원유가격의 변동을 기준으로 국내 석유제품가격을 예측하기 때문에 국제 원유가격이 하락하였음에도 국내 석유제품가격이 인하되지 않는 경우 의문을 제기한다. 반면 국내 석유제품가격의 비대칭성에 대한 기존 연구들은 다양한 기간과 자료를 통해 국내 석유제품가격의 비대칭성을 분석하였으나 소비자가 느끼는 비대칭성의 의문을 해결하지는 못하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다음과 같이 세 단계의 비대칭 분석을 실시하였다. 첫째로, 소비자가 느끼는 비대칭성을 확인하기 위해 국제 원유가격 변동에 따른 소비자가격의 비대칭성을 분석하였으며, 분석 결과 소비자가 느끼는 비대칭성을 확인하였다. 둘째로, 국제 원유가격과 실제 국내 석유제품가격의 결정 기준을 비교하기 위해 국제 원유가격과 환율을 고려한 국제 석유제품가격의 비대칭성을 분석하였으며, 분석 결과 국제 원유가격이 상승할 때 국제 석유제품가격은 더 큰 폭으로 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 소비자가 느끼는 비대칭성의 상당부분은 가격결정 기준이 다름에서 기인한 것이다. 셋째로, 가격을 결정하는 주체별 비대칭성을 비교하기 위해 국제 석유제품가격 변동에 따른 정유사가격, 대리점 및 주유소의 가격 및 세금 등의 단계별 가격의 비대칭 분석을 실시하였으며, 분석 결과 모든 유종에 있어서 정유사가격은 환율을 고려한 국제 석유제품가격에 다소 늦게 인하하나 양적으로는 대칭적으로 조정되며 대리점 및 주유소 단계는 오히려 국제 석유제품가격의 상승을 덜 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 휘발유와 경유의 세금 변동은 시간적 비대칭과 양적 비대칭의 효과와 동일하게 추정되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1260-1268
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• 2018

항공터빈유는 등유 기반의 석유제품에 산화 방지제(Antioxidant), 빙결 방지제(Fuel system icing inhibitor, FSII), 전기전도도 향상제(Electrical conductivity improver) 등의 첨가제를 첨가하여 항공기 연료로서 필요한 성능 향상 및 보관이나 이송 등에 관한 특정한 능력을 부여시키고 있다. 이들 첨가제는 항공터빈유의 품질에 이상이 발생하거나 다른 석유제품과 구별하기 위하여 그 첨가량을 정성 및 정량적으로 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 항공터빈유는 수많은 탄화수소 화합물로 구성된 복잡한 화합물이기 때문에 미량으로 첨가된 산화 방지제와 빙결 방지제를 분석하기 위하여 Multi-dimensional GC-MS (MDGC-MS)의 Deans switching 기술을 적용하였다. 2.5 - 20 mg/L 농도 범위의 산화 방지제와 빙결 방지제를 MDGC-MS로 정량 및 정성적으로 분석할 수 있었으며, 검출 한계는 1-dimensional GC-MS의 분석 결과와 비교하여 약 2배 정도 낮았다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시험 방법은 기존의 GC-MS보다 첨가제 피크의 분리능이 더 우수하였으며, 시료의 전처리가 필요없이 두 가지 첨가제를 동시에 분석할 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of petroleum fuels. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of several paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO) has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, high acidity, high viscosity, and low cetane number of the WPO. One possible method by which the shortcomings may be circumvented is to co-fire WPO with other petroleum fuels. WPO has poor miscibility with light petroleum fuel oils; the most suitable candidates fuels for direct fuel mixing are methanol or ethanol. Early mixing with methanol or ethanol has the added benefit of significantly improving the storage and handling properties of the WPO. For separate injection co-firing, a WPO-ethanol blended fuel can be fired through diesel pilot injection in a dual-injection dieel engine. In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel (pilot injection) and WPO-ethanol blend (main injection) were experimentally investigated. Results showed that although stable engine operation was possible with separate injection co-firing, the fuel conversion efficiency was slightly decreased due to high water contents of WPO compare to diesel combustion.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 연도별로 정유 부문의 경제적 파급효과를 비교분석하고자 한다. 한국은행에서 발표한 1990년부터 2012년도까지의 산업연관표를 이용하였다. 산업연관분석 분석모형 중 수요유도형 모형을 적용하되, 정유 부문을 외생화하여 분석함으로써 자기부문에 대한 효과와 타 부문에 대한 효과를 구분하였다. 정유 부문의 생산유발효과, 부가가치 유발효과, 취업유발효과를 정량화하고 연도별 추이를 살펴본 결과, 생산유발효과의 경우 1993년도부터 2008년까지 감소추세를 보이다가, 2009년도부터 2012년까지 일정한 수준(1.1912, 2012년 기준)을 유지하는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 부가가치 유발효과의 경우 1990년에서 1998년까지는 상승추세를 보이다가, 1998년 이후로 는 꾸준히 하락하는 것으로 나타났다(0.1174, 2012년 기준). 취업유발효과는 1990년부터 2008년까지 꾸준히 감소추세를 보이다가, 2010년부터 1.300(명/10억원) 이하의 수준에서 유지하고 있다. 이러한 분석결과는 과거와 비교하여 현시점의 국내 석유 산업을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 이러한 정량적 정보는 향후 석유산업에 대한 각종 경제적 파급효과를 예측하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.314-318
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• 1990

2-Bromo (2'-benzofury)gloxal-2-aryhydrazones I reacted with nucleophiles displacing the bromide. Treatment of I with active methylene compounds yield the pyrazole derivatives VIII-XI. Compounds XII-XIV reacted with hydrazine to give pyrazolo (3, 4-dipyridazine derivative XIV-XIV. The structures of the products were assigned and confirmed on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.283-284
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• 1985

It was previously reported that the petroleum ether fraction of the Korean ginseng root shows cytotoxic activities against L1210, L5178Y, Hela cell and Sarcoma 180 cell (1). In this study the cytotoxic substance against L1210 cell was isolated over a silica gel column and a preparative HPLC, followed by the cytotoxic assay (2).