• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2015

This objectives of research are to figure out combustion characteristics with increasing temperature with petrochemical sludge by adding wasted organic matters which are waste electric wire, anthracite coal and sawdust, and to exam heating value and ignition temperature for using refused derived fuels(RDFs). After analyzing TGA/DTG, petrochemical sludge shows a rapid weight reduction by vaporing of inner moisture after $170^{\circ}C$. Gross weight reduction rate, ignition temperature and combustion rates represent 68.6%, $221.9^{\circ}C$ and 54.1%, respectively. In order to assess the validity of the RDFs, the petrochemical sludge by adding wasted organic matters which are waste electric wire, anthracite coal and waste sawdust. The materials are mixed with 7:3(petrochemical sludge : organic matters)(wt%), and it analyzes after below 10% of moisture content. The ignition temperatures and combustion rates of the waste electric wire, anthracite coal and waste sawdust are $410.6^{\circ}C$, $596.1^{\circ}C$ and $284.1^{\circ}C$, and 85.6%, 30.7% and 88.8% respectively. In heating values, petrochemical sludge is 3,600 kcal/kg. And the heating values of mixed sludge (adding 30% of the waste electric wire, anthracite coal and waste sawdust) each increase up to 4,600 kcal/kg, 4,100 kcal/kg and 4,300 kcal/kg. It improves the ignition temperatures and combustion rates by mixing petrochemical sludge and organic matters. It is considered that the production of RDFs is sufficiently possible by using of petrochemical sludge by mixing wasted organic matters.

• 청정기술
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.154-164
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• 2009

2007년을 기준으로 울산에 위치한 사업장으로부터 발생된 유기성 폐수슬러지의 94%가 해양처분되었다. 유기성 슬러지의 해양처분은 2012년에는 완전 금지될 예정이다. 그러나 아직까지 울산에 위치한 사업장으로 부터의 유기성 슬러지는 소각 이외에 다른 대안이 없는 실정이며, 현재 울산석유화학산업단지의 사업장들은 슬러지의 육상처리 및 처분기술의 확보가 매우 중요한 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 울산의 석유화학사업장 슬러지와 하수처리 슬러지를 연료로 활용하기 위해 건조슬러지와 탄화슬러지의 재료적 측면에 대한 평가를 실시하였다. 연구결과 저위발열량 3,000 kcal/kg이상을 초과하는 테레프탈산, BTX, 프로필렌, 화학섬유 등을 생산하는 사업장으로부터의 건조슬러지와 탄화슬러지는 연료로서의 가능성이 높지만 건조할 경우 2,100 kcal/kg 이하, 탄화할 경우 1,100 kcal/kg 이하인 좀 더 무기성분이 많은 펄프, 제지, 메틸아민, 아마이드 등을 생산하는 사업장의 폐수슬러지는 연료로서의 가치가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과 대부분의 슬러지들이 에너지 측면에 있어서 탄화보다는 건조가 더 좋은 결과를 보여주었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

The effluent limitations for individual industry based on the best available technology economically achievable (BAT) have been required to achieve effective regulation. BAT assessment criteria that are suitable for the circumstances of Korean industry were developed in the previous study. The criteria were applied to determine the BAT for petrochemical basic compound manufacturing (PBCM) and plastics and synthetic resins manufacturing (PSRM) industry. Wastewater discharged from the each category contains high concentration of COD and toluene. Eighteen sites were surveyed and wastewater qualities were analyzed. Six and two different technologies were applied to the PBCM and PSRM industry for the end-of-pipe treatment process, respectively. The technology candidates were evaluated in terms of environmental impacts, economically achievability, treatment performance and economical reasonability. As the result, the technology options: typical activated-sludge process + sand filtration + activated carbon adsorption (PBCM) and wet oxidation + chemical precipitation + typical activated-sludge process + chemical precipitation (PSRM) were selected as the BAT for each industry.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.669-678
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• 2009

The reduction of excess activated sludge from petrochemical plant was investigated by the electro fenton (E-Fenton) process using electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals which lead to mineralization of activated sludge to $CO_2$, water and inorganic ions. Factors affecting the disintegration efficiency of excess activated sludge in E-Fenton process were examined in terms of five criteria: pH, $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio, current density, initial MLSS (mixed liquid suspended solids) concentration, $H_2O_2$ feeding mode. TSS total suspended solid and $TCOD_{cr}$ reduction rate increased with the increasing $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio and current density until 42 and $6.7 mA/cm^2$, respectively but further increase of $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio and current density would reduce the reduction rate. On the other hand, as expected, increasing pH and initial MLSS concentration of activated sludge decreas TSS and $TCOD_{cr}$ reduction rate. The E-Fenton process was gradually increased during first 30 minutes and then linearly proceed till 120 minutes. The optimal E-Fenton condition showed TSS reduction rate of 62~63% and $TCOD_{cr}$ (total chemical oxygen demand) reduction rate of 55~56%. Molar ratio $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+} = 42$ was determined as optimal E-Fenton condition with initial $Fe^{2+}$ dose of 5.4 mM and current density of $6.7{\sim}13.3 mA/cm^2$, initial MLSS of 7,600 mg/L and pH 2 were chosen as the most efficient E-Fenton condition.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1745-1753
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• 2008

본 연구는 산업단지의 화학제품제조업 및 석유화학제품제조업에서 발생하는 유기성슬러지에 대하여 삼성분, 원소조성, 발열량, 열중량 분석 및 연소시험을 실시하였다. 삼성분 분석 결과 "화합물 및 화학제품 제조업"의 평균값은 수분함량 75.11, 가연분 17.42, 불연분 7.45%로 나타났으며, "코크스, 석유 정제품 및 핵연료 제조업"의 경우 평균값은 수분함량 77.54, 가연분 18.25, 불연분 4.22%로 나타났다. 원소분석 결과 평균값은 "화합물 및 화학제품 제조업"의 경우 C 33.06, H 4.34, O 24.81, N 5.18, S 0.72wt%로 나타났으며, "코크스, 석유 정제품 및 핵연료 제조업"의 경우 C 36.58, H 4.74, O 26.79, N 5.09, S 0.49wt%로 나타났다. 열중량분석 결과, B사에서 배출되는 슬러지는 $700^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 그리고 F와 N사에서 배출되는 슬러지는 $600^{\circ}C$ 정도의 온도에서도 연소가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 연소테스트 결과, 산화반응과 동시에 열분해 반응으로 고농도의 일산화탄소가 배출되므로 이로 인한 로의 국부과열이나 파손현상에 대한 기초자료를 얻는데 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

석유화학공장폐수 슬러지를 폐석고와 시멘트, fly ash 및 고화제 등을 배합하여 성형하면 시멘트벽돌 및 보통시멘트의 압축강도 기준을 초과함으로 제조된 고화체는 벽돌, 블록, 경량골재, 노반재 등으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 실험 결과 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 시멘트량을 전체 중량비의 20%인 1.29kg에서 fly ash/슬러지의 배합비의 모든 조건과 시멘트량을 전체 중량비의 15%인 0.9kg에서 fly ash/슬러지의 배합비가 0.31~0.45일 때, 시멘트벽돌 및 보통시멘트의 압축강도 기준을 초과하였다. 제조된 고화체(제품)의 유해성 평가를 위해서 침출수 중의 $Cr^{+6}$, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb의 용출농도를 실시한 결과 모든 대상시료의 중금속 농도는 배출허용기준치 이내를 유지하여 유해물질로 인한 문제는 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 고화체를 시멘트벽돌 및 보통시멘트에 준해서 활용이 가능한 제조조건에서 제조원가를 조사하였다. 조사결과 자원화시설의 고화체 제조능력을 연간 약 18,000톤을 기준으로 할 때, 총괄원가 및 톤당제조원가는 각각 678,664천원 및 37,704원으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1119-1127
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• 2010

The behavior of copper throughout the whole process of wastewater treatment plant that uses the activated sludge process to treat the wastewater of petrochemical industry that contains low concentration of copper was investigated. Total inflow rate of wastewater that flows into the aeration tank was $697\;m^3$/day with 0.369 mg/L of copper concentration, that is, total copper influx was 257.2 g/day. The ranges of copper concentrations of the influent to the aeration tank and effluent from the one were 0.315 ~ 0.398 mg/L and 0.159 ~ 0.192 mg/L, respectively. The average removal rate of copper in the aeration tank was 50.8 %. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of copper by microbes in the aeration tank was 3,320. The accumulated removal rate of copper throughout the activated sludge process was 71.3%, showing a high removal ratio by physical and chemical reactions in addition to biosorption by microbes. The concentration of copper in the solid dehydrated by filter press ranged from 74.8 mg/kg to 77.2 mg/kg and the concentration of copper by elution test of waste was 2.690 ~ 2.920 mg/L. It was judged that the copper concentration in dehydrated solid by bioconcentration could be managed with the control of that in the influent.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

Wastewaters being treated and final effluents were collected from 3 wastewater treatment plants of petrochemical industries, from August 31 to October 4, 1993 in an interval of 10 days, and further analysed by GC/FID to investigate discharge situation and removal efficiency on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The results were as follows: 1. The PAHs 294.57 $\mu$g/l were discharged in primary treatment effluent of plant A to manufacture vinyl acetate resin and acryl, and removed 54.51% by aeration and totally 84.71%. 2. The PAHs of the highest concentration were discharged in primary treatment effluent of plant B to manufacture PS resin and ABS resin, but removed 91.65% by activated sludge process and 98.19% by activated carbon to discharge PAHs of the lowest concentration comparing to another treatment operations. 3. The PAHs 99.96 $\mu$g/l of the lowest concentration were discharged in wastewater of plant C to manufacture epoxy resin, and removed 80.48% by activated sludge process. 4. B treatment system including activated carbon showed up the best removal efficiency of PAHs. Activated carbon therefore, seems to be effective as tertiary treatment. 5. Correlation coefficient of components to total PAHs was generally low, and correlation coefficients of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene to total PAHs were each 0.98, 0.97 and 0.80, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the sum of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene to total PAHs was 0.99, so that the sum of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene was available as index to estimated total PAHs. 6. Phenanthrene and Chrysene were very well treated biologically and acenaphthylene and fluoranthene were untreated biologically. 7. Considering EPA standards, it seems that the concentration of phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene is high level.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.351-367
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• 2000

Air-lift biofilm reactor should be an admirable process substituting conventional activated sludge process, because of its small area requirement as well as high volumetric loading capacity and stability against loading and chemical shocks. However most of the past research on the performance of ABR was focused on the sewage treatment. This research studied the applicability of ABR to treat high strength wastewater. A bench-scale ABR was operated to treat high strength synthetic wastewater, tannery wastewater and petrochemical wastewater, and its applicability was conclusive In case of synthetic wastewater, ABR showed good performance in which the substarate removal efficiency was higher that 80% even under short HRT(1.4 hr) and high volumetric loading rate(9.3 kgCODcr/$m^3$.day). When ABR was applied to treat tannery wastewater, it was suggested that the maximum volumetric loading rate and F/M ratio should be 7.7kgCODcr/$m^3$.day, 0.76 $day^{-1}$, respectively. And high substrate removal efficiency over than 90 % was observed with 4,000 mgCODcr/L of petrochemical wastewater. Even though effluent concentration was quite high, ABR should be applicable to treat the high strength wastewater, because of its high loading capacity.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2016

본 연구는 전과정평가 기법으로 석유화학업체에서 발생하는 폐수처리슬러지의 매립처리에 대한 잠재적인 환경영향을 평가하고 매립가스 활용에 의한 환경영향의 저감을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 기능단위는 '폐수처리슬러지 1 ton의 매립'이며, 시스템경계는 폐수처리슬러지가 매립장으로 투입 처리되는 과정을 포함하며 외부에너지 생산 및 이용까지 확장하였다. 환경영향은 매립공정 및 침출수처리공정에서 높게 나타났으며, 지구온난화 및 광화학적산화물생성은 매립공정에서, 자원고갈, 산성화, 부영양화, 오존층파괴는 침출수처리공정에서 높게 나타났다. 영향범주별 주요원인물질은 Crude oil(자원고갈), $NO_X$(산성화, 부영양화), $CH_4$(지구온난화, 광화학적산화물생성), $Cl_2$(오존층파괴) 이었다. 자원고갈, 산성화, 부영양화는 침출수처리과정 중 사용되는 전기의 생산에 의한 부하가 주원인으로 나타났으며, 지구온난화, 광화학적산화물생성은 포집되지 않는 매립가스에 포함된 메탄이 주원인이었다. 이에 매립가스에 의한 전기 생산, 공정개선 등으로 전기사용량을 저감하거나 메탄가스 회수율 향상, Flaring system, 매립가스의 연료대체 등으로 메탄배출량을 저감하는 것이 환경영향을 저감하는 방안이 될 수 있다. 한편, 영향범주별 환경영향은 지구온난화-자원고갈-광화학적산화물생성 순으로 나타나 지구온난화가 약 90% 이상의 절대적 환경영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 환경영향을 줄이는데 메탄의 배출량을 저감하는 것이 전기사용량을 저감하는 것보다 우선순위가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 매립가스의 연료대체에 의한 회피효과를 검토한 결과, B-C유 또는 LNG를 대체할 경우 각각 32.7%, 12.0%의 환경영향을 저감할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.