• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2000년도 제32회 추계학술대회 정기총회
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• pp.107-114
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• 2000

As one of the strategies to sustain the maximum output with the total minimum cost, huge plants worldwide, such as steel mills, refineries, petrochemical plants, and etc., may and will plan and implement the minimization of operating and maintenance costs for their own. This paper is to review the foreign cases of energy savings through lubrication improvements as one of the actions for that purpose and summarize their directions, and also to look at one such local test case.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.147-147
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• 2003

Human exposure to benzene is derived occupationally from the petrochemical and petroleum refining industries. This study was carried out to find whether the frequencies of chromosome aberrations in workers exposed to low level benzene in a petroleum factory were elevated compared to non-exposed workers.(omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1189-1193
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• 1998

The determination of total paraffin, naphthene, and aromatic (PNA) contents in naphtha samples, which were directly obtained from actual refining process, has been studied using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Each of the total PNA concentrations in naphtha has been successfully analyzed using NIR spectroscopy. Partial least squares (PLS) regression method has been utilized to quantify the total PNA contents in naphtha from the NIR spectral bands. The NIR calibration results showed an excellent correlation with those of conventional gas chromatography (GC). Due to its rapidity and accuracy, NIR spectroscopy is appeared as a new analytical technique which can be substituted for the conventional GC method for the quantitative analysis of petrochemical products including naphtha.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2008

The controlled/living cationic polymerization of $\alpha$-methylstyrene (${\alpha}MeSt$) and sequential block copolymerization of isobutylene (IB) with ${\alpha}MeSt$ were achieved using 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$)/titanium isopropoxide ($Ti(OiPr)_4$)/2,6-ditert-butylpyridine (DtBP) initiating system in $CH_3Cl$/hexane(50/50 v/v) solvent mixture at $-80^{\circ}C$. The polymerization rate decreased with increasing $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]$ ratio in the homopolymerization of ${\alpha}MeSt$. The effects of $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]$ ratios and $PIB^+$ molecular weight on the polymerization rate and blocking efficiency were also investigated. Well-defined poly(isobutylene-b-$\alpha$-methylstyrene)s were demonstrated by $^1H$-NMR and triple detection SEC; refractive index (RI), multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) and ultraviolet (UV) detectors. Blocking efficiencies for the poly(isobutylene-b-$\alpha$-methylstyrene)s of almost 100% were obtained when ${\alpha}MeSt$ was induced by PIB's of $M_n\;{\geq}\;41000$ at $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]=1$. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the block copolymers showed two glass transition temperatures, thereby demonstrating microphase separation.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2010

이소프로필 멀케푸탄은 중요한 약품 중간체이며 싸이오우레아와 트리글리콜은 이소프로필 멀케푸탄을 합성을 하는데 중요한 화합물이다. 그러므로 트리글리콜 용액에서의 싸이오우레아의 용해는 이소프로필 멀케푸탄의 생산에 중요하다. 트리글리콜용액에서 싸이오우레아의 용해 반응속도론을 조사하고 이소프로필 멀케푸탄을 생산하는 대체 공정을 제시하는것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 트리글리콜용액에서 싸이오우레아의 용해 반응속도론을 조사하기 위하여 용액 농도와 반응 온도를 중점적으로 관찰하였다. 싸이오우레아의 용해속도는 용액농도와 온도가 증가할수록 증가하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.837-843
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• 1997

산화형 폴리에틸렌 왁스 제조에 있어서 주요 반응인자인 사용 왁스의 물성, 산화시간, 산화온도, 공기의 주입량 등에 따른 산가의 변화와 산화에 따른 폴리머의 물성을 분석하였다. 실험결과 주어진 반응조건 하에서 산화온도에 대한 산가의 변화는 $160^{\circ}C$까지는 증가하였지만 $170^{\circ}C$에서는 오히려 산가가 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 공기 주입량에 비례하여 산가는 증가하였다. 또한 사용한 왁스의 분자량이 낮을수록 산가가 높았다. 분자량과 밀도차가 공존하는 시료의 산화반응에서는 가지의 길이, 수 등에 의한 밀도보다는 분자량에 의한 영향이 큰 것으로 생각되었다. 산화가 진행됨에 따라 분자량은 감소하고 분자량 분포는 넓어짐을 알 수 있었다. 온화한 조건 하에서 고산가를 얻기 위하여 자유라디칼 개시제를 촉매로 사용하였는데 같은 조건 하에서 무촉매인 경우에 비하여 고산가의 산화형 왁스를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 DCPO(dicumylperoxide), HOPO(t-butyl peroxy 2-ethyl heaxanoate), BPO(butylperoxide) 순의로 반감기가 긴 촉매가 효율적이었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

Wastewaters being treated and final effluents were collected from 3 wastewater treatment plants of petrochemical industries, from August 31 to October 4, 1993 in an interval of 10 days, and further analysed by GC/FID to investigate discharge situation and removal efficiency on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The results were as follows: 1. The PAHs 294.57 $\mu$g/l were discharged in primary treatment effluent of plant A to manufacture vinyl acetate resin and acryl, and removed 54.51% by aeration and totally 84.71%. 2. The PAHs of the highest concentration were discharged in primary treatment effluent of plant B to manufacture PS resin and ABS resin, but removed 91.65% by activated sludge process and 98.19% by activated carbon to discharge PAHs of the lowest concentration comparing to another treatment operations. 3. The PAHs 99.96 $\mu$g/l of the lowest concentration were discharged in wastewater of plant C to manufacture epoxy resin, and removed 80.48% by activated sludge process. 4. B treatment system including activated carbon showed up the best removal efficiency of PAHs. Activated carbon therefore, seems to be effective as tertiary treatment. 5. Correlation coefficient of components to total PAHs was generally low, and correlation coefficients of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene to total PAHs were each 0.98, 0.97 and 0.80, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the sum of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene to total PAHs was 0.99, so that the sum of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene was available as index to estimated total PAHs. 6. Phenanthrene and Chrysene were very well treated biologically and acenaphthylene and fluoranthene were untreated biologically. 7. Considering EPA standards, it seems that the concentration of phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene is high level.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2006

To investigate the exposure effect of benzene, we measured airborne benzene as external doses, uninary tt-muconic acid as an internal dose of benzene exposure and analyzed the relationship between tt-muconic acid concentration and benzene exposure. The study population of eight businesses included 157 workers(87 workers in field; exposure group, 70 workers in board; control group) who produce or use benzene in petrochemical industry. The concentrations of airborne benzene were evaluated by personal samples and urine was sampled at the pre and end shift. Urinary t,t-muconic acid as internal dose was to analyze the relationship with airborne benzene. The geometric means(GM) of airborne benzene was 0.0231 ppm(range ND-1.0471 ppm) in exposure group and 0.0147 ppm(range ND-0.3162 ppm) in control group. The geometric means(GM) of urinary t,t-muconic acid at end-shift was $196.8{\pm}2.23{\mu}g/g$ creatinine in exposure group and $149.2{\pm}2.08{\mu}g/g$ creatinine in control group. There was significant correlation between the airborne concentration of benzene and the urinary concentration of t,t-muconic acid( r=0.711, p<0.01). From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis about t,t-muconic acid at end-shift, significant independents was airborne benzene. In this study, there were significant correlation between the urinary concentration of t,t-muconic acid and the airborne concentration of benzene. More extensive studies ruling out healthy worker effect is needed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the level of physical exposure to heavy metals among residents who live around a Chungcheongnam-do Province industrial complex and to provide baseline data on the effects and harms of heavy metals on the human body by comparing their exposure levels to those of people from control regions. Methods: We measured blood lead and cadmium levels and urine mercury and chromium levels and conducted a survey among 559 residents from the affected area and 347 residents of other areas. Results: Blood lead and cadmium levels and urine mercury levels were significantly higher in the case region than among those in the control region (p=0.013, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In the thermoelectric power plant area, blood cadmium and urine mercury levels were significantly higher than in the control region (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In the steel mill and petrochemical industry areas, blood cadmium level was significantly higher than that in the control region (p<0.001). Dividing groups by the reference level of blood cadmium ($2{\mu}g/L$), the odds ratios between the case and control regions were 2.56 (95% CI=1.83-3.58), 3.11 (95% CI=2.06-4.71) for the thermoelectric power plant area, 1.78 (95% CI=1.19-2.65) for the steel mill area and 4.07 (95% CI=2.40-6.89) for petrochemical industry area. Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of exposure to heavy metals among residents living near a Chungcheongnam-do Province industrial complex were significantly higher than those in the control region. This seems to be attributable to exposure to heavy metals emissions from the industrial complex. Further research and safety measures are required to protect residents' health.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2006

화학설비의 안전성을 향상시키기 위하여 API-581 절차에 따라 국내실정에 맞도록 개발한 한국형 위험기반검사(K-RBI) 프로그램을 화학설비에 적용하였다. 그 결과, 적용 사업장의 자체 안전관리 수준평가(PSM), 적용 대상공정의 위험도, 고정설비와 배관의 위험도, 그리고 설비의 손상메카니즘을 알 수 있었으며, 공정 위험도와 설비상태로부터 설비의 검사주기를 제시할 수 있었다. 따라서 검사주기 연장 등으로 인한 정비비용의 절감효과와 더불어 생산성 향상, 설비 신뢰도 향상, 설비의 유지 보수 및 이력관리의 전산화 등을 실현할 수 있었다.