• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.256-275
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• 1992

Insects are among the most important abiotic and biotic constraints to rice production. National rice research programs are in various stages in the development and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) stratagies for rice insect control. Among the various control tactics, insect resistant cultivars are sought as the major tactic in rice IPM. Through the activities of interdisciplinary teams of scientists significant progress has been made in the development and release of insect resistant cultivars to farmers. Because of its compatibility with other control tactics insect resistance has proven to fit well into the IPM approach to rice insect control agents and minimize the need for insecticide applications. The development of biotypes which overcome the resistance in rice plants has been a significant constraint in the breeding of rice for resistance to insects. Most notable examples in Asia are the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lygens and the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae. The current breeding stratege is to develop rice cultivars with durable resistance on which virulent biotypes cannot adapt. In spite of the significant progress made in the breeding of insect resistant cultivars there are still numerous important rice insect species for which host plant resistance as a control tactic has not been fully utilized. Advances in biotechnology provide promise of solving some of the problems that have limited the use of host plant resistance as a major tactic in the integrated management of rice insect pests.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: It is known that impacts of climate change on damage occurrence by insect pests and diseases are increasing. The negative effects of climate change on production will threaten our food security. It is needed that on the basis of analysis of the impacts, proper strategies in response to climate change are developed. METHODS AND RESULTS: The objective of this paper is to estimate impacts of climate change on rice damage occurrence by insect pests and diseases, using the panal model which analyzes both cross-section data and time series data. The result of an analysis on impacts of climate change on rice damage occurrence by pest insect and disease showed that the damage occurrence by Rice leaf roller and Rice water weevil increased if temperature increased, and damage occurrence by Stripe, Sheath blight, and Leaf Blast increased if precipitation(or amount of sunshine) increased(or decreased). CONCLUSION: Adaptation strategies, supplying weather forecasting information by region, developing systematical strategies for prevention of damage occurrence by pest insect and disease, analyzing the factors of damage occurrence by unexpected pest insect and disease, enforcing international cooperation for prevention of damage occurrence are needed to minimize the impacts of damage occurrence on rice production.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2024

Harmful pet insects, if not controlled, can negatively affect people, plants and their surrounding environment. In Vietnam, all crops are regularly impacted by pest insects. In serious cases, crops can be totally destroyed by insect pests. Harmful insects that damage crops often grow fast and increase rapidly. Therefore, research on insects is crucial for managing pests, protecting crops, and forecasting pest situation in the following years. This study aimed to collect data regarding changes of pests on rice and corn as two main crops in four provinces in Red River Delta of Vietnam, including Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Ha Nam, and Hung Yen, from 2018 to 2022. Primary data were collected from reports of government agencies and official statistics. Based on these data, this study evaluated changes of pest insects in five years, discussed reasons for such changes and response methods, and forecasted pest's behavior in the following years. Significant findings of this study include the fact that Vietnam has to face many difficulties to develop its agricultural sector. For insect management, an essential action is to do ground surveys to gather all related data including weather data, pesticide data, crop yield, and product quality. This information is meaningful for finding out causes of changes, understanding relationships between insects and surrounding factors, and predicting the situation in the following years.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1992

The extensive cultivation of new yielding varieties might give some distruption to the rice insect pest complex in Korea The population of Nephottetix cincticeps and Laodelphax striatellus has decreased in number since the extensive cultivation of new varieties, Tongil lines, in 1976. During the last 23 years, the rice insect pest population except for Chilo suppressalis drastically decreased, however, C. suppressalis population increased again in recent years. This tendency seems to be very closely correlated with the cultivation of new varieties, and a lot of fertilizations and insecticides applications.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.205-240
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• 1992

In reality, it is a green revolution of the entire agricultural matrix in Korea that integrated pest control plays an important role in the possible breakthrough in rice self-sufficiency. In paddy agroecosystem as man-modified environment, rice is newly established every year by transplantation under diverse water regimes which affect a microclimate. Standing water benefits rice by regulating the microclimate, but it favors the multiplication of certain pets through the amelioration of the microclimate. Further, the introduction of high yielding varieties with the changing of cultural practices results in changing occurrence pattern of certain pests. In general, japonica type varieties lack genes resistant to most of the important pests and insect-borne virus diseases, whereas indica type possesses more genes conferring varietal resistance. Thus, this differences among indica type, form the background of different approaches to pest management. The changes in rice cultivation such as double cropping, growing high-yielding varieties requiring heavy fertilization, earlier transplanting, intensvie-spacing transplanting, and intensive pesticide use as a consequence of the adoption of improves rice production technology, have intensified the pest problems rather than reduced them. The cultivation of resistant varieties are highly effective to the pest, their long term stability is threathened because of the development of new biotypes which can detroy these varieties. So far, three biotypes of N. lugens are reported in Korea. Since each resistant variety is expected to maintain several years the sequential release of another new variety with a different gene at intervals is practised as a gene rotation program. Another approach, breeding multilines that have more than two genes for resistance in a variety are successfully demonstrated. The average annual rice losses during the last 15 years of 1977-’91 are 9.3% due to insect pests without chemical control undertaken, wehreas there is a average 2.4% despite farmers’insecticide application at the same period. In other words, the average annual losses are prvented by 6.9% when chemical control is properly employed. However, the continuous use of a same group of insecticides is followed by the development of pest resistance. Resistant development of C. suppressalis, L. striatellus and N. cincticeps is observed to organophosphorous insecticides by the mid-1960s, and to carbamates by the early 1970s in various parts of the country. Thus, it is apparent that a scheduled chemical control for rice production systems becomes uneconomical and that a reduction in energy input without impairing the rice yield, is necessarily improved through the implementation of integrated pest management systems. Nationwide pest forecasting system conducted by the government organization is a unique network of investigation for purpose of making pest control timely in terms of economic thresholds. A wise plant protection is expected to establish pest management systems in appropriate integration of resistant varieties, biological agents, cultural practices and other measures in harmony with minimizing use of chemical applications as a last weapon relying on economic thresholds.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2003

The Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services has developed a web-site (http://www.epilove.com) in collaboration with EPINET to provide information on agricultural weather and rice disease and insect pest management in Gyeonggi-do. Weather information includes near real-time weather data monitored by automated weather stations (AWS) installed at rice paddy fields of 11 Agricultural Technology Centers (ATC) in Gyeonggi-do, and weekly weather forecast by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA).(omitted)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 1982

The effects of climatic factors on organisms lire variable and complex, and it, however, can be interpreted in terms of those on the distribution and those on the population densities. The distribution of an organism may largely be determined by the temperatures, except some temporal organisms which are depended on the air mass movements. Population density of an organism is determined by various climatic factors, such as previous winter temperature, temperature of growing season and rainfall. The start of growing season of the rice plants has been shifted to earlier since last decade in Korea. This may mean that the overall climatic condition during the growing season might be considerably different from those in past years, and such a difference in climatic conditions might have close relation with the recent status of the diseases and insect pests through direct effects on the physiology and population dynamics of the organisms, as well as through on the biotic associations of the pest organisms. The white back planthopper and brown planthopper have become the key insect pests in Korea in recent years. They are migratory and have high reproductive pontentials and more generations than average residential insects. The synchronization of the migrants and physiological condition of the rice plants seems to be the important factors in relation to the recent outbreaks of these insects; the high reproductive rate can be obtained with the growth stage of rice being 30-50 days after transplanting. The modication of the microclimate associated with high plant density and some other introduced new cultural techniques also have some relation with the outbreak. The key diseases of the rice are the blast disease, sheath blight and the bacterial leaf blight. For the rice blast, the seedling blast and leaf blast during the early growing season and the neck blast, have become more serious, the former may be related to hotbed nursery and the later may be related to the high humidity in early August, and synchronization of the heading time which has been shifted to early part from middle or late part of August. In general, for the rice diseases, the development of the new races have been the most serious which are largely resulted from the introduction of the new varieties, but it also seems to be related with the prolonged periods of the favorable condition associated with the shifted growing seasons. In general, the diseases and insect pest problems have become much more variable and complex, and control measures should be based on the thorough knowledge of the ecology of the pest organisms, that is, effects of various environmental factors on the disease cycle; spore release, spore deposition, infection, colonization and sporulation of the disease organisms, and those on the development, reproductive potentials, dispersal, age specific responses of the insects. The well organized real-time pest management systems, such as alfalfa weevil management system developed at the Purdue University in U.S., is the prime importance for the implementation of the pest management principles.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2005

This study was carried out for looking into the status of susceptibility of pest insects to insecticides. Each insect Brown planthopper(BPH), Green leaf hopper(GLH), Smaller brown plant hopper(SBPH), Rice water weevil(RWW), were captured at various areas where the host crops were being cultivated and the susceptibility level of each pest insect was investigated. The susceptibility of each pest insect varied by insect species and areas where they were caught. BPHs kept higher level of susceptibility comparing to susceptible reference strain except to most of tested insecticides except imidacloprid (Resistance ratio was 68). The susceptibilities of GLH and SBPH to most of insecticides for their control did not developed markedly since 1976 except fipronil and imidacloprid which is widely used for WRR control. The insecticides used for control of WRR were very effective even at the concentration of one fourth of recommending concentration, but in 2000 suwon strain of WRR showed markedly reduction of susceptibility to carbofuran.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.133-152
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• 2022

Rice is a fundamental staple food commodity all around the world. Globally, it is grown over 167 million hectares and occupies almost 1/5^th of total cultivated land under cereals. With a total production of 782 million metric tons in 2018. In Pakistan, it is the 2^nd largest crop being produced and 3^rd largest food commodity after sugarcane and rice. The stem borers a type of pest in rice and other crops, Scirpophaga incertulas or the yellow stem borer is very serious pest and a major cause of yield loss, more than 90% damage is recorded in Pakistan on rice crop. Yellow stem borer population of rice could be stimulated with various environmental factors which includes relative humidity, light, and environmental temperature. Focus of this study is to find the environmental factors changes i.e., temperature, relative humidity and rainfall that can lead to cause outbreaks of yellow stem borers. this study helps to find out the hot spots of insect pest in rice field with a control of farmer's palm. Proposed system uses temperature, relative humidity, and rain sensor along with artificial neural network to predict yellow stem borer attack and generate warning to take necessary precautions. result shows 85.6% accuracy and accuracy gradually increased after repeating several training rounds. This system can be good IoT based solution for pest attack prediction which is cost effective and accurate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.108.2-109
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• 2003

The Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services has developed a web-site (www.epilove.com) in collaboration with EPINET to provide information on agricultural weather and rice disease and insect pest management in Gyeonggi-do. Weather information includes near real-time weather data monitored by automated weather stations (AWS) installed at rice paddy fields of 11 Agricultural Technology Centers (ATC) in Gyeonggi-do, and weekly weather forecast by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Map images of hourly air temperature and rainfall are also generated at 309m x 309m resolution using hourly data obtained from AWS installed at 191 locations by KMA. Based on near real-time weather data from 11 ATC, hourly infection risks of rice blast, sheath blight, and bacterial grain rot for individual districts are estimated by disease forecasting models, BLAST, SHBLIGHT, and GRAINROT. Users can diagnose various diseases and insects of rice and find their information in detail by browsing thumbnail images of them. A database on agrochemicals is linked to the system for disease and insect diagnosis to help users search for appropriate agrochemicals to control diseases and insect pests.