• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 1987

Nursing service, as the largest user of labor resources, has become concerned about appropriate allocation of staffing resources. Therefore, this project was designed to measure quantitatively the direct nursing care provided to patients and to develop a new patient classification system based on the direct nursing care activities. The initial step in the development of the classification instrument was to identify the content of direct nursing activities. The frequency with which these activities were carried out, the total time spent in carrying them out and the average time for one performance of each of the nursing activities was calculated. The next step was to select the items for the classification instrument taking into account these direct nursing activities. A list of 40 items was prepared. These items were then classified into 8 major categories: personal hygiene, moving ＆ exercise, nutrition & elimination, observation, medication, treatment, collecting specimens and other care activities for severity ill patients. Each item was assigned a value unit based on the average time required by the nursing staff to complete the specific item. The third step was to determine the practicality of the items and value units, so an attempt was made to establish content validity for these items and units by obtaing a consensus from 8 head nurses, representing eight different departments. The 4th step was to conducted a pilot study to establish the score range for the classification boundaries. For this purpose an instrument was designed using the list of items and value units and a prepared classification criteria as a guideline to validate the patient classification. A judgment group consisting of 52 supervisory nurses and head nurses were asked to select the proper patient to fit each classification criteria and to fill out the instrument for each patient. The total value unit and the frequency for each classification group was calculated. According to the frequency distribution, the score range for the classification group was determined as follows : 0~15 for groupI, 16~30 for group II, 31~50 for group III, and above 51 for group IV. Finally a patient classification form was developed.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1991

This paper discusses an expert system to generate part codes and construct part families, ESPCC, for the group technology application. The ESPCC, that is developed by using VP-Expert rule-based expert system development tool, embodies the specific knowledge of human experts to determine part codes consistent with the OPITZ classification and coding system. The ESPCC is implemented on an IBM compatible personal computers running MS-DOS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.983-994
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to provide fundamental data on the development of ready-to-wear clothes appropriate for the body types of elderly women. The study was conducted targeting 318 elderly women over 60 years of age whose fields of action were colleges for the elderly, sports centers, or business sites in Seoul and the neighboring districts. A total of 44 features in the upper body were used for the anthropometric measurement and analysis using anthropometry and photometry. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Somatotypes were classified into three types according to a cluster analysis using height and weight indices. Type 1 is the group with long and undersized upper body and straight body type since the face of the upper body is long relative to height and width, girth and depth are the smallest relative to weight, the breasts are somewhat fat, with a small extent of drooping and a straight back. Type 2 is the group that is considered fat relative to the body, has broad shoulders, drooping breasts with a wide space between them, and a back-bent upper body. Type 3 is the group that has a bent shape, the shortest upper body relative to height, and showing average obesity factors. 2. Indices of height and weight were used for factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis in order to classify upper body somatotype according to shape while excluding size factors of elderly women＇s upper body somatotype. The same method was used to compare and verify the result according to the absolute measurement and height index. Classification based on height and weight indices demonstrate that such somatotype classification minimizes the personal equation of body shape and it induces better classification based on shape as the results showed the highest cumulative sum of square(CUSUM) at 78.38% while six factors showed the smallest result and the hit rate for the classified three groups showed the highest result at 95.30%.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2010

This study conducted a survey with 300 male respondents in their 20s to 50s, in order to examine the influence of personal variables, identity of gender roles, self-esteem and social-cultural attitude towards appearance on metro-sexual consumption. The findings are as follows: First, the majority of respondents experienced metro-sexual consumption in passive ways, such as purchasing cosmetics or perfume. Second, self-esteem differed by classification of identity of gender roles and the self-esteem was the most highly rated in non-classified, followed by in femininity, masculinity and androgyny. On the other hand, the non-classified group appeared to have the most highly social and cultural attitude toward appearance. Lastly, when examining the effect of personal variables, identity of gender roles, self- esteem and social-cultural attitude toward appearance on metro-sexual consumption, the results showed that the younger respondents who spend the highest monthly expenses on appearance, belong to the androgynous group and have the social-cultural attitude, are more likely to have a greater tendency towards metro-sexual consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2020

To identify the relationship between types of employment(regular and non-regular group) and departments classification (administration, product and research group) and the levels of recognition of chemical substances, a total of 117 workers in cosmetics workplaces. Mainly, regular group and research group showed higher recognition of chemical substances (PPE, ventilation, chemical management, hazards in handling chemicals, skin contact) than non-regular group and administration, product group, but In some cases, production and administrative groups were high. Descriptive statistics(SAS ver9.2)was performed. the results of recognition of chemical substances were analyzed the mean and standard deviation by t-test, and anova, (P=0.05). These results cosmetics manufacturing workplaces have normal level of the perception of chemical substances. In most of the employment types, the regular workers showed high recognition, and the working departments showed high recognition in the research and production groups. Therefore, OEM and ODM cosmetics manufacturers regularly identify characteristics and needs of workplaces and workers, and suggest the development of experience and practiced education programs and risk assessment tools that can raise worker awareness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.85-99
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to classify consumers barred on satisfaction with electronic commerce and to understand group differences in personal and behavioral characteristics. An on-line survey among hitel users was conducted from August 5th through 14th of 1999 and 678 replies were analyzed. This study identified four groups of consumers based on satisfaction with electronic commerce. They were 'the generally satisfied'. 'the generally dissatisfied', 'the satisfied with e-commerce while dissatisfied with the Internet', and 'the dissatisfied with e-commerce while satisfied with the Internet'. Demographic and behavioral characteristics of the four groups were significantly different. Implications on consumer education, consumer policy, and customer services of e-business were discussed.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of emotional labor of nursing personnel working in comprehensive nursing service ward and to suggest the way service improvement can be achieved. Methods: A total of 28 nurses working in comprehensive nursing service ward were divided into four groups to conduct focus group interview. All interviews were recorded and transcribed after the interview to perform data analysis in the order of data classification, topic categorization, and keyword derivation. Results: The five categories of subjects and relating keywords drawn from the focus group interviews are as follows: 1) Emotional labor experience: suppressing emotions, expressing emotions or actions that are different from reality, 2) Situations of emotional labor: verbal abuse and assault, sexual harassment, personal needs and errands, 3) Responses to emotional labor: responding directly, responding directly, receiving senior's help, using the organizational system, persevering, 4) Problems caused by emotional labor: work exhaustion, job change intention, job stress, 5) Protection plan against emotional labor: manual or education for nurses, education for patients and carers, compensation, tough sanctions though system strengthening. Conclusion: This study shows that although nurses working in comprehensive nursing service ward generally experience high levels of emotional labor, the problem solving of them relies mainly on personal response. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various measures to protect nurses in an organizational level response, thus to improve the comprehensive nursing service system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was aimed to find the motivation and satisfaction of subjects who participated in acupuncture and moxibustion clinical trials and to suggest ways to improve clinical trial management. Methods : We conducted a survey and collected the data of 233 subjects of acupuncture and moxibustion clinical trials from 6 university hospitals. Results : For all 233 subjects, the mean of the total satisfaction score was 4.07 (perfect score 5.0), and the score was particularly high in aspects of the investigator and clinical research coordinator, but low in the site and sponsor aspects. There were no differences in the satisfaction degree with general characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the acupuncture and moxibustion clinical trials was strong positive correlated with participation benefits(r=0.595) and easy contact with the research team (r=0.500). Conclusions : Most subjects showed positive perception and interest in the clinical trials. Future studies should investigate how personal factors influence the satisfaction of subjects, should identify a specific classification criterion, and create a standardized protocol for the clinical trials.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine what effect reflection on clinical practice experience had students as learners and care providers. Qualitative research method was used to study a group of four-year undergraduate nursing course. Content analysis was done using the classification method of Carper's four patterns of knowing. Results of the study indicated that the use of the reflective process of clinical debriefing and journaling was impact on the aspect of nursing science, moral component of knowledge in nursing, personal knowing in nursing and the art of nursing. Especially, students moved from a passive to a more active mode of learning. The most significant finding was that over time, reflective processes resulted in the emergence of the client as the central focus of care. It was suggested that reflection was an important learning tool in professional education and that the skills required for reflection need to be developed in professional courses.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2012

Increase in the number of older people due to demographic changes poses great challenges to the social healthcare systems both in the Western and as well as in the Eastern countries. Support for older people by formal care givers leads to enormous temporal and personal efforts. Therefore, one of the most important goals is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of today's care. This can be achieved by the use of assistive technologies. These technologies are able to increase the safety of patients or to reduce the time needed for tasks that do not relate to direct interaction between the care giver and the patient. Motivated by this goal, this contribution focuses on applications of acoustic technologies to support users and care givers in ambient assisted living (AAL) scenarios. Acoustic sensors are small, unobtrusive and can be added to already existing care or living environments easily. The information gathered by the acoustic sensors can be analyzed to calculate the position of the user by localization and the context by detection and classification of acoustic events in the captured acoustic signal. By doing this, possibly dangerous situations like falls, screams or an increased amount of coughs can be detected and appropriate actions can be initialized by an intelligent autonomous system for the acoustic monitoring of older persons. The proposed system is able to reduce the false alarm rate compared to other existing and commercially available approaches that basically rely only on the acoustic level. This is due to the fact that it explicitly distinguishes between the various acoustic events and provides information on the type of emergency that has taken place. Furthermore, the position of the acoustic event can be determined as contextual information by the system that uses only the acoustic signal. By this, the position of the user is known even if she or he does not wear a localization device such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag.