• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.361-370
• /
• 2003

지금 까지 우리들은 현대 디자인과 조형 교육의 기원이라고 할 수 있는 바우하우스에 대하여 단지 조직적인 차원과 의미론적인 차원에서 이해하고자 하였다. 중요한 사실은 현재 우리에게 바우하우스의 교육내용 보다는 어떠한 교육자적인 입장에서 바우하우스를 운영하였는지에 대하여 알아볼 필요가 있는 것이다. 지금으로 부터 80년 전의 바우 하우스의 교육내용을 살펴보면 마치 오늘날 현대 디자인 교육과 같은 유사한 양상으로 보이고 있다 물론 디자인의 출발은 사용자라고 할 수있다. 하지만 그 사용자에게 필요한 제품이 무엇이며, 그 제품은 어떠한 경로를 거처 완성되어야 하는지에 대하여 바우하우스는 잘 보여주고 있다. 또한 바우하우스는 디자이너로서 사물을 대하는 관점, 문제의 해결을 위한 방법론적 해결 그리고 사회에 대하여 디자인이 어떻게 접근해야 하는지에 대하여 우리게 잘 알려주고 있다. 하지만 이러한 바우하우스의 디자인 원칙이나 디자인 방법론적인 해결은 특정인에 의하여 수립된 것이 아니라, 과목을 담당하였던 각각의 마이스터들이나 교수진에 의하여 실현되었다. 이와 같은 관점에서 그 사람들의 특성과 디자인에 관한 개인적인 진술을 살펴보는 것이 바우하우스를 이해하는 올바른 순서가 되는 것이다. 특히 바우하우스는 내부적인 갈등과 외부적인 도전으로 많은 변화를 시도하였으며, 디자인의 사회학적인 기능에 대하여 많은 고심을 하였다. 필자는 바우하우스 사람들의 진술에 근거하여 바우하우스에 대한 올바른 이해를 돕고자 하였다.

• 미술이론과 현장
• /
• 제9호
• /
• pp.59-91
• /
• 2010

The Bauhaus educational method gave the strong influences on Modern Japanese art and design education. In the 1920s and 1930s, Japan allied with Germany and Italy politically and tried to receive German system to be modernized. The reception of the Bauhaus and Moholy-Nagy's photographic theory was one of those activities at that time. Japanese intellectual class went to the Bauhaus and studied there; Ishimoto Kikuchi, Nakata Sadanosuke, Mijutani Takehiko, Yamawaki Iwao and Yamawaki Michiko(Yamawaki Iwao's wife). Especially, Yamawaki Iwao studied about the architecture at the Bauhaus, but his interest moved toward the photography and the photomontage based on Moholy-Nagy's theory. He studied at the photography workshop of the Bauhaus presented by Peterhans irregularly. Even though Yamawaki Iwao was an architect, he wanted to be admitted as an expert for the photomontage that he particularly studied at the Bauahus as a Bauhaus member. He had presented many articles about the photomontage at the photography magazines in Japan in order to introduce it to Japan since he returned in 1933. Thus, Yamawaki Iwao is the important person when we look back the Modern Japanese design and art history. In Japan, the art and design systems are managed by the Bauhaus educational system until now, and it has become a kind of cultural legacy in Modern Japan; The university of Tama and The university of Tsukuba are the representative educational systems which are based on the Bauhaus legacy. However, Yamawaki Iwao had been concealed as a photographer in Japanese design and photography history until the retrospective discuss named by 'Bauhaus syashin(Bauhaus Photographies)' at the photography magazine, Deja-vu in 1995 and the retrospective exhibition titled as 'Bauhaus syashin(bauahustofografie)' in 1997. This study rethinks of Yamawaki Iwao's historical position while looking at the term as 'Bauhaus Syashin(Bauhaus Photographies)' used in Japan. It is very important to bear in mind Moholy-Nagy's wide variety of approaches to photography at the Bauhaus, but it is impossible to name it 'Bauhaus style'. 'Bauhaus style' is the international style in architecture, but that was never a Bauhaus style in photography. Eugene J. Prakapas indicated that the vague term of 'Bauhaus Photographies' in his article in 1985 as well. This study considers the historical background for the mistake of the term of 'Bauhaus Syashin(Bauhaus Photographies)' in Modern Japanese history, while looking at Yamawaki Iwao's photomontage faintly entering on the historical stage again to discuss the reception of the photomontage from him. In particular, Some of Yamawaki Iwao's photomontage presented as the wall photography in Japan during the Second World War, that was related to the propaganda of Japanese government. It had not been known well in the modern Japanese art and design history because it was related to a declaration of the Second World War by Japan. However, the historical position of his photomontage is very important for Japanese history when we rethink of the reception of the Bauhaus and Moholy-Nagys' photographic theory to build up the Japanese modern history. In the result, this study wants to discuss that the mistake of the term of 'Bauhaus syashin(Bauhaus Photographies)' in Japan is related to the interpretation for the the historical position for Yamawaki Iwao's photomontage in the reception of Bauhaus and Moholy-Nagy's photography in Japan.