• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2020

Cockroaches inhabit various habitats, which will influence their microbiome. Although the microbiome can be influenced by the diet and environmental factors, it can also differ between species. Therefore, we conducted 16S rDNA-targeted high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the overall bacterial composition of the microbiomes of 3 cockroach species, Periplaneta americana, P. japonica, and P. fuliginosa, raised in laboratory for several generations under the same conditions. The experiments were conducted using male adult cockroaches. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was not significantly different among the 3 species. With regard to the Shannon and Pielou indexes, higher microbiome values were noted in P. americana than in P. japonica and P. fuliginosa. Microbiome composition was also evaluated, with endosymbionts accounting for over half of all OTUs in P. japonica and P. fuliginosa. Beta diversity analysis further showed that P. japonica and P. fuliginosa had similar microbiome composition, which differed from that of P. americana. However, we also identified that P. japonica and P. fuliginosa host distinct OTUs. Thus, although microbiome compositions may vary based on multiple conditions, it is possible to identify distinct microbiome compositions among different Periplaneta cockroach species, even when the individuals are reared under the same conditions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2010

Allergen extracts from dust mites and cockroaches commonly found in Korean homes were used to evaluate their enzymatic activity as they are believed to influence allergenicity. Allergen extracts were prepared from 3 dust mite species (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) and 3 cockroach species (Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, and P. fuliginosa) maintained in the Korea National Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank. Proteins were extracted in PBS after homogenization using liquid nitrogen. The activities of various enzymes were investigated using the API Zym system. No significant difference in phosphatase, lipase, or glycosidase activity was observed among the 6 allergen extracts, but much difference was observed in protease activity. Protease activity was assessed in more detail by gelatin zymography and the EnzChek assay. Extract from T. putrescentiae showed the highest protease activity, followed by those of the cockroach extracts. Extracts from D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus showed only weak protease activity. Gelatinolytic activity was detected mainly in a 30-kDa protein in D. farinae, a 28-kDa protein in D. pteronyssinus, a > 26-kDa protein in T. putrescentiae, a > 20-kDa protein in B. germanica, and a > 23-kDa protein in P. americana and P. fuliginosa. The information on various enzymatic activities obtained in this study may be useful for future studies. In particular, the strong protease activity found in cockroach extracts could contribute to sensitization to cockroach allergens, which is known to be associated with the development of asthma.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1984

The toxicity value of 13 kinds of public health insecticides against the adult female cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Setville in Korea were evaluated by the topical application method of insecticides. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. S-biolline showed the most strong susceptibility with LD$_{50}$ of 1.9${\mu}g$ per cockroach (1,100 mg) out of 13 kinds of insecticides and other synthetic pyrethroides insecticides (bio-resmethrin 2.8${\mu}g$/cockroach, permethrin 4.3 ${\mu}g$/cockroach) showed some degree of susceptibility to the smoky brown cockroach. 2. Fenitrothion showed 2.5 $\mu$g per cockroach which was the most strong susceptibility out of 8 kinds of organophosphorus and most of them were good susceptibile but there was clear evidence for developed resistance against malathion with LD$_{50}$ of 80.5 {$\mu}g$ per cockroach (1,100 mg). 3. Lindane showed some degree of susceptibility with LD$_{50}$ of 13.9 {$\mu}g$ per cockroach (1,100 mg) but DDT showed the most strong resistance to the smoky brown cockroach out of 13 kinds of insecticides tested.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2006

We evaluated the efficacy of health education in reducing indoor arthropod allergens in Seoul. The mite control measures comprised the use of mite-proof mattress and pillow coverings, regular washing of potentially infested materials, maintenance of a low humidity, removal of carpets, and frequent vacuum cleaning. Cockroach control measures included trapping, application of insecticides, and protecting food. Of 201 homes enrolled in October 1999, 63 volunteers were included in a 2-year follow-up survey between April 2000 and January 2002. Before intervention, the density of mites/g of dust varied greatly; 27.1/g in children's bedding, 20/g in adult bedding, 7.2/g on the floors of children's bedrooms, 6.8/g in sofas, 5.9/g on the floors of adult's bedrooms, 3.9/g on living room floors, 3.7/g in carpets, and 1.9 mites/g on kitchen floors. The predominant mite species and house percentages infested were; Dermatophagoides farinae $93\%$, D. pteronyssinus $9\%$, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae $8\%$. Comparing 1999 and 2001 infestations, before and after 25 mo of education, mite abundance was reduced by $98\%$, from 23.7 to 0.57 mites/g of dust. In 1999, cockroaches were detected in $62\%$ homes: $36\%$ Blattella germanica and $35\%$ Periplaneta spp., including $9\%$ double infestations of B. germanica and P. americana. Following intervention, cockroach infestation rates decreased to $22\%$ of houses in 2000 and $23\%$ in 2001. We conclude that continuous and repetitive health education resulted in the effective control of domestic arthropods.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.354-371
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• 1993

컴퓨터와 자동감지장치를 이용하여 먹바퀴 성충 암컷의 행동을 사육상에서 10~15일간 연속 관찰하였다. 대체적으로 12L~12D의 광조건하에서 각 미소서식처에서의 출현율과 활동성에는 개체의 변이가 컸고 일주기성이 낮게 나타났다. 먹이, 물 타개체가 공급되었을 경우 휴식처, 타개체, 먹이 및 물이 있는 것에서 각각 하루 평균 20.42, 11.50, 6.31, 2.66% 출현했다. 먹이, 물 타개체를 공급하지 않았을 경우 휴식처에서 하루중 20.29% 출현하였다. 출현 시간당 방문 횟수는 다른 미소서식처에서보다 먹이 먹는 곳과 물 마시는 곳에서 많았고 먹바퀴의 활동성은 먹이, 물, 타개체를 공급했을 때가 공급하지 않았을 때 보다 높았다. 미소서식처 출현에 대한 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 결과 각 개체들의 출현 양상은 다양하게 나타났으나 (Q모드), 각 시간대는 명, 암기로 유형화 되어 나타났다(R모드). 먹이, 물, 타개체 공급시 휴식처에서의 출현이 먹이를 먹는 곳과 물을 마시는 곳에서의 출현보다 명, 암기의 유형성이 강하게 나타났다. 각 미소서식처에서의 출현율과 활동을 종합적으로 고려하여 PCA한 결과 먹바퀴의 활동은 먹이 및 타개체가 있는 것의 출현율과 관련 되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.391-405
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• 1995

수원 지방에 서식하는 바퀴의 종류와 상대밀도를 조사하기 위하여 수원 시내 7개 다른 서식처, 여관, 다방, 중식 음식점, 한식 음식점, 개인 병원, 아파트, 그리고 단독주택을 선정하여 끈끈이 트랩에 의한 바퀴의 채집과 서식처별 상대밀도조사를 1994년 2월부터 11월까지 실시하였다. 설치된 3,039개의 트랩 중 1,435개의 트랩에서 한마리 이상의 바퀴가 채집된 Positive Trap Rate(양성 트랩율)은 47.22%였다. 중식 음식점에서의 양성트랩율은 72.67%이었고, 채집된 바퀴의 수가 전 채집개체의 48.84%로 바퀴오염이 가장 심한 빈도를 나타내었다. 그에 비하여 한식 음식점, 아파트, 단독주택, 다방, 여관, 그리고 병원에서는 보다 조금 낮거나 매우 낮은 60.6%, 58.61%, 52.22%, 38.67%, 24.88% 그리고 17.54%로 각각 나타났다. B. germanica는 전 채집개체 수의 97.36%로 가장 높은 밀도를 나타내었으며, 55.01 개체/트랩/주의 평균 밀도를 보였다. 반면, 다른 종인 P. japonica, P. americana와 P. fuliginosa는 이보다 훨씬 낮은 2.35%, 0.14%, 0.14%를 보였다. 7개의 서로 다른 서식처에서 개체군 밀도를 조사해 본 결과 중식 음식점과 한식 음식점에서 20.56과 8.31개체/트랩/주라는 보다 높은 개체군 밀도가 관찰되었다. 그에 비해 아파트, 다방과 단독주택에서는 5.33, 3.79와 3.53 개체/트랩/주의 중간 범위 밀도가 조사되었고, 비교적 낮은 밀도가 병원(0.18 개체/트랩.주)과 여관(1.00 개체/트랩/주)으로 부터 관찰되었다.