• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.758-767
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• 2019

The classification of periodontal disease in 1999 has been widely used for determining a diagnosis, establishing a treatment plan, and evaluating the prognosis of the patient with periodontal disease. However, scientific evidence from many studies indicates the need for a new classification system for periodontal and peri-implant disease. Summary at 2017 world workshop as follows: 1) Periodontal health and peri-implant health was defined; 2) Chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis were unified as periodontitis; 3) Periodontitis was further classified by staging and grading to reflect disease severity and management complexity, rate of disease progression, respectively; 4) Periodontal disease as manifestation of systemic disease is based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10 (ICD-10) code; 5) Periodontal biotype and biologic width was replaced to periodontal phenotype and supracrestal tissue attachment, respectively; 6) The excessive occlusal force was replaced by a traumatic occlusal force; 7) ≥3 mm of radiographic bone loss, ≥6 mm of pocket probing depth and bleeding on probing indicates peri-implantitis in the absence of radiograph at final prosthesis delivery.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.235-249
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to use data from the third year of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to study relationship between oral disease and chronic disease that generally persist from 6 months to over a year, or more specifically, circulatory disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Methods : Of the data from the third year of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 7,893 adults over 19 years old who completed medical examination, health survey, and nutrition survey were selected as the final research subjects. Relationship between chronic disease and oral disease was analyzed by cross tabulation (2-test) and logistic regression analysis using SPSSWIN ver 18.0. Results : 1. Differences in the rate of prevalence of periodontal disease and the rate of prevalence of missing teeth were statistically significant with respect to age, gender, marital status, education level, residential area, income level, and occupation. Rate of prevalence of dental caries was statistically significant with respect to age, education level, and income level. 2. After examining the relationship between existence of chronic disease as diagnosed by doctor with oral disease, rate of prevalence of periodontal disease and missing teeth, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis showed statiscally significant difference. 3. Examination of rate of prevalence of chronic disease with respect to oral disease, periodontal disease and missing teeth exerted statistically significant influence on hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis (p<0.05), while dental caries did not have statistically significant effect. 4. Analysis of coupling effect of periodontal disease and missing teeth on chronic disease showed that they were related in all chronic diseases examined in this study (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis) (p<0.05). Conclusions : Periodontal disease and missing teeth were found to increase the rate of prevalence of chronic disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 2014

Purpose: Triphala is a combination of three medicinal plants, extensively used in Ayurveda since ancient times. Triphala mouthwash is used in the treatment of periodontal diseases because of its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of triphala mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine in hospitalized periodontal disease patients. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, multicenter clinical trial, 120 patients were equally divided into three groups. Patients in group A were advised to rinse their mouths with 10 mL of distilled water, group B with 0.2% chlorhexidine, and group C with triphala mouthwash for 1 minute twice daily for two weeks. The plaque index (PI) and the gingival index (GI) were recorded on the first and the fifteenth day. Results: There was no significant difference when the efficacy of triphala was compared with 0.2% chlorhexidine in hospitalized patients with periodontal disease. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in PI and GI when both group B and group C were compared with group A and also within groups B and C, after 15 days (P<0.05). Conclusions: The triphala mouthwash (herbal) is an effective antiplaque agent like 0.2% chlorhexidine. It is significantly useful in reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, thereby controlling periodontal diseases in every patient. It is also cost effective, easily available, and well tolerable with no reported side effects.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was to examine the association of sugar-containing snacking habits with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Methods: This study was conducted on 2,807 adults who answered both oral examination and food intake frequency survey in the data of 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The intake frequency of sugary snacks was selected from 17 kind of snacks, which had high sugar content and could affect oral disease. We used the complex sample logistic regression using SPSS 23.0 confirmed the correlation of sugary snack intake frequency and oral diseases. Results: 16.9% of all adults had a sugary snack at least three times a day. 20.7% of dental caries patients and 25.8% of people with periodontal diseases consumed sugary snacks more than three times a day. Especially, periodontal diseases were 1.51 times higher(p=0.008) in three or more consuming snacks group than that who ingested sugary snacks less than six times a week, by correcting the general characteristics and oral health behaviors. Conclusions: Oral health in adults affects oral health in old age, so from a public health perspective, integrated intervention is required to manage the self-cultivation health and to create correct eating habits.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.6-14
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• 2005

Chronic periodontitis is one of the most common diseases in clinical dentistry, which requires various surgical interventions to treat the moderately to severely destructed supporting periodontium. Most patients have anxiety and fear to these surgical procedures and dentists often have problems dealing with these patients. By applying the conscious sedation technique in outpatient units, periodontists have become able to manage their patients successfully with less anxiety or fear. Also, we have experienced the increased level of patients' satisfaction. Generally, periodontal treatments are time consuming procedures and patients are usually reluctant to the periodontal instruments. This study is focused on the sedation procedure with intravenous midazolam infusion performed in Department of Periodontology of Ewha Womans University Hospital. Using questionnaires, we evaluated 80 randomly selected patients for the anxiolytic effect of intravenous midazolam. Anxiety control using IV sedation was very helpful in performing various periodontal reconstructive and advanced surgical procedures in implant dentistry.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and periodontal diseases in Korea adults. The date from the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were used, and 4,827 subjects over 19 years were included in the analysis. Periodontal disease was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Obesity was measured according to body mass index. Odd ratios (ORs) were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis model. The stratification variables were smoking and diabetes, and also adjusted for sex, age, and education level. The adjusting variables included sex, age, and education level. The ORs of obesity for periodontal disease were 0.78 (95% CI = 0.51-1.22) for the category of <18.5 of BMI and 1.29 (95% CI = 1.11-1.49) for the ${\geq}25$ BMI category (both compared to the 18.5 to 24.9 category). In a subgroup analysis, the OR of BMI among those who were both non-smoking and no diabetes was 1.20 (95% CI = 1.02-1.48) for those with BMI levels ${\geq}25$. This study implies that obesity intolerance may be an independent risk factor for periodontal diseases. Obesity should also be considered when managing periodontal disease to improve oral health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3706-3713
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• 2014

This study examined the demographic and oral behavioral risk factors for periodontal disease in adult workers. The research subjects and method were conducted targeting 1,650 Korean adult workers aged 20-64 utilizing the data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3). As a result of this study, the periodontal tissue patients showed the risk factors for gender, age, income level, educational level, systemic disease, sleep hours, oral health level, biting trouble, and chewing difficulty. In terms of the greatest influence, the workers with problems with biting and chewing had a more than 3.5 times higher likelihood of being affected by periodontal disease. The findings of this study show that there are a variety of risk factors for periodontal diseases in Korean workers. To reduce the prevalence rate of periodontal disease, regular checkups including dental checkups and sufficient sleeping will be necessary, and the level of stress should be decreased. In addition, the government should take the required measures to remove the socioeconomic inequality, such as income gap or educational divide.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.475-489
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• 1998

The main goal for the treatment of periodontal diseases is the regeneration of lost cementum, bone and connective tissue. Clinical and histological research suggests that it is possible to restore periodontal structures. Seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. has been used for the treatment of bone fracture and osteoporosis in traditional Korean medicine. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of extract of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. on mineralization in periodontal ligament cells and osteoblastic cells. Periodontal ligament cells were primarily obtained from a extracted premolars with non-periodontal diseases, Osteoblastic cells were obtained from calvariae of a fetal rat, Cells were cultured with DMEM at $37^{\circ}C$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity incubator. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) level and the number of calcification nodules were examined and western blot analysis using osteonectin was performed, Measurements of ALP levels and calcification nodules showed that extract of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. had significantly higher activity than control in all of both cells. In western blot analysis, protein expression of osteonectin indicated that extract of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. showed an increased pattern than control in all of both cells. From the above results, it seems that extract of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. has excellent effect on mineralization in periodontal ligament cells and osteoblastic cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.328-338
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• 2017

Purpose: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by pathogenic bacterial accumulation. A novel index, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), represents the sum of the periodontal pocket depth of bleeding on probing (BOP)-positive sites. It is advantageous for data processing and analysis because it can be treated as a continuous variable to quantify periodontal inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated correlations between PISA and periodontal classifications, and examined PISA as an index integrating the discrete conventional periodontal indexes. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from a prospective cohort study investigating the association between chronic periodontitis and the clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. Data from 84 patients without systemic diseases (the control group in the previous study) were analyzed in the present study. Results: PISA values were positively correlated with conventional periodontal classifications (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.52; P<0.01) and with periodontal indexes, such as BOP and the plaque index (PI) (r=0.94; P<0.01 and r=0.60; P<0.01, respectively; Pearson correlation test). Porphyromonas gingivalis expression and the presence of serum P. gingivalis antibodies were significant factors affecting PISA values in a simple linear regression analysis, together with periodontal classification, PI, bleeding index, and smoking, but not in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, PISA values were positively correlated with the quantity of current smoking, PI, and severity of periodontal disease. Conclusions: PISA integrates multiple periodontal indexes, such as probing pocket depth, BOP, and PI into a numerical variable. PISA is advantageous for quantifying periodontal inflammation and plaque accumulation.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.130-143
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• 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and periodontal disease are bone destructive diseases mainly caused by inflammation. Various studies are being conducted to develop treatments for inflammatory bone destructive diseases. Many of these studies involve plant-derived natural compounds. In these studies, cell differentiation, signal transduction pathways, and bone resorption were measured at the cellular level. In disease-induced animal models, the amount of inflammatory mediators or matrix destructive enzymes and serum metabolic markers were measured. This study examined the effects of plant-derived natural compounds, such as flavonoids, on inflammatory bone destructive diseases. In addition, we structurally classified various substances used to maintain bone health and summarized the biological effects and related mechanisms of the components.