• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.2488-2511
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• 2015

Data redundancy has high impact on Wireless Sensor Network's (WSN) performance and reliability. Spatial and temporal similarity is an inherent property of sensory data. By reducing this spatio-temporal data redundancy, substantial amount of nodal energy and bandwidth can be conserved. Most of the data gathering approaches use either temporal correlation or spatial correlation to minimize data redundancy. In Collective Prediction exploiting Spatio Temporal correlation (CoPeST), we exploit both the spatial and temporal correlation between sensory data. In the proposed work, the spatial redundancy of sensor data is reduced by similarity based sub clustering, where closely correlated sensor nodes are represented by a single representative node. The temporal redundancy is reduced by model based prediction approach, where only a subset of sensor data is transmitted and the rest is predicted. The proposed work reduces substantial amount of energy expensive communication, while maintaining the data within user define error threshold. Being a distributed approach, the proposed work is highly scalable. The work achieves up to 65% data reduction in a periodical data gathering system with an error tolerance of 0.6℃ on collected data.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2013

The aquatic insect collected at six areas (each 2 for mountain area, plain field, and urban area) from 2009 to 2011 were classified to analyze the distribution and diversity of species. Frequency (number of aquatic insect: N), number of species (S), similarity index (C), richness index (R1, R2), variety index (V1, V2), evenness index (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5), and dominance index (D1) were investigated. Total N and S were 143 and 84, respectively. C matrix of 153 combinations was constructed with the average of 0.542. The average C of 3 years (0.659) was 9.9% P, more higher than the average C of 6 areas (0.560). The average values of the index of 18 plots were 2.28, 0.17, 1.24, 1.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.01, 0.87, 0.31, 0.93 for R1, R2, V1, V2, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, D1, respectively. The order in the coefficient of variation (CV) of the indicator for 18 plots was N (70.0%) > E3 (54.9%) > E1 (49.6%) > R2 (40.5%) > S (35.3%) > R1 (33.7%) > E2 (28.4%) > E5 (15.9%) > V1 (11.1%) > E4 (6.3%) > V2 (5.1%) > D1 (4.8%). The correlation matrix with 66 combinations between the indexes was constructed with statistical significance for 33 combinations. However, R1, V1, E2 and D1 were the proper indexes to represent species diversity of aquatic insect based on the correlation matrix and the theory of statistical independence. The richness index was highest in mountain, variety index in urban area, and evenness index in plain field. However, the dominance index was lowest in urban area.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.59-70
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• 2012

This study aims to find methodical similarities between pop art and Robert Venturi's works. Pop art and Robert Venturi's works gave attention to periodical changes and wanted to communicate with the public. This study approaches a topic from psychological viewpoints, especially visual dissonance. The results are as follows: 1. Manufactured Products ; Commercial Ornaments ${\rightarrow}$ Character Changes in Experienced Stimulation 2. Daily Elements ; Traditional Elements(Classic) ${\rightarrow}$ Contextual Effect of Canonic Representation In these cases, visual dissonance attracted a lot of public attention, and people would develop new meanings of objet. Pop art and Robert Venturi's works indicated value change in post-industrial society, therefore, this study can help to understand the correlation.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2014

This study included the analysis of mushroom data collected from Mt. Chiak in Gangwon-do using various methods. Former studies of Korean mushrooms are limited by regional characters and there is less species diversity among the regions. This study tried to find a way for the forecast of mushroom distribution and appearance by indexes of species diversity. The indexes used in this study include the number of fungi (N), the number of species (S), similarity index (C), richness index (R1, R2), variety index (V1, V2), evenness index (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5), and dominance index (D1) to analyze variety of species diversity. Analyses of data of fungi using a multistage cluster sampling indicate that the average value of C for years was higher than the average value of C for areas. The mushrooms consisted of 208 species in 686 individuals in limited fungal collection from 2002 to 2003. One hundred thirty nine species in 393 individuals were collected in 2002, and 122 species 293 individuals were collected in 2003. The individuals collected in 2003 were smaller than 2002's individuals. Similarity, richness, and variety indexes' values of 2003 were reduced than 2002's values but dominance index of 2003 was increased than 2002's value. Generally the species diversity of the environment to evaluate the index of similarity, richness, and variety was a higher index; dominance index was lower than that of the surrounding environment, suggesting a good diversity. As a result, the occurrence of mushrooms in the surrounding environment and the various factors seem fell in 2002 compared to 2003. The majority genus of the limited fungal collection was Mycena genus in 63 individuals; the majority species was Laccaria laccata in 34 individuals. Ninety three species in 106 individuals were collected by the extended collection and the majority genus of the extended collection was Amanita genus in 17 individuals; the majority species was Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) Pers. which was found in 5 individuals. This demonstrates that periodical similarity's value was 0.159 is higher than special similarity's 0.119. This indicates that the probability of the appearance of same mushrooms in the same area in following year is higher than the probability of the appearance of same mushrooms in the surrounding area in same year. The value of coefficient of variation (CV), in which the amount of change is much or less by N is higher than the CV value by S. CV value of dominance index(D) was the highest r point among other indexes, and evenness index (E) was the lowest point among other indexes. The correlation matrix with 66 combinations between the indexes, the combinations with correlations was 46 combinations. These results revealed that indexes of R1, V2, and E1 were proper to represent species diversity of fungi based on the correlation matrix and the theory of statistical independence which means there is no or less mutual association. This research would contribute to the study about variable living creature by measuring method and in the future this would be used to figure out regulation about fungi with their correlation, values in ecosystem, develop improving new models about agricultural fungi species and numbers by investigating agricultural variable species.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.209-225
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• 1997

Daily rainfalls and evaporations from copper pan measured in Suweon from 1964 to 1996 were figured respectively so that past soil moisture deficits can be understood clearly at a glance in relation to the characteristics of weather. Past drought intensities in Suweon were computed on the basis of Oh's 50mm pan model estimating drought in terms of daily, monthly shortage of evapotranspiration and growthless time fraction. Yearly differences in drought seem to result mainly from yearly differences in rainfall distribution and intensity, because there is the periodical similarity in evaporation from year to year. The most intense drought continued from December, 1964 to June, 1965 for 190 days and the most frequent rainfalls were observed from June, 1989 to August, 1990 for 15 months. The applied Oh's drought estimation model was reinforced with figuring programs with a view to later application for other districts. Present economic value index of irrigation were distributed in the range of 120% to 210% of one season yield for spring chinese cabbage, calculated on the basis of 10 year's accumulation of its expectable future yield increase. Therefore, the same value can be invested for the installation of new irrigation system even only for spring chinese cabbage, if its depreciation period is 10 years.