• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.30-41
• /
• 1986

It is worthwhile to compare the major social indicators between Korea the and Taiwan particularly focusing on population because two countries share close similarities in many aspects and gave access to the advanced level among the developing countries in recent years. Similarities or dissimilarities presented in this paper will be helpful to the researchers and the policy makers of the two countries by giving them insight on the situation. The similarities and dissimilarities between the two countries in the field of demography and social indicators are summarized as follows : 1. Similarity indicators can be found in fertility. One of them is Net Reproduction Rate and it was less than one in both countries in 1985. The past trend of fertility, in fact level and pattern of it, of the two countries from 1960 to 1985 has been very similar. 2. Level and pattern of mortality is quite different between two countries. Mortality level of Taiwan is lower than that of Korea. 3. The close similarity between two countries was shown in population structure and aging index. 4. On future population projection, the population structure and the level and pattern of fertility of the two countries are very similar. During fourty years, the period from the current population growth rate which is a little more than 1% to the zero growth rate, the annual population growth rate of the two countries is approximately 0.6% and that is similar to those of the current industrialized countries. According to the medium variant of the projection, Korean population will reach Zero Growth Rate between 2020 and 2025 whereas Taiwan between 2025 and 2020 5. Current level of contraceptive prevalence of both countries is very similar showing above 70% of the eligible women in 1985 and one of the valuable factors of achieving this high rate within short period must be the national program of the family planning. A close cooperation in the field of population policy formulation and its implementation is indispensable because Korea and Taiwan have similarity in many population indicators.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 1980

Incidence of avian infectious diseases in breeder chickens was followed serologically. Serum samples were collected during the period of 1978~1979 from breeders throughout country and tested for the presence of antibodies against Salmonella pullorum(SP), Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG), Avian Infectious Bronchitis virus(AIBV), Infectious Bursal Disease virus(IBDV) and Egg Drop Syndrome Virus(EDS). The tests used serum plate agglutination for SP and MG, immuno-diffusion for AIBV and IBDV and hemagglutination-inhibition test for EDS virus. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of Avian Infectious Bronchitis virus were 16.9% and 55.3%. 2. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of Infectious Bursal Disease virus were 50.1% and 66.4%. 3. Individuals and Hocks incidence rate of sal. pullorum were 17.2% and 65.9%. 4. Individuals and flocks incidence rate of M. gallisepticum were 36.2% and 63.2%. 5. Individuals and flocks incidence rate of Egg Drop Syndrome (BC 14) virus were 14.1% and 46.3%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.859-866
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Neopsora (N) caninum infection in Korean dairy herds. To determine the prevalence of antibodies to N caninum in Korean dairy cattle, a total of 1,688 sera including 895 sera taken from 30 herds having recent high abortion rate and 793 sera selected randomly from 168 herds with no history of recent abortion problem, respectively, collected nationwide during a designated period were analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Mean nationwide seropositive rate of the sera tested in herds and individual cattle tested were 53.5% and 35.6%, respectively. However mean seropositive rate of the samples from herds having abortion problem was approximately two and half times higher than those in herds with no recent abortion history. Regional seropositive rates of the samples from the herds with abortion problem were 48.6%, 51.6%, 44.4% and 71.4% at Kyunggi, Kangwon, Kyungbuk and Jeonnam province, respetively. Regional seropositive rates of the samples from the herds with no recent abortion problem were 35.6%, 18.3%, 16.5%, 37.5%, 19.4%, 33.3%, 32.1%, 3.8% and 0.0% at Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Kyungbuk, Kyungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Jeju province, respectively. The results of this study suggested that N caninum infection was widespread and considerably associated with bovine abortion in Korea.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2020

Chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection remains a major health threat, especially in high-prevalence areas. Most infants infected by mother-to-infant HBV transmission become chronic carriers. In Taiwan, many important preventive interventions have been implemented to block the perinatal transmission of HBV in the past 35 years. The first nationwide universal HBV vaccination program was launched in Taiwan in July 1984. The three-dose HBV vaccine completion rate reached 98.1% in 2018. The prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decreased from 9.8% in pre-vaccinated period in 1984 to 0.5% in the vaccinated cohort in 2014. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children aged 6-9 years significantly declined from 0.52 to 0.13 per 100,000 children born before and after 1984, respectively. Furthermore, we have performed a maternal HBV screening program during pregnancy since 1984, with the screening rate peaked at 93% in 2012. The HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rate in pregnant women declined from 13.4% and 6.4% in 1984-1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016, respectively. To closely control perinatal HBV infection, we have administered hepatitis B immunoglobulin immediately after birth and checked the serum level of HBsAg and anti-HBs in high-risk babies born to HBsAg-seropositive mothers, irrespective of their HBeAg status, since July 2019. We have also adopted short-term antiviral treatments such as tenofovir 300 mg daily in the third trimester for highly viremic mothers and reduced the perinatal infection rates from 10.7 to 1.5%. Through all these efforts, we expect to meet the global goal of eliminating HBV infection by 2030.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.11
• /
• pp.6807-6812
• /
• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is a major cause of Korean female mortality and is clearly associated with smoking. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2,3), which included both self-reports of smoking and urinary cotinine data, revealed a significant discrepancy between the prevalence of self-reported and biochemically-verified female smokers. The factors associated with accurate self-reporting of current smoking status remain poorly understood, however. Materials and Methods: We assessed the prevalence of smoking in KNHANES using both self-report and urinary cotinine data. Subsequently, using univariate and multivariate tests, we assessed whether age, intensity of smoking, marital status, relationship with cohabitants, education, occupation, residential area, or annual household income were associated with inaccurate self-reporting in Korean females. We also investigated whether the prevalence of inaccurate self-reports changed over the survey period, 2008-2009. Results: The prevalence of self-reported smoking was 47.8% in males and 6.6% in females. By contrast, the prevalence of smoking as assessed by urinary cotinine levels was 52.2% in males and 14.5% in females. Of the 746 females with urinary cotinine levels >50ng/ml, 407 (56.0%) provided inaccurate self-reports. In a multivariate model, age group(40-49: OR 3.54, 95%CI 1.42-8.86, p=0.007; ref :20-29), cotinine intensity(OR 0.999, 95%CI 0.998-0.999, p<0.001), marital status (married but without spouse: OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.15-0.94, p=0.037; ref :never married), relationship with cohabitants (living with a spouse and unmarried child: OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.44-4.80, p=0.002; living with 2 generations except unmarried child: OR 2.53, 95%CI 1.09-5.87, p=0.030; living with ${\geq}3$ generations: OR 3.25, 95%CI 1.48-7.10, p=0.003; ref :spouse only) and education(college or higher: OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.04-7.18, p=0.042; ref :elementary or less) were independently associated with inaccurate self-reports. Conclusions: The trend of smoking prevalence of Korean females is likely to decrease. However, an elevated prevalence of inaccurate self-reports by females remains. Factors related to the intensity of smoking and family status appear to influence whether a Korean female provides an accurate self-report when asked about smoking behavior.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to discover the changes in obesity prevalence and dietary habits in Korean adults residing in various residential areas during the last 10 years. Methods: Data on Korean adults aged 19 years and above was obtained from the 4th (2007-2009) and the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were classified into metropolitan (4th: n=5,977, 7th: n=6,651), urban (4th: n=4,511, 7th: n=5,512) and rural (4th: n=3,566, 7th: n=2,570) based on their residence. The general characteristics, nutrient intake, intake amount, food groups, and healthy dietary factors were analyzed. The association between residential areas and obesity prevalence were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: In urban and rural areas, the obesity rate increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey, excluding the metropolitan area. The carbohydrate intake decreased, and lipid intake increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey. Over the same period, the intake of cereals and vegetables decreased, and the intake of meat and processed foods increased. Rural residents had a higher intake of cereals and vegetables, and a lower intake of milk and processed foods than those in metropolitan areas and urban residents. The proportion of subjects who practiced a healthy diet increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey. In the 4th survey, there was no relationship seen between the prevalence of obesity and the subject's residential area, but in the 7th survey, the odds ratio of obesity was higher in rural areas than in the metropolitan areas, confirming the regional gap (OR: 1.16, 95% CI=1.00-1.36, P=0.044). Conclusions: This study showed that the obesity prevalence increased in rural residents compared to metropolitan residents, indicating a gap between the regions. The nutrient intake and intake of food groups changed in the 10 years under consideration, and there were differences seen between regions. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a policy that will reduce obesity prevalence and health inequalities between regions.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.881-888
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the risk factors of dental caries in early childhood. Methods : Subjects were 197 mothers having 5 year old children. They completed the questionnaire from June 1 to July 14, 2012. Results : At birth, the age of mother and the number of teeth experiencing dental caries showed high correlation(r=0.163, p<0.05). Early beginning(r=-0.441, p<0.05) and long period(r=0.441, p<0.05) of mix feeding were closely related to dental caries outbreak. Long period of supplementary food caused deciduous dental caries (r=0.643, p<0.001) and dental caries experience (r=0.723, p<0.001). Long period of breast feeding (r=0.261, p<0.001) also caused deciduous dental caries. Low BMI of mother was colsely related to high dental caries(r=-0.206, p<0.01). Deciduous dental caries accounted for 61.8% and the number of teeth experiencing dental caries was 68.5%. Conclusions : Appropriate breast feeding habit is the most important behavior of preventing deciduous dental caries in 5 year old children.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 1995

Cyclosporin A is a powerful immunosuppressive agent commonly used for patients receiving organ transplants. Like phenytoin and the calcium channel blockers, the drug is associated with gingival overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to compare the correlation with gingival overgrowth score and clinical indices(i.e, : plaque index, papillary bleeding index, probing depth) and correlation with gingival overgrowth score and microorganism distribution in use of phase contrast microscope. After renal tranplant, taking cyclosporin A 40 patients participating in this investigation. Post - transplatation cyclosporin medication period was average $17.53{\pm}15.75$ months. In previous study reported that gingival overgrowth is an adverse side - effects seen in about 25-81% of patient taking cyclosporin A. The results were as follows : 1. Gingival overgrowth prevalence in taking cyclosporin A patients was 77.5%. Prevalence rate of region was anterior region(26 teeth, 55.3%), molar region(14 teeth, 29.8%), premolar region(7 teeth, 14.8%) in turns. Gingival overgrowth score by Angelopoulos & Goaz method was molar region($1.56{\pm}0.81$), anterior region($1.52{\pm}0.75$), premolar region($1.14{\pm}0.90$) in turns. 2. Medication period was not correlation with gingival overgrowth score. 3. Clinical indices and gingival overgrowth score were as follows. 1) Plaque index and gingival overgrowth score was significantly correlated(p

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in the management and 5-year survival rates of patients with oral cancer in our department over a 30-year period. Materials and Methods: We investigated the patient distributions, treatment methods, method of neck dissection according to cancer stage, and 5-year survival rates for 700 oral cancer patients over the periods of 1982-1996 (256 patients), 1999-2006 (248 patients), and 2007-2011 (196 patients). Results: Stage IV patients were the largest group in all of the time periods evaluated. Although surgery and radiotherapy were the most common methods in all periods (over 50%), the prevalence of patients who underwent concomitant chemoradiotherapy increased from 7.0% to 16.2%. The use of radical neck dissection decreased from 43.0% to 5.3%, while conservative surgical methods increased from 24.1% to 76.3%. Lastly, the overall 5-year survival rate increased from 31.6% to 63.5% during the study period. Conclusion: Although the 5-year survival rate reached the same level as that of other developed countries during the course of our study, most patients continue to come to the hospital with stage IV disease. In order to increase the 5-year survival rate of oral carcinoma, it may be necessary to improve public education and social efforts relevant to early diagnosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2010

There has been little data on the prevalence of supplement use and the characteristics of the dietary supplement users in the Republic of Korea. This study presents the prevalence and the details of any dietary supplement use and the characteristics of the adults who use dietary supplements in the Republic of Korea. Between May 18 and June 16, 2006, nationwide and population-weighted personal interviews with 6,201 adult aged from 30 to 69 years were conducted and the final sample consisted of 3,000 people with a 49.8% response rate. We examined the prevalence and details of the use of dietary supplements and the characteristics of those who use the dietary supplement among adults. About sixty two percent of adults had taken any dietary supplement during the previous 12-month period in 2006. The most commonly reported dietary supplement was ginseng, followed by multivitamins, glucosamine, probiotics, and vitamin C. Female (versus male), an older age group, a higher family income, those living in metropolitan cities, those with marital experience, those with a higher level of education, and those having medical problems had a greater likelihood of reporting the use of any dietary supplements. The particular relationships differed depending on the type of supplement. The most Korean adults took one more dietary supplement and the dietary supplement users had different demographic and health characteristics compared to those of the nonusers. Research on diet supplements by the medical community is needed in the future.