• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.27-42
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• 2019

This paper tried a detailed approach to identify the correlation among basic elements that influenced the change of forms of the Po. To this end, the subjects were limited to the clothing from the 15th to the 18th century, which was found in the tombs of the period of Pyeonbokpo. The total number of excavated artifacts measured directly is 6 and other correctly described excavated artifacts for a total of 54 items. Per period and element, the types of collars and Seop were presented by classifying collars in 4 types, and Seop in 3 types. On the basis of the classification, the relics selected in this paper were analyzed considering the appearance, period, and rate per type of each element. The type and the change of forms of each element per period, with the focus on the appearance, were identified and the factors influencing the change of forms per element and the correlation between such factors were investigated. The representative type in the first period included dual collars, dual Seop and the representative type in the second period was characterized by a shawl collar and a dual Seop joining the pieces. The representative type in the third period was characterized by round collars and a short Seop. The elements determining the forms of Po, including collars and Seop, had a correlation to the lapse of time and had been systematically influencing each other. Furthermore, the overall change of form was caused due to the social functions as well as the supplementary function of keeping balance among the elements and accordingly, the change of forms was think characterized per period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.41
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• pp.117-138
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• 1998

This study can be divied into three major sections: 1. Background on the 1980s : The 1980s can be characterized as a era of rising expectations over the quality of life. Interest in art, history, culture, and new technology increased to appeal to a greater audience. In fashion, these changes led to greater focus on quality and unique stylishness as fashion represented a medium through which luxury and refined tastes could be expressed. 2. Textile Trends of the 80s Divided into 4 Periods : The period of 1980-82 saw the mixture of natural lines with constructive lines. The textiles used in fashions in this period can be characterized by natural materials, mannish materials of the 1950s, feminine materials of the 1920s and 30s, and spoty materials of the 1960s. The period of 1983-85 was an avante garde period which used rustic avante-garde materials and art craft materials. The period of 1986-87 can be described as minimalistic and neo-classical which incorporated materials which represents a metropolitan feel, retro decorative materials and sporty, futuristic mat-erials. Lastly, the period of 1988-89 produced ethnic and natural fashions which relied on traditional British materials, country elegant and innocent look fabrics, ethinic and ecology-minded materials, in addition to comfortable and sports casual materials. 3. Characteristrics and methods of expression for textiles in the 1980s, : In the 1980s, the development of textiles have can be divided into 4 distinct patterns: decorative materials, sporty materials. In generals textiles have increased in their decorative nature-especially decoration by texure. Textile have also incorporated the mixture of contrasting themes in order to create new fabrics.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.47-59
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• 1994

A capacity expansion planning problem with buy-or-lease decisions is considered. Demands for capacity are deterministic and are given period-dependently at each period. Capacity additions occur by buying or leasing a capacity, and leased capacity at any period is reconverted to original source after a fixed length of periods, say, lease period. All cost functions (buying, leasing and idle costs) are assumed to be concave. And shortages of capacity and disposals are not considered. The properties of an optimal solution are characterized. This is then used in a tree search algorithm for the optimal solution and other two algorithms for a near-optimal solution are added. And these algorithms are illustrated with numerical examples.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

A study on the seasonal changes in the phytoplankton community was carried out in four aquaculture ponds of Bangladesh over a period of 16 months from August 2000 to November 2001. Out of 45 phytoplankton species identified, 30 belong to Cyanophyceae, 7 to Chlorophyceae, 5 to Bacillariophyceae and 3 to Euglenophyceae. The highest phytoplankton abundance was observed in spring followed by early autumn, summer, and the lowest was in winter. The annual succession of Cyanophyceae was characterized by spring and early autumn period dominated by Microcystis sp. Anabaena sp. and Planktolymbya sp. with Microcystis sp. as the main blue-green algae represented. Chlorophyceae was characterized by rainy season domination of Chlorella vulgaris, Pediastrum sp. and Scenedesmus denticulatus with maximum abundance of Chlorella vulgaris. Whereas Bacillariophyceae was dominant during the winter period. Navicula angusta and Cyclotella meneghiniana were the most frequently occurring species of Bacillariophyceae throughout the study period. Euglenophyceae was dominant in late autumn and Euglena sp. was the dominant species. The effect of various physicochemical water quality parameters on the seasonal distribution and succession of the above mentioned phytoplankton population as well as the interaction and eutrophication are discussed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.145-160
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• 2022

This study analyzes the influence of the social and cultural background of Art Nouveau on the costumes, architecture, and crafts in the period drama 'Crimson Peak'. This research method captures images of women's costumes, architecture, and crafts in the 'Crimson Peak' and selects and analyzes those with a clear Art Nouveau influence. Edith's costumes are characterized by the Art Nouveau style that emerged in the 1890s, with an hourglass silhouette, pastel colors, soft materials, and organic curved embellishments. Lucille's costumes show characteristics that were prevalent before the 1890s, using bustles, strong colors, and elaborate ornamentation. The architecture is characterized by gothic vertical lines and organic curves, naturalistic patterns featuring animals and plants, and steel and glass materials. The crafts of 'Crimson Peak' are characterized by flexible shapes with strong, organic curves. These costumes, architecture, and crafts share formal elements including waving, twisting, and organic curves and plant-shaped motifs. The influence of social and cultural background of the age of Art Nouveau expressed in movies on formative arts was examined as impressionism appeared in costumes made of pastel colors, thin and see-through materials, medieval Gothic historicism expressed in structures composed of vertical design and religious relief ornament, exoticism appeared in Chinese vase and Japanese-patterned tea sets, naturalism with an animal·plant motif and phenomenon of active social activities of progressive women through women's clothing that elements of men's costume are introduced. This study will provide data for the production of period dramas set at the end of the 19th century.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2004

We report the results on the investigation of the association of solar wind dynamics and the occurrence of geosynchronous relativistic electron events. This study analyzed E>2MeV electron fluxes measured by GOES 10 satellite and solar wind parameters by ACE satellite for April, 1999 to December, 2002. Most of the relativistic events during the time period are found to be accompanied by the prolonged period of quiet solar wind dynamics which is characterized as low solar wind pressure, weak interplanetary magnetic field, and fast fluctuations in IMF Bz. (omitted)

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Pierre Robin syndrome is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate. Infants with Pierre Robin syndrome causes feeding difficulty, upper airway obstruction, and other symptoms. This study aims to examine the effects of applying dysphagia treatment to infants with Pierre Robin syndrome. The study participant was an infant who was born four weeks premature and referred for dysphagia treatment approximately 100 days after birth. At the initial assessment, the infant showed oral sensory sensitivity, a high level of facial and masticatory muscle tension, and a low stability of the chin and cheeks with almost no normal "sucking-swallowing-breathing" pattern. We set the baseline period and intervention period using the AB design. During the baseline period, non-nutritive sucking training using a rubber nipple was conducted without implementing an oral stimulation intervention. During the intervention period, non-nutritive sucking training and an oral stimulation intervention were performed. After the intervention period, the infant's daily oral intake and oral intake per time significantly increased compared to that during the baseline period. We observed that the oral intake time of the infant decreased during the intervention period compared to that in the baseline period, which indicated an improvement in control over the chin, tongue, and lip movements, a change in muscular tension, and stabilization of the "sucking-swallowing-breathing" pattern. We provided dysphagia treatment before breastfeeding, it was positive effects such as normal development of the infant, transition from tube feeding to bottle feeding, and enhancement of overall oral motor function.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changing process of work activities of community health practitioners in medically vulnerable areas. Methods: For the study an historical research method was used, based on literature data and collected literature data related to the work of community health practitioners from 1940 to 2013. Results: There were 45 records according to the literature data about the work activities of the practitioners. Analysis of the process of work activities by time period was based on the historical records: first, the introduction period (1940~1980) saw the "community health practitioners begin their work activities"; second, the development period (1981~1997) involved "provision of comprehensive health and medical service"; third, the stagnation period (1998~2005) characterized by "attempts at new role changes in a crisis"; fourth, the expansion period (2006~2011) "focused on the work of health promotion"; and finally, the stable period (2012~the present) observed "work activities of community health practitioners recognized." Conclusion: Results showed five topics in the process of work activities of community health practitioners by time period. The results offer basic data to investigate work activities of these practitioners and enable discussions about the future of community healthcare.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2003

For the first time to our knowledge we have developed compact mechanically-induced long-period fiber grating devices which have an excellent tunability in the center wavelength and the depth of the notch. The compactness and ease to tune allow us to include them in other optical devices or systems. The devices were characterized by measuring their transmission spectra with different grating periods and applied pressures. We have also demonstrated the EDFA gain flattening using the mechanically-induced long-period fiber grating devices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.208-219
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• 1999

The costume style of Turfan had changed three times which were the period of peculiar style the period of Kochang style the period of influence of T'ang's culture. Before the founding of Kochang country the costume style of Turfan was two piece style. It was a character of nomadic people's clothes. Tops were tunic and caftan. The method of adjust caftan were two types. The one is wrapping toward left so the right edge of the top covers the left. The other is wrapping toward right. Bottoms were pants and skirts. This period was characterized by the traditional style. I called in it the period of peculiar style After the founding of Kochang country style as Kochang style. In this period Silkroad was so activated that cultural exchanges between many people and materials passed through Turfan. Turfan's culture soaked up the products of civilization of chinese and western Turkestan. Chinese and western Turkestan's costume influencd under the direct control of T' ang dynasty. Such an aspects were reflected the Trufan's costume. The Trucan's costume had changed into the foreign style that was the T'ang's costume. It was the period of influence of T'ang culture.