• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1993

In this study, the significant and enduring concentration of federal R&D spending in metro-scale clusters across the nation is treated as evidence of the operation of a distinct industrial infrastructure defined by the ability of R&D performers to attract external funding and pursue the sophisticated project work demanded. It follows, then, that the agglomerative potential of these R&D concentrations -- performers and their support infrastructures -- requires a search for economic impacts guided by a different stimulative effects attributable to federal R&D spending may be that substantial subnational economic impacts are routinely obscured and diluted by research designs that seek to discover impacts either at the level of nation-scale economic aggregates or on firms or specific industries organized spatially. Therefore, this study proceeds by seeking to link the locational clustering of federal contract R&D spending to more localized economic impacts. It tests a series of models(X-IV) designed to trace federal contract R&D spending flows to economic impacts registered at the level of metro-regional economies. By shifting the focus from funding sources to recipient types and then to sector-specific impacts, the patterns of consistent results become increasingly compelling. In general, these results indicated that federal R&D spending does indeed nurture the development of an important nation-spanning advanced industrial production and R&D infrastructure anchored primarily by two dozed or so metro-regions. However, dominated as it is by a strong defense-industrial orientation, federal contract R&D spending would appear to constitute a relatively inefficient national economic development policy, at least as registered on conventional indicators. Federal contract R&D destined for the support of nondefense/civilian(Model I), nonprofit(Model II), and educational/research(Mode III) R&D agendas is associated with substantially greater regional employment and income impacts than is R&D funding disbursed by the Department of Defense. While federal R&D support from DOD(Model I) and for-profit(Model II) and industrial performer(Model III) contract R&D agendas are associated with positive regional economic impacts, they are substantially smaller than those associated with performers operating outside the defense industrial base. Moreover, evidence that the large-business sector mediates a small business sector(Model VI) justifies closer scrutiny of the relative contribution to economic growth and development made by these two sectors, as well as of the primacy typically accorded employment change as a conventional economic performance indicator. Ultimately, those regions receiving federal R&D spending have experienced measurable employment and income gains as a result. However, whether or not those gains could be improved by changing the composition -- and therefore the primary missions -- of federal R&D spending cannot be decided by merely citing evidence of its economic impacts of the kind reported here. Rather, that decision turns on a prior public choice relating to the trade-offs deemed acceptable between conventional employment and income gains, the strength of a nation's industrial base not reflected in such indicators, and the reigning conception of what constitutes national security -- military might or a competitive civilian economy.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-132
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• 2015

National technical qualifications to enhance an individual's vocational skills, the competitiveness of companies and countries have an important function to improve. Especially 'qualifications' will have a signal function to show objectively measure an individual's ability with the 'Education' The "knowledge necessary for the performance of their duties. Technology will gain knowledge about such assessment or recognition is based on certain criteria and procedures." Learning to qualify are being made through a smart learning a lot. Due to the revolution of the Internet in recent years with the development of information and communication technologies are entering into a knowledge society, the importance of information and knowledge. This contemporary smart learning education system is continuing to rapidly growing in pace with the changing time and space constraints, without teaching and learning is taking place. The purpose of this study is the ARCS motivation theory can determine a representative theory of human motivation factors and basic psychological needs dealing with the human nature of the psychological needs Interactivity and immersive learning, and to validate the empirical causality Affecting the continued use of smart learning through fun. Specifically, attention, relevance, confidence in the ARCS motivation, see their effect on the learning flow through the satisfaction we analyze empirically. Through this national technical qualifications smart learner's learning by supporting the implicit synchronization of students in learning are the degree of continued use. Therefore, to achieve the objectives of national technical qualifications and skills through a smart learning can contribute to the activation of the development and certification of course industry.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2013

Android that was made by Google and Open Handset Alliance is the open source software toolkit for mobile phone. In a few years, Android will be used by millions of Android mobile phones and other mobile devices, and become the main platform for application developers. In this paper, the integrated login application based on Google's Android platform is developed. The main features of the mobile combination login application content based on Android are as follows. First, the application has more convenient login functionality than the functionality of general web browser as the web browser of the mobile-based applications(web browser style applications) as well as security features and faster screen(view) capability by reducing the amount of data transfer. Second, the application is so useful for management of ID and Password, and it can easily manage multiple ID information such as message, mail, profile. The results of performance evaluation of the developed application show the functionality that can login many kinds of portal sites simultaneously as well as the ability that can maintain login continuously. Currently, we are trying to develope a couple of the technologies that can insert multiple accounts into one ID and check all information on one screen.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2014

Nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen have been widely known as important source of algal appearance in eutrophic water. In order to prevent lake eutrophication, it is required to remove these nutrients not only presented in the lake water, but also released from the sediment. In order to solve this problem this study, the trivalent lanthanum ions and ammonia Nitrogen ($NH_4{^+}-N$) for the adsorption capacity of a zeolite support as it combines the lake water has dissolved in the nutrient removal, as well as deposits in the eluted in the continuously adsorbing the complex to develop and study was to inhibit the growth of algae. In experimental results, lanthanum complexes when the adsorption characteristics were evaluated $PO_4{^{3-}}-P$ and the $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal was confirmed that has an excellent ability, when it applied lake water the time of Chl-a and the turbidity decreased. In this study, these results suggest that the lanthanum complexes produced inhibitory effects on algae in the lake water is determined to excellent. Further, when applied to a complex of lanthanum in lake water to a standard 48 hours Acute Toxicity Method of toxicity were measured, and the results for the toxic effect was not observed.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.144-156
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• 2012

This paper discusses the methods of estimating the punch penetration indices and data analysis punch penetration test to estimate the TBM normal force and penetration rate. In punch penetration test is known as a useful test to estimate penetration rates and normal force of TBMs directly with several slope indices indicated drill-ability and brittleness of rocks. However, the standard methods and indices for punch penetration test are not suggested yet. The main purpose of punch penetration test which is prediction of normal force of TBM disc cutter when cutters excavate rock mass. In this study, the punch penetration tests were performed for 6 representative Korean rock types and variety length and diameter of rock core specimens. Among slope indices were obtained from punch penetration test, PLI and MLI which is suggested in this study show high correlation with cutter force measured by full-scale cutting test. The results show that the predicted normal force of a single disc cutter and the experimental error was 10%. Based on these results, it is concluded that punch penetration test is reliable laboratory test for estimating thrust and penetration rates of TBM.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.734-741
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• 2016

Lily (Lilium davidii) is a high-yielding flowering plant. Besides roses and chrysanthemums, lily bulbs have long been used as food and in oriental medicine. However, the usage and value of cut lily bulbs has not been recognized. A bulb whose yield has been decreased is called a waste bulb, and a large amount of such bulbs is discarded every year. In this study, the functionality of waste bulbs from cut lilies was investigated to explore their potential use as a value-added product. We divided lily bulbs into two groups, one group with six varieties of new bulbs (Medusa, Siberia, Woori Tower, Yelloween, Le Reve, and Morning Star) used for cultivation and the other group with six varieties of waste bulbs (Medusa, Siberia, Woori Tower, Yelloween, Sorbonne, and Sheila). Physiological activities (${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH) and 3-ethlbenzthiazolne-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capability and tyrosinase inhibiting activity), the amount of total as well as eight individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, rutin hydrate, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol 3-O-${\beta}$-rutinoside, phloridzin dihydrate, myricetin, and quercetin), and total flavonoid content were measured in the bulbs by high performance liquid chromatography. We detected high amounts of total phenol and total flavonoid as well as high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. More tyrosinase inhibiting activity was detected in the new bulbs than in the waste bulbs. However, both the new and waste bulbs showed a higher inhibitory activity than the standard (100 ppm ascorbic acid). Although the content of phenolic compounds differed among varieties, under the conditions of the experiment, the most abundant phenolics were epicatechins, followed by chlorogenic acid, and rutins. Overall, the waste bulbs had a higher content of these compounds than the new bulbs. Based on these results, we concluded that bulbs from cut lilies could be used as functional foods in the future and farmers could expect economic gain from the hitherto neglected waste bulbs.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

Mountain and hill areas occupy by more than 70% in South Korea and Rock drilling should be applied in order to reduce noisy & vibration from massive civil engineering business such as road expansion, high-way construction, subway construction and construction of site renovation such as a newly-built & re-development of apartment, newly-built of high-rising building in downtown area. As Blasting noise & vibration such as vibration, noise, fly rock etc caused by blasting operation from large small scale construction occurs, neighboring residents who demand the compensation file a civil complaint so that the business reach a deadlock. As the excavation method for these areas, There are blasting of micro-vibration, mechanical excavation method(Rock splitter, Breaker etc), similar blasting method(plasma, gel fragmentation etc) to date. In this study, we are trying to find the feature & performance which get improved economic feasibility & construct ability through improving sympathetic detonation of New KINECKER-I used in blasting of micro-vibration & formulation and would provide convenience for use by introducing standard blasting pattern & construction method. Also, checked and confirmed all the blasting with connecting cap has been cleary detonated.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.344-352
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• 2020

Objectives: Much attention has been paid to indoor air quality. Ventilation within schools is important because of indoor air quality and its effect on health and learning performance. In this study, we evaluated the carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations and ventilation rates in schools. Methods: This study measured the concentration of CO₂ in elementary, middle, and high school classrooms over six months. The seasons during the study were summer, fall, and winter. Sensor-based monitoring was used and the basic characteristics of the classroom were investigated. The body surface area of the students was used to calculate the CO₂ generation rate, and the air change per hour (ACH) was evaluated using mass balance modeling. Results: The average CO₂ concentration measured in most schools exceeded 1000 ppm. The ventilation rates varied from season to season. Compared to the recommended ventilation rate of 4.9 ACH, the roughly 3 ACH calculated in this study indicates that most schools possessed insufficient ventilation. Conclusions: The concentration of CO₂ in school classrooms could be an indicator of indoor air quality and can affect students' learning ability. In this study, CO₂ concentrations exceeding the standard indicate a lack of ventilation along with problems with indoor air quality. Therefore, appropriate improvements are needed to overcome these problems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.99-113
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• 2020

In the future, robots and drones for the convenience of our lives in everyday life will increase. As a method for controlling this, a remote control or a human voice method is most commonly used. However, the remote control needs to be operated by a person and can not ignore ambient noise in the case of voice. In this paper, we propose an economical attitude information acquisition method to accurately acquire the posture information of the arm in real time under the assumption that the surround drones or robots can be controlled wirelessly with the posture information of the arm. For this purpose, the extended Kalman filter was used to eliminate the noise of the arm position information. in order to detect the arm movement, a low cost MEMS type sensor was applied to secure the economical efficiency of the apparatus. To increase the wear ability of the arm, We developed a compact and lightweight attitude information acquisition system by integrating all functions into one chip as much as possible. As a result, the real-time performance of 1 ms was secured and the extended Kalman filter was applied to acquire the accurate attitude information of the arm with noise removed and display the attitude information of the arm in real time. This provides a basis for generating commands using real-time attitude information of the arm.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

Lactic acid-producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp. function to ferment carbohydrates and produce ATP. Such Lactobacillus spp. are used for the production of commercial yogurts. Lactobacillus spp. are beneficial to the intestinal tract, and Lactobacillus acidophilus-containing yogurts have received considerable attention because of their preventive effects against early-stage cancer of the large intestine. In this study, lactic acid-producing bacteria were cultured from three different groups: commercial solid yogurt (for eating), commercial liquid yogurt (for drinking), and Lactobacillus acidophilus-containing yogurt. We first determined the optimum culture conditions for Lactobacillus spp. and then analyzed turbidity and pH in order to compare the growth abilities and lactic acid-production capacities among the groups. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the lactic acid content in the culture supernatants, and the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were compared among the three groups. The optimum culture conditions for Lactobacillus spp. were MRS medium at $25^{\circ}C$, for 24 h. The highest turbidity was found in L. acidophilus-containing yogurt, followed by liquid yogurt and solid yogurt. Similarly, the highest lactic acid production ability was found in L. acidophilus-containing yogurt, followed by liquid yogurt and solid yogurt. Culture supernatants from the three groups did not show any antibacterial activity towards S. aureus; however, supernatants derived from L. acidophilus-containing yogurt resulted in a 1.8 mm inhibitory zone against E. coli in a paper disk diffusion test. These results revealed the high level of lactic acid-production capacity and antibacterial activity in L. acidophilus-containing yogurt.