• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2014

This study is attempted to realize an improved computation performance by combining the MPI (Message Passing Interface) Technique, a standard model of the parallel programming in the distributed memory environment, with the DHM(Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model), a inundation analysis model. With parallelizing inundation model, it compared with the existing calculation method about the results of applications to complicate and required long computing time problems. In addition, it attempted to prove the capability to estimate inundation extent, depth and speed-up computing time due to the flooding in protected lowlands and to validate the applicability of the parallel model to the actual flooding analysis by simulating based on various inundation scenarios. To verify the model developed in this study, it was applied to a hypothetical two-dimensional protected land and a real flooding case, and then actually verified the applicability of this model. As a result of this application, this model shows that the improvement effectiveness of calculation time is better up to the maximum of about 41% to 48% in using multi cores than a single core based on the same accuracy. The flood analysis model using the parallel technique in this study can be used for calculating flooding water depth, flooding areas, propagation speed of flooding waves, etc. with a shorter runtime with applying multi cores, and is expected to be actually used for promptly predicting real time flood forecasting and for drawing flood risk maps etc.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1004-1011
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• 2016

Flavonoids, non-nutrient secondary metabolites of plants, are widely distributed in commonly consumed agro-food resources. Flavonoids include aglycones, and their glycosides are reported to have potential health-promoting compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate flavonoid glycosides in the fruit and leaves of Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder (jujube). A total of six flavonoids (five flavonols and one chalcone) were identified in jujube fruit and leaves by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry along with chemical library and an internal standard. In positive ion mode, six flavonoids were linked to the C- and O-glycosides which were conjugated with sugar moieties based on kaempferol, quercetin, and phloretin aglycones. Total flavonoid contents of leaves (8,356.5 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)) was approximately 900-fold higher than that of fruit (fresh fruit, 13.6 mg/100 g dry DW; sun-dried fruits, 9.2 mg/100 g dry DW). Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) and quercetin 3-O-robinobioside were the predominant flavonols in fruit and leaves of jujube. In particular, rutin had the highest content (6,735.2 mg/100 g DW) in leaves, and rutin is a widely reported bioactive compound. Phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside (chalcone type) was detected only in leaves. The leaves of jujube contain a high content of flavonoids and the results of this study indicate that jujube leaves may be a source of bioactive flavonoids.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1321-1329
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• 2007

Deer antler tissue contains the most rapidly growing bone in the animal kingdom. Thus, it is likely that growing antler tissue is a rich source of local paracrine bone-stimulating factors. Growth factors, at least the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), control the bone-remodelling process. In this study, we tried to isolate and purify IGF-I from fresh antler tissue by the routine isolation and purification of protein. The purification involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-60 ion-exchange chromatography, CM-Sepharose CL-6B ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-50 chromatography. Purified fractions from each step were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PACE), Dot-blot, and Western-blot methods. Furthermore, the quantification of partially purified IGF-I was calculated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using antibody to human recombinant IGF-1. SDS-PAGE analysis of the final fraction yielded two molecular bands and the signal band was at 12 kDa on the Western-blot film. This purified IGF-I fraction showed a peak at retention time of eight min. The quantity of IGF-I in 20 g deer antler tissue as starting weight was calculated using a standard curve to be 2910 ng/ml, and total IGF-I amount is 0.291 g. The results show that IGF-I, which can be found in deer antler, can be partially purified and quantified by classic protein isolation methods.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2016

Objectives: Acupuncture treatments are safe and effective for a wide variety of diseases involving autonomic dysregulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method for assessing sympathovagal balance. The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) spectral power ratio is an index of sympathovagal influence on heart rate and of cardiovascular health. This study tests the hypothesis that from rest to 30% to 50% of peak oxygen consumption, the nonlinear Conte-Zbilut-Federici (CZF) method of computing the LF/HF ratio is a more reliable index of changes in the HRV than linear methods are. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 healthy young adults. Electrocardiogram RR intervals were measured during 6-minute periods of rest and aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer at 30% and 50% of peak oxygen consumption ($VO_{2peak}$). Results: The frequency domain CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio and the time domain computations of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased sequentially from rest to 30% $VO_{2peak}$ (P < 0.001) to 50% $VO_{2peak}$ (P < 0.05). The SDNN and the CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio were positively correlated (Pearson's r = 0.75, P < 0.001). fast Fourier transform (FFT), autoregressive (AR) and Lomb periodogram computations of the LF/HF ratio increased only from rest to 50% $VO_{2peak}$. Conclusion: Computations of the LF/HF ratio by using the nonlinear CZF method appear to be more sensitive to changes in physical activity than computations of the LF/HF ratio by using linear methods. Future studies should determine whether the CZF computation of the LF/HF ratio improves evaluations of pharmacopuncture and other treatment modalities.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

Ground motion models predicting intensity measures on surface use a time-averaged shear wave velocity, V_S30, as a key variable simulating site effect. The V_S30 can be directly estimated from V_S profiles if the profile depth (z) is greater than or equal to 30 m. However, some sites have V_S profiles with z < 30 m. In this case V_S30 can be predicted using extension models. This study proposes new coefficient sets for existing prediction equations using 297 Korea V_S profiles. We have collected V_S profiles from KMA and Geoinfo database. Fitting six existing methods to data, we suggest new coefficients for each method and evaluate their performance. It turns out that if z ≥ 15 m, the standard deviation (σ) of residual in log₁₀ is 0.061, which indicates that the estimated V_S30 is nearly accurate. If z < 15 m, the σ keeps increasing up to 0.1 for z = 5 m, so we caution the use of models at very low z. Nonetheless, we recommend investigating up to 30 m depth for V_S30 calculation if possible.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.9
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• pp.598-605
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• 2014

In this paper, we suggest a modified slotted ALOHA algorithm for fast tag collection in active RFID system and implement the reader and tag operation using CC2530 chip of Texas Instruments Co. to prove the performance of the proposed algorithm. In the present international standard related with active RFID including ISO/IEC 18000-7 the reader sends sleep command to each tag after successful obtaining tag's information. Meanwhile, in this paper, the tags decide to sleep after checking the second command from the reader resulting in enormously decreased tag collection time. We tested the proposed algorithm with 30 tags over the range of 0-3m and the results showed that the tag collection process was completed in 400msec at average. And 30 tags are collected in one second with 99.7% and the collection rate is 100% in 2m distance between reader and tag. The collection rates are 99.94% and 99.7% for distance 2.5m and 3m, respectively. The average collection rate is 99.91% over all range and it is concluded that the proposed algorithm is enough to apply to real fields.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

The construction of new roads and the consistent extension of already-existing roads or the line-shape revision of those roads are increased with the governmental investment to SOC facilities currently. Accordingly, the road cut slopes are in the trend of rapidly increasing. As the road slope has increased, a lot of human and property damages has entailed consequently and in the local case, numerous studies have carried out aiming at minimizing this damages caused by the rockfall and landslide. In general, standard falling rock prevention facility has employed for most of the local road slope based on "Guide for Installation and Management of Road Safety Facilities" published by MLTM(the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs) but profound doubt has raised as to whether this rockfall prevention facility would function properly enough to prevent rockfall efficiently without any damages in case of actual occurrence of rockfall. In addition, it is a reality that in most cases, such work is relied on overseas technology as a whole as the local technical level is low and in case of rockfall prevention net, it is judged that a study on rockfall prevention net that is able to endure more powerful rockfall energy is required as the problem including net bursting is taken place as a result of enough bearing force being failed to be demonstrated due to its partial weak point(not uniformly made). Under this background, in this study, three kinds of model depending on mesh size of expanded metal that is considered to have an adoptability as rockfall prevention net, as target are selected and characteristics depending on mesh size of expanded metal is intended to be researched through a pull-out test performance by using pull-out test equipment rockfall prevention net.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1415-1419
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the safety of greenhouse horticultures, a large number sample sources were collected, and the fungi of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were isolated from them. Indirect competitive ELISA method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were applied to confirm the ochratoxin A producing abilities of isolated strains. One hundred ninety two sample sources including soil, pepper, strawberry and water mellon were collected for fungi isolation from western Gyeongnam, Andong and Gyeongbok. One hundred forty two strains of Aspergillus sp. and one hundred fifty three strains of Penicillium sp. were isolated respectively from them. The isolated fungi were tested for the production of ochratoxin A by ELISA. After culture of them on the modified sucrose low salt medium at $28^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, we found that five strains of Penicillium sp. produced ochratoxin A at the levels of $0.084{\sim}2.128\;{\mu}g/mL$. Among them, #129-2 strain isolated from water melon, showed the highest level of ochratoxin A as $2.128\;{\mu}g/mL$ broth. However, all of isolated Aspergillus sp. didn't produce ochratoxin A. When we compared the results of ELISA method with HPLC method, ochratoxin A production of each isolated strains showed very similar levels.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.639-647
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce a design methodology of data-centroid Radial Basis Function neural networks with extended polynomial function. The two underlying design mechanisms of such networks involve K-means clustering method and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). The proposed algorithm is based on K-means clustering method for efficient processing of data and the optimization of model was carried out using PSO. In this paper, as the connection weight of RBF neural networks, we are able to use four types of polynomials such as simplified, linear, quadratic, and modified quadratic. Using K-means clustering, the center values of Gaussian function as activation function are selected. And the PSO-based RBF neural networks results in a structurally optimized structure and comes with a higher level of flexibility than the one encountered in the conventional RBF neural networks. The PSO-based design procedure being applied at each node of RBF neural networks leads to the selection of preferred parameters with specific local characteristics (such as the number of input variables, a specific set of input variables, and the distribution constant value in activation function) available within the RBF neural networks. To evaluate the performance of the proposed data-centroid RBF neural network with extended polynomial function, the model is experimented with using the nonlinear process data(2-Dimensional synthetic data and Mackey-Glass time series process data) and the Machine Learning dataset(NOx emission process data in gas turbine plant, Automobile Miles per Gallon(MPG) data, and Boston housing data). For the characteristic analysis of the given entire dataset with non-linearity as well as the efficient construction and evaluation of the dynamic network model, the partition of the given entire dataset distinguishes between two cases of Division I(training dataset and testing dataset) and Division II(training dataset, validation dataset, and testing dataset). A comparative analysis shows that the proposed RBF neural networks produces model with higher accuracy as well as more superb predictive capability than other intelligent models presented previously.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.188-194
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• 2014

In this paper, an antenna which has quad band in LTE (0.746 ~ 0.798 GHz), GSM(0.824 ~ 0.960 GHz), DCS(1.71 ~ 1.88 GHz), WCDMA(1.91 ~ 2.17 GHz) is proposed. An antenna size is $122mm{\times}50mm{\times}0.8mm$ on FR4(${\epsilon}_r=4.4$) ground substrate. In the proposed antenna, branch line is applied to the conventional PIFA architecture to achieve multi-bandwidth. Coupling power supply is applied for a wide bandwidth. Result of the measurement is as follows. When the low frequency, the antenna presents gain of 0.93 ~ 1.92dBi, and radiation efficiency of 49.60 ~ 76.35 %, and When the high frequency, gain is 2.19 ~ 4.66dBi, and radiation efficiency is 60.40 ~ 80.01 %, and with a VSWR < 2 (${\leq}-10dB$)measurement results for standard satisfies all band. Judging from the result, proposed multiband antenna is expected to be applied. B4G mobile terminals since the antenna shows an outstanding performance.