• Title/Summary/Keyword: Perchlorate

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Acute Toxicity Test for Wastewater from Several Drainage Canals and Discharges Using Daphnia Magna (생태독성도를 이용한 공단배수 및 공장배출수의 독성도 조사)

  • Park, Dong-Gyu;Bae, Hun-Kyun
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.20 no.7
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    • pp.811-818
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    • 2011
  • Daphnia Magna Stratus has been widely accepted as useful species for estimating the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic invertebrate and recommended as species for the testing chemicals from the international guideline as well as Korean guideline. The study was performed for the acute toxicity test by using water flea(D. Magna) for effluents from several wastewater treatment plants and drainage canals in GyeongBuk area. Five heavy metals, 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate were tested. Most Toxicity Units(TU) of Industrial wastewater effluents were less than 1 which means effluent was not toxic to D. Magna. However, effluents containing 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate were significantly toxic to D. Magna. Therefore, facilities should reduce the 1,4-dioxane since new regulations will force them after the year of 2011.

The Discharge Characteristic of Micropollutants in Effluents from Major Sewage and Wastewater Treatment Facilities in GyeongSangBukdo (경상북도내 주요 하폐수처리장 방류수의 미량유해물질 배출특성)

  • Seo, Sang-Wook;Bae, Hun-Kyun
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.673-678
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    • 2011
  • Water samples from several wastewater treatment plants and two industry drains in Gyeongsangbukdo were investigated for concentration levels of micropollutants. Samples were taken totally four times from May to November of 2008 and tested for seven factors including pesticide, 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate which had been big issues for Nakdong river because of their contaminations. As results, 2,4-D, Alachlor, and BEHA were not detected while BEHP was detected at some sampling sites. 1,4-Dioxane and Perchlorate were also detected in wide ranges from several sampling sites. Therefore, continuous supervising and monitoring systems needed to be invested for proper management for micropollutants since those micropollutants could affect human health and aquatic system with low concentration levels.

Studies on the Crystal Structure of Benzidine Perchlorate by X-ray Diffraction method (II) Crystal Structure Analysis (X-線 廻折法을 利用한 벤지딘過鹽素酸鹽의 結晶構造에 關한 硏究 (II)結晶構造의 解析)

  • Koo, Chung-Hoe;Shin, Hyun-So;Kang, Man-Hyong
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.123-126
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    • 1970
  • The approximate crystal structure of benzidine monoperchlorate has been determined by single crystal X-Ray diffraction technique and patterson method. As the molecule has a center of symmetry in it and location of perchlorate ion is symmetrically on the mirror plane in the unit cell, perchlorate ion is forming hydrogen bond with two -$NH_2$ groups in the different molecule. Thus, one molecule of benzidine and perchloric acid combines 1:1 by mole ratio.

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Reactions of Thianthrene Cation radical Perchlorate with 1-Alkyl-4-Arenesulfonylaminobenzenes

  • Noh, Jae-Sung;Lee, So-Ha;Kim, Kyong-Tae
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.144-149
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    • 1988
  • Reaction of thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (1) with 1-methyl-4-benzenesulfonylaminobenzene (10) afforded thianthrene (5), N-(4-tolyl)-N-thianthrenylbenzenesulfonamide (14), 1-methyl-3-[N-(4-tolyl)-N-benzenesulfonyl-amino- 4-benzene-sulfonylaminobenzene (16), cis-thianthrene-5,10-dioxide (17), 5-(3'-methyl-6-benzenesulfonylaminobenzene)thian threnium perchlorate (18), and benzenesulfonate. In the meantime, reaction of 1 with 1-ethyl-4-benzenesulfonylaminobenzene (12) afforded 5, 1-ethyl-3-[N-(4-ethylphenyl)-N-benzenesulfonyl]a mino-4-benzenesulfonylaminobenzene (19), 1-benzenesulfonyl-amino-4-[1-(2-benzenesulfonyla mino-5-ethylphenyl)ethyl]benzene (20), and 1-(1-acetamidoethyl)-4-benzenesulfonylaminobenz ene (21). The formations of these products except for 18 and benzenesulfonate could be rationalized by assuming a sulfonamidyl radical as an intermediate.

Reactions of Thianthrene Cation Radical Perchlorate with N-(p-Methoxyphenyl)benzene- and Methanesulphonamides

  • Sung Hoon Kim;Jung Hyu Shin;Kyongtae Kim
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.509-514
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    • 1989
  • Reactions of thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (1) with N-(p-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulphonamide (14) in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded various products : thianthrene (3), N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulphonamide (16), benzenesulphonamide (18), hydroquinone (20); 5-(5-benzenesulphonamido-2-methoxyphenyl)-thia nthrenium perchlorate(21), 2-benzenesulphonamido-2'-hydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy biphenyl(24), 2-benzenesulphonamido-2',5'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy -biphenyl(25), and a traceable amount of p-quinone(23). The formations of part of (3) and (21) can be explained by either disproportionation or half-regeneration mechanism but those of the remainders by diverse reactions of sulphonamidyl radical (27) derived from (14) (through single electron transfer, followed by deprotonation processes). Similar results were observed from the reaction with N-(p-methoxyphenyl)methanesulphonamide (15).

Electrical Capacitance of Polypyrrole-Perchlorate and Polypyrrole-Naflon Film Electrodes

  • 엄재웅;백운기
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.349-352
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    • 1996
  • Electrical capacitance at the interface between electrolyte solution and conducting polypyrrole film electrode was measured by a simple electrochemical method. The polymer films were electropolymerized in the presence of perchlorate (PPy-ClO4) or Nafion (PPy-Nafion) anions as the dopant ions. Both polymers exhibited large double layer capacitances which were slightly potential dependent within the potential range where the polymers are conductive. The capacitance increased in proportion to the polymer thickness. The specific capacitance were about 10 Fg-1and 44 F g-1 for PPy-Nafion and PPy-ClO4, respectively.

Kinetic Studies on the Mechanism of Hydrolysis of 2-Phenyl-4H,5H-3-methyl-3-thiazolinium Perchlorate Derivatives (2-Phenyl-4H,5H-3-methyl-3-thiazolinium Perchlorate 유도체의 가수분해 반응 메카니즘에 관한 반응속도론적 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Rin;Lee, So-Young;Han, Man-So;Pyun, Sang-Yong;Lee, Seok-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.120-126
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    • 2000
  • The rate constants for the hydrolysis of 2-phenyl-4H,5H-3-methyl-3-thiazolinium perchlorate(PTP) derivatives were detemined by the use of ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer in water. The rate equations which could be applied over a wide pH ranges were obtained. On the basis of rate equation, hydrolysis product analysis, general base catalysis, and substituent effect, a plausible mechanism of the hydrolysis is proposed: Below pH 4.0, the reaction is initiated by addition of water, while above pH 9.0, Michael type nucleophilic addition takes place. In the pH range of $4.5{\sim}8.0$, these two reactions appear to occur competitively.

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Structure of a Copper(Ⅱ) Hexaazamacrotricyclic Complex : (1,3,6,9,11,14-Hexaazatricyclo[12.2.1.16,9]octadecane)-copper(Ⅱ) Perchlorate

  • Cheon Manseog;Suh Paik Myunghyun;Shin Whanchul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.363-367
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    • 1992
  • The crystal structure of (1,3,6,9,11,14-hexaazatricycol[12.2.1.$1^{6,9}$]octadecane)copper(Ⅱ) perchlorate, Cu($C_{12}H_{26}N_6$)$(ClO_4)_2$, has been determined by the X-ray diffraction methods. The crystal data are as follows: Mr=516.9, triclinic, ${\alpha}=8.572\;(2)$, b=8.499 (3), c=15.204 (3) ${\AA}$, ${\alpha}=80.42\;(5),\;{\beta}=73.57\;(3),\;{\gamma}=69.82\;(4)^{\circ},\;V=994.2\;{\AA}^3,\;D_C=1.726\;gcm^{-3}$, space group $P{\tilde{1}},\;Z=2,\;{\mu}=21.27\;cm^{-1}&, F(000)=534 and T=297 K. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to and R value of 0.081 for 1608 observed reflections measured with graphite-mono-chromated Mo Ka radiation on a diffractometer. There are two independent complexes in the unit cell. The two copper ions lie at the special positions (1/2, 0, 0) and (0, 1/2, 1/2)and each complex possesses crystallographic center of symmetry. Each Cu ion is coordinated to four nitrogen donors if the hexaazamacrotricyclic ligand and weakly interacts with two oxygen atoms of the perchlorate ions to form a tetragonally distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The Cu_N (sec), Cu_N(tert) and Cu_O coordination distances are 1.985 (14), 2.055 (14) and 2.757 (13) ${\AA}$ for the complex A and 1.996 (10), 2.040 (11) and 2.660 (13) ${\AA}$ for the complex B, respectively. The macrocycles in the two independent cations assume a similar conformation with the average r.m.s. deviation of 0.073 ${\AA}$. Two 1,3-diazacyclopentane ring moieties of the hexaazamacrotricyclic ligand are placed oppositely and almost perpendicularly to the square coordination plane of the ruffled 14-membered macrocycle. The secondary N atoms are hydrogen-bonded to the perchlorate O atoms with distances of 3.017 (23) and 3.025 (19) ${\AA}$ for the complexes A and B, respectively.