• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Functional aphonia refers to in which by presenting whispering voice and almost producing very high-pitched tensed voices are produced. Voice therapy is the most effective treatment, but there is a lack of consensus for application of voice therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the vocal characteristics of functional aphonia and the effect of voice therapy applied accordingly. Materials and Method From October 2019 to December 2020, 11 patients with functional aphonia were treated using voice therapy which was processing three stages such as vocal hygiene, trial therapy, and behavioral therapy. Of these, 7 patients who completed the voice evaluation before and after voice therapy was enrolled in this study. By retrospective chart review, clinical information such as sex, age, symptoms, duration, social and medical history, process of voice therapy, subjective and objective findings were analyzed. Voice parameters before and after voice therapy were compared. Results In GRBAS study, grade, rough, and asthenic, and in Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice, overall severity, roughness, pitch, and loudness were significantly improved after voice therapy. In Voice handicap index, all of the scores of total and sub-categories were significantly decreased. In objective voice analysis, jitter, cepstral peak prominence, and maximum phonation time were significantly improved. Conclusion The voice therapy was effective for the treatment of functional aphonia by restoring patient's vocalization and improving voice quality, pitch and loudness.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.649-655
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• 2022

In this paper, a determinant-based two-channel noise reduction method which utilizes speech presence probability (SPP) is proposed. The proposed method improves noise reduction performance from the conventional determinant-based two-channel noise reduction method in [7] by applying SPP to the Wiener filter gain. Consequently, the proposed method adaptively controls the amount of noise reduction depending on the SPP. For performance evaluation, the segmental signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the perceptual evaluation of speech quality, the short time objective intelligibility, and the log spectral distance were measured in the simulated noisy environments considered various types of noise, reverberation, SNR, and the direction and number of noise sources. The experimental results presented that determinant-based methods outperform phase difference-based methods in most cases. In particular, the proposed method achieved the best noise reduction performance maintaining minimum speech distortion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5229-5237
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• 2012

Occupational therapist is required for patient-centered approaches to actively seek the perspectives of patients and their families in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current trends and to suggest future-oriented view of examination and assessment used by neurological occupational therapist in clinical settings. Sixty-six occupational therapists who work in persons with neurological disorders participated in this study. The survey was measured from Seoul and GyeongGi by means of E-mail about commonly used assessment tools and selecting considerations. The participants were 66 neurological occupational therapists. The number of patients by one day was from 10 to 14 persons, and the length of time for initial evaluation was 20-40 minutes per one patient, and reexamination periods was every 1 month or as functional changes were detected. The using tool was not limited only neurological tools, and choice consideration was the reliability and validity of clinical measures. The most frequently used tools for adults were: JHFT for motor function in upper extremity, MMSE-K for cognitive perceptual assessment, MBI for daily activity assessment, and COPM for occupational performance. The most frequently used tools for child were: MVPT for cognitive perceptual assessment and Wee-FIM for daily activity assessment. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to integrate and associate patient-report, care-giver report, and results of performance-based assessment for estimating plan of care more quality.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 1998

Attentional processes facilitate cognitive and behavioral performance in several ways. Attention serves to reduce the amount of information to receive. Attention enables humans to direct themselves to appropriate aspects of external environmental events and internal operations. Attention facilitates the selection of salient information and the allocation of cognitive processing appropriate to that information. Attention is not a unitary process that can be localized to a single neuroanatomical region. Before the cortical registration of sensory information, activation of important subcortical structures occurs, which is called as an orienting response. Once sensory information reaches the sensory cortex, a large number of perceptual processes occur, which provide various levels of perceptual resolution of the critical features of the stimuli. After this preattentional processing, information is integrated within higher cortical(heteromodal) systems in inferior parietal and temporal lobes. At this stage, the processing characteristics can be modified, and the biases of the system have a direct impact on attentional selection. Information flow has been traced through sensory analysis to a processing stage that enables the new information to be focused and modified in relation to preexisting biases. The limbic and paralimbic system play significant roles in modulating attentional response. It is labeled with affective salience and is integrated according to ongoing pressures from the motivational drive system of the hypothalamus. The salience of information greatly influences the allocation of attention. The frontal lobe operate response selection system with a reciprocal interaction with both the attention system of the parietal lobe and the limbic system. In this attentional process, the search with the spatial field is organized and a sequence of attentional responses is generated. Affective, motivational and appectitive impulses from limbic system and hypothalamus trigger response intention, preparation, planning, initiation and control of frontal lobe on this process. The reticular system, which produces ascending activation, catalyzes the overall system and increases attentional capacity. Also additional energetic pressures are created by the hypothalamus. As psychophysiological measurement, skin conductance, pupil diameter, muscle tension, heart rate, alpha wave of EEG can be used. Event related potentials also provide physiological evidence of attention during information process. NI component appears to be an electrophysiological index of selective attention. P3 response is developed during the attention related to stimulus discrimination, evaluation and response.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

This study was conducted to clarify the effect of horticultural therapy on activities of daily living and interpersonal relation of institutionalized intellectual disabilities. The experiment was performed with 8 controls and 8 experiments of J institution in Yongdam, Jeju. Horticultural therapy program was performed once a week for 2 hours total 20 times from Mar. 2009 through mid July 2009. Evaluation in activities of daily living indicated that all functions except eating showed no change or worsened in controls, however, all functions except moving were improved in experimental subjects. Interpersonal relation evaluation showed no difference from 42.25 to 42.25 in control, but increased 8.62 points from 41.75 to 50.37 showing very significant change at the level of 99% in experimental subjects. Group activity evaluation increased very significantly at the level of 99% in physical/perceptual abilities, social interaction, cognitive ability, emotion status, and vocational interests. From the above results, horticultural therapy proved effectively in activities of daily living and interpersonal relation of institutionalized intellectual disabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.27 no.1 s.53
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• pp.141-152
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• 2005

This study focused on the relationships among leaf and smoke components and sensory properties following tobacco leaf blending. A completely randomized experimental design was used to evaluate components of leaf and smoke and sensory properties for sample cigarettes with four mixtures of flue cured and burley tobacco (40:60, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0). Eleven leaf components, six smoke components, and eight sensory properties of smoking taste were analyzed. A sensory evaluation method known as quantitative descriptive analysis was used to evaluate perceptual strength on a fifteen score scale. Raw data from ten trained panelists were obtained and statistically analyzed. Based on the MANOVA, clustering analysis, correlation matrix and partial least square (PLS) method were applied to find out which smoke component most affected sensory properties. The PLS method was used to remove the influence between explanatory variables in the leaf, smoke components derived from the results. High correlations (p<0.0l) were found among ten specific leaf and smoke components and sensory attributes. Total nitrogen, ammonia, total volatile base, and nitrate in the leaf were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with impact, bitterness, tobacco taste, irritation, smoke volume, and smoke pungency. From the results of PLS analysis, influence variables are used to explain about the correlation. In terms of bitterness, with only two explanatory variables, Leaf $NO_3$ and Leaf crude fiber were enough for guessing their correlation. In the distance weighted least square fitting analysis, carbon monoxide highly influenced bitterness, hay like taste, and smoke volume.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.329-340
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide the methods of harmony in color combination of environmental color for apartment in order to improve the image of the urban landscape. For this study, apartment in Iksan City was selected is a sample and twenty two apartments were analyzed. This framework of this study is A. Hard and L. Sivik's color combination model based on Natural Color System. This study examines various theories on environmental color perception and new approaches to color aesthetics, and tries to present perceptual properties that can be applied to environmental color design First, the principle of color harmony feeling in based on nuance and tone. Therefore, to control brightness and chromaticness with are related with nuance is important in color combination. Second, the aesthetic experience in color preception can be defined as a combined effect of similarities and differences of color attributes. Third, color harmony theory is one of the areas that can be benefit a great deal from and interdisciplinary approach, add empirical study such as this can be used as a basis for environmental color design and evaluation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.857-866
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• 2009

In this paper, a noise cancellation-method using microphone array for digital hearing aids is proposed. The microphone array is located around the ear of a dummy. Speech sound is generated from the forward speaker positioned in the front of the dummy and noise sound is generated from the backward speaker. The speech and noise are mixed in the air space and entered into the microphones. VAD(voice activity detector) and ANC(adaptive noise cancellation) methods were used to eliminate noise in the sound of the microphones. 10 two-syllable words and 4 sentences were used for speech signals. Babble and car interior noise were used for noise signals. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated by SNR(signal-to-noise ratio) and PESQ-MOS(perceptual evaluation of speech quality-mean opinion score). In babble noise condition, SNR was improved as much as $7.963{\pm}1.3620dB\;and\;3.968{\pm}0.6659dB$ for words and sentences respectively. In the case of car interior noise, SNR was improved as $10.512{\pm}2.0665dB\;and\;6.000{\pm}1.7642dB$ for words and sentences respectively. PESQ-MOS of the babble noise was improved as much as $0.1722{\pm}0.0861$ score for words and $0.083{\pm}0.0417$ score for sentences. And PESQ-MOS of the car interior noise was improved as $0.2661{\pm}0.0335$ score and $0.040{\pm}0.0201$ score for words and sentences respectively. It is verified that the proposed algorithm has a good performance in noise cancellation of microphone array for digital hearing aids.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.889-898
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• 2016

Virtual Bass System (VBS) is widely used to extend the lower frequency limit of small loudspeakers, which generates harmonics of a fundamental frequency. The perceptual quality of the VBS is highly dependent on the harmonic weighting strategy. There have been several weighting methods, including exponential attenuation and timbre matching. However, it is essential to match phases between harmonics in the original signal and generate harmonics to precisely convey the weighting strategy. This paper shows the limitations of the previous harmonic weighting schemes and proposes a new harmonic weighting scheme. The proposed weighting scheme proposes phase matching between the original and generated harmonics and varies the slope of the attenuation weighting dynamically according to the missing fundamental frequency. Objective and subjective tests show that the proposed harmonic weighting scheme provides more natural and effective bass perception in a limited situation than the conventional schemes, which implies that the phase matching is essential for the high quality bass enhancement.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

Objectives: Since 80% of the information we get from the environment comes in through our eyes (Anshel JR, 1999), uncorrected visual problems negatively affect children's educational process and perceptual development. The objectives of this study were: 1st, to document the prevalence of learning related vision problem in primary school children. 2nd, to compare responses of children with those of parents on visual symptoms. Lastly, to determine if there is an association between visual symptoms and academic performance. Methods: We administered visual-symptom quality of life questionnaire developed by Oklahoma College of Optometry in Vision Development to 1031 primary school children and their parent. Visual symptoms responded by children and their parents were compared using Independent Sample t-test and the relation between visual symptoms and academic performance were calculated using Pearson Correlation tests. Results and Conclusions: The number of children who need further professional evaluation, that is visual-symptom scores were ${\geq}20$, reported by children(25%) was greater than that reported by parents(16%). And visual-symptom scores reported by children were significantly higher than those reported by parents in every grade(p<0.01, p<0.001). Visual symptoms reported by both children and parents were found to be inversely correlated to academic performance in every academic area and most of their correlations were statistically significant(p<0.05). Therefore, children with more visual-symptom reported by both group had negative effects on children's academic performance.