• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.60-70
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• 2007

Green space infrastructures for three cities, Gwacheon, Uiwang, and Hanam, were analyzed in terms of the area of urban parks per capita, the percentage of green space area, the area of green space per capita, and the percentage of vegetation cover in residential area, etc., which are commonly used as criteria for urban green space planning. The differences in green space infrastructure among these three cities were compared to the satisfaction level of residents for their green space. The area of parks per capita corresponded to the satisfaction level when Seoul Great Park in Gwacheon and Misa Park in Hanam were not included. Although these two huge parks accounted more than 90% of the area of urban parks in Gwacheon and Hanam, they serve more people from outside the cities and not likely visited by residents due to lacking of daily accessibility. The percentage of vegetation cover in residential area were considered to affect the satisfaction of residents for green space, whereas the total area of green space or the percentage of green space area in the cities was not related to the satisfaction level. It suggests that the distributions and accessibilities of green space and park service are more important for satisfaction than total green space area indicating urban sustainability.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.908-910
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• 2003

In this paper the extraction method for the best suitable green vegetation area in urban area, Daegu, Korea, was developed using satellite images (1994, 1999, Landsat TM). For this, the GIS overlay analysis of GVI (Green Vegetation Index), SBI (Soil Brightness index), NWI (None-Such wetness Index) was performed to estimate the best suitable green vegetation area. Also, the statistical documents, algorithm and Tasseled-Cap index were used to recognize the change of land cover such as cultivation area, urban area, and damaged area. Through the result of this study, it is possible to monitor the large sized reclamation of land by drainage or damaged area by forest fires. Moreover, information with the change of green vegetation and the status of cultivation by GVI, but also moisture content by percentage by NWI and surface class by SBI can be obtained.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.116-121
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• 1998

Global land related datasets such as land use, land cover, vegetation cover percentage, forest cover percentage, are part of important global geospatial environmental datasets for global change studies. Since land cover varies place by place, continental production of dataset is a usual approach. Western academically developed countries have some projects to describe land cover related information in digital form using remote sensing technology in African, American continent and Oceania. In this paper, the author introduce his initiative to coordinate Asian scientists in order to develop land related dataset of Asia for our better understanding of the environment of Asia and for contribution to the development of global dataset. This paper explains activities by Land Cover Working Group (LCWG) of the Asian Association on Remote Sensing(AARS), Data and Information System(DIS) sub-committee of Japan national committee for the International Geosphere and Biosphere Program(IGBP), and the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS) Working Group IV/6 on Global databases supporting environmental monitoring.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2021

This study was carried out to introduce the forest cover types of the Baekdudaegan inhabiting the number of native tree species. In order to understand the vegetation distribution characteristics of the Baekdudaegan, a vegetation survey was conducted on the major 20 mountains of the Baekdudaegan. The vegetation data were collected from 3,959 sample points by the point-centered quarter method. Each mountain was classified into 4-7 forests by using various multivariate statistical methods such as cluster analysis, indicator species analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, and species composition analysis. The forests were classified mainly according to the relative abundance of Quercus mongolica. There was a total of 111 classified forests and these forests were integrated into the following nine forest cover types using the percentage similarity index and by clustering according to vegetation type: 1) Mongolian oak, 2) Mongolian oak and other deciduous, 3) Oaks (Mixed Quercus spp.), 4) Korean red pine, 5) Korean red pine and oaks, 6) ash, 7) mixed mesophytic, 8) subalpine zone coniferous, and 9) miscellaneous forest. Forests grouped within the subalpine zone coniferous and miscellaneous classifications were characterized by similar environmental conditions and those forests that did not fit in any other category, respectively.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to find an indirect method to estimate land surface temperature (LST) efficiently, using Landsat images. Agricultural fields including paddy fields have long been known to have multi-functions beneficial to the environment and ecology of the urban surrounding areas. Among these functions, the ambient temperature cooling (ATC) effect is widely acknowledged. However, quantitative and regional assessment of such effect has not been performed. Thermal remote sensing has been used over urban areas to assess the ATC effect, Thermal Island Effect(TIE), and as input for models of urban surface atmosphere exchange. Here, we review the use of thermal remote sensing in the study of paddy fields and urban climates, focusing primarily on the ATC effect. Landsat satellite images were used to determine the surface temperatures of different land cover types of a $44km^{2}$ study area in Cheongiu, Korea. The results show that the ATC is a function of paddy area percentage in Landsat pixels. Landsat pixels with higher paddy area percentage have much more cooling effect. The use of satellite data may contribute to a globally consistent method for analysis of ATC effect.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권3호
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• pp.408-421
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• 2014

이 연구는 경상남도 사천시 용현면 용치리 지역에 5년(2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012)동안 시공한 임도에 대하여 임도시공 후 경과년수에 따라 비탈면에 침입하는 식생과 식물상을 분석하였다. 조사대상 임도의 절토비탈면과 성토비탈면의 평균경사는 모두 $42^{\circ}$에서 $^54{\circ}$의 범위를 나타내어 급경사지였다. 토성은 2012년 개설된 임도의 절토와 성토비탈면만 양토이고 나머지는 모두 사양토로 나타났다. 조사대상 임도의 성토비탈면의 평균피복도(약 66%)는 절토비탈면의 평균피복도(약 49%) 보다 높게 나타났다. 절토비탈면에서의 평균출현종은 46종으로 성토비탈면에서의 평균출현종(50종) 보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 종다양성은 모든 임도에서 절토비탈면보다 성토비탈면이 더 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 절토비탈면에서는 2011년 개설 임도에서 1.4015로 가장 높게 나타났고, 성토비탈면에서는 2012년도 개설 임도에서 1.5603으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 균재도(Evenness)는 절토와 성토비탈면에서 임도개설년수가 짧을수록 높았으며, 출현한 식물종은 균일한 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.239-259
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• 1993

The vegetation types and distributional characteristics of the forest vegetation on Mt. Ilwol were investigated by the Z-M school method. Geographical distribution of the vegetation was a central/montane(CEMO) type of the Korean Peninsula subtype. The forest was classified into five vegetation units: Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae (Artemisio-Quercetum typicum subass. nov., Artemsio-Quercetum pinetosum dens~florae subass. nov. ). Lychno-Quercetum mongolicae (Lychno-Quercetum Calamagrostetosum arundinaceae subass. nov.. Lychno-Quercetum ligularetosum f~scherii subass. nov.), Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, Quercus variabilis community and Larix leptolepis afforestation. Species with percentage constance degree more than 61% are Quercus mongolica (89.5%, V), Lespedeza maximowiczii (73.7%, IV), Isodon japonicus(73.7%, IV), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (68.%, IV), Arlemisia stolonifera (65, 8%, IV), etc. Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae was chiefly distributed on the ridge lines of low altitudes (570~700m) and on the ground with exposed rocks in sloping surface (800~1, 000m). Both Fraxinus sievoldiana and Rhododendrou schlippenbachii of the Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae showed a predominant condition all over the subtree and shrub layers. Of Artemisio-Quercetum pinetosum densifloraes, Pinus densiflora becomes powerful over the tree layer and, on the other hand, Quercus mongolica over the subtree layer. Lychno-Quercetum mongolicae was distributed somewhat on the humid region of the high altitude area (840~1.200m). Fraxinus rhynchophylla community was chiefly distributed in the vicinity of the ravines. Quereus rariabilis community was distributed at subxeric slope on southeast side of the mountain. Larix leptolepis has been reforested at the ecotone between Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae and Lychno-Quercetum mongolicae. Percentage cover degrees of the subtree layer In Lychno-Quercetum mongolicae, Quereus rariabilis community and Larix leptolepis afforestation were relatively low, 15.3%, 5% and 2.5%, respectively.The contents of moisutre and organic matter in the soil were much higher in Luchno-Quercetum monogolicae and Larix leptolepis afforestaion than in the other communities. Contents o Ca, Mg, K and the available phosphorus were relaively high compared with forests of the other area. This result seems to be influenced by a forest fire. As the altitude increases, the moisure content in the forest soil also increases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

The tremendous growth of population and physical development in the largest urban agglomeration in Indonesia -the Jakarta Metropolitan Region, also known as Jabotabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tanggerang, Bekasi)- has created many environmental problems, such as land use conversion, increasing urban temperature, water and air pollution, intrusion of seawater, and flooding. These problems have become more serious as the urban green space (trees, shrubs, and groundcovers) has decreased rapidly with the urbanization process. Urban green space directly benefits the urban environment through ameliorating air pollution, controlling temperature, contributing to the balance of the hydrological system, and providing space for recreation and relaxation. Because there is little hard data to support the claim of decreasing greenery in Jabotabek, it is necessary to measure the amount of urban green space. The paper describes the spatial analysis of urban green space within Jabotabek through the use of a geographical information system (GIS). We used GIS and remote sensing to determine land cover change and predicted greenery percentage. Interpretation of Landsat data for 1972, 1983, 1990, and 1997 showed that Jabotabek has experiences rapid development and associated depletion of green open space. The proportion of green open space fell by 23% from 1972 to 1997. We found a low percentage of urban green space in the center of Jakarta but a high percentage in fringe area. The amount of greenery is predicted by the Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) model: predicted greenery (%) = [146.04] RVI - 134.96. We consider that our result will be useful for landscape planning to improve the environment of Jabotabek.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2021

Urban expansion, particularly converting sub-urban areas to residential and commercial land use in metropolitan areas, has been considered as a significant signal of regional economic development. However, this results in urban climate change. One of the key impacts of rapid urbanization on the environment is the effect of UHI (Urban Heat Island). Understanding the effects of urban land cover change on UHI is crucial for improving the ecology and sustainability of cities. This research reports an application of remote sensing data, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) for assessing effects of urban land cover change on the LST (Land Surface Temperature) and heat budget components in Ho Chi Minh City, where is one of the fastest urbanizing region of Vietnam. The change of urban land cover component and LST in the city was derived by using multi-temporal Landsat data for the period of 1998 - 2020. The analysis showed that, from 1998 to 2020 the city had been drastically urbanized into multiple directions, with the urban areas increasing from approximately 125.281 km² in 1998 to 162.6 km² in 2007, and 267.2 km² in 2020, respectively. The results of retrieved LST revealed the radiant temperature for 1998 ranging from 20.2℃ to 31.2℃, while that for 2020 remarkably higher ranging from 22.1℃ to 42.3℃. The results also revealed that given the same percentage of urban land cover components, vegetation area is more effective to reduce the value of LST, meanwhile the impervious surface is the most effective factor to increase the value of the LST.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.511-524
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 12년(2001-2012)간의 MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 토지피복 자료를 이용하여 동북아시아 지역에 대한 토지피복 유형별 통계적 점유율과 연변동을 조사하였다. MODIS 토지피복 자료의 공간해상도는 500 m이며 토지피복 유형의 수는 17개이다. 12년 평균에서 농지(36.96%), 초지(23.14%) 그리고 혼합림(22.97%) 3가지 유형이 분석 영역의 80% 이상을 점유하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 그 외 농지와 자연 식생의 혼합유형(6.09%), 낙엽활엽수림(4.26%), 도시(2.46%) 그리고 사바나(1.54%) 유형이 점유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 비록 자료의 사용 기간이 짧지만 단순회귀분석에서 상록침엽수림, 낙엽활엽수림, 혼합림은 유의수준 5%에서 점유율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 사바나 유형은 유의수준 5%에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 토지피복 유형이 매년 다르게 분류되는 화소의 비율이 10% 이상이며 토지피복 유형별 점유율의 연변동은 농지(1.41%), 혼합림(0.82%), 초지(0.73%)에서 가장 두드러지게 나타났다. 또한, 12년 동안 토지피복 유형이 1개로만 분류된 화소의 비율은 단지 57%이며, 나머지 화소들에서는 2개 이상으로 분류되었으며 최대 9개 유형으로 분류된 화소도 존재했다. 공간적으로 균질하게 1개 유형만 분포하고 있는 중국 동부와 북서부 지역을 제외한 전체 지역에서 토지피복 유형이 연도별도 다르게 분류되고 있다. 따라서 토지피복 변화에 소요되는 시간적 규모를 고려할 때 동북아시아 지역에서 MODIS 토지피복 자료를 이용할 시 주의가 필요하다.