• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.261-273
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• 1997

In this study, we compared the perceived level of daily hassels between korean and American children. The subjects of this study were 157 Korean and 121 American children in elementary school (5th grade), 156 Korean and 90 American in middle school(7the grade). Daily hassels scale by authors consisted of the school situation, family situation, self, personal relationship and extra situation stress. The main results were as follows; 1. Korean children experienced more stress than America children in school situation, self, persona relationship and extra situation stress. 2. The perceived level of daily hassels scores among Korean and american children are not significantly different by gender. 3. Middle school students experienced more stress than elementary school students in school situation. Especially for the Korean middle school students, school situation was the most stressful factor. 4. For the stress from personal relationship, korean children experienced more stress than American children in every items except problems with by friends and girlfriends. 5. For the stress from extra situation stress, Korean children experienced more stress than American children in every items. From the result, we suggest that educational programs to improve interpersonal relationship skills, self-concept and stress coping skills should be provided for Korean children. And more environmental and educational care should be provided for Korean children, too.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2002

This study was conducted to understand the degree and contents of stress which the mothers of high-risk infants can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to he nursing intervention program for these. Subjects were the 171 mother of hospitalized newborn in NICU of 1 University Hospital in Busan from June, 20, 2001 to September, 15, 2001, who agreed to take part in this study. The instruments used in this study were Parental Stressor Scale:NICU(PSS:NICU) developed by Miles et al. The questionnaire has 4 dimensions and 45 items ; sight and sounds of NICU(5 items), babies' appearance and behavior nursing intervention(19 items), parental role alteration and relationship with their baby(10 items), health team communication(11 items). The data was analysed as average, frequency, Standard Deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient by use of SPSS/PC+. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The total perceived stress level score of mothers of high-risk infants was slightly high(3.44±0.71). The highest scored dimension was 'appearance and behavior of the baby'(4.06±0.80), and next were 'relationship with their baby and parental role change'(3.55±0.98), 'sight and sounds of NICU'(3.22±1.01), 'communication with health team'(2.93±0.91). 2. The total perceived stress level score was significantly correlated with birth weight (F=2.35, p<.05). 3. In sight and sounds of NICU, the perceived stress level score was significantly correlated with nursing in the incubator(t=2.28, p<.05) and birth weight(t=2.26, p<.05). In summary, information about physical environment of NICU, birth weight and nursing in the incubator must be included in nursing intervention program of mother's of high-risk infants in reducing the patents stress level. And, it is suggested that there need to find the coping mechanism of mother of high-risk infants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1612-1619
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• 2013

This study is to investigate on the influence of mental health and job satisfaction on perceived job stress of financial companies. The subjects of research were total 132 working at the financial company in T and J city Gangwon Province from September 20 to October 15, 2012. The survey instrument used was 43-item scale for evaluating financial worker KOSS and 18-item scale for mental health, 12-item scale for job satisfaction. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Win17.0 program, ANOVA, t-test, pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple regression analysis. In a comparison of factors of Job stress and mental health demonstrated positive correlation and showed significantly. Job satisfaction demonstrated negative correlation and showed significantly. Also, for the financial workers solve the Job stress and support positive significant in there's job satisfaction, it need to nursing intercession to supply more better service and financial environment.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the factors influencing mental health among university students based on ecological perspectives. Method: The subjects for this study were 416 students in two colleges in K province. The instruments used for measurement were: Symptom Checklist (Derogatis, 1977), Ego Resilience Scale (Block & Block, 1980), Perceived Stress Inventory (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983), and Social Support Scale (Park, 2002). The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS program. Result: Ego resilience and perceived stress as intrapersonal factors and friends' support as interpersonal factor were the significant predictors of mental health. It was showed that these factors explained 47% of mental health. Conclusion: This study suggests that the factors influencing mental health are both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Thus, the findings of this study provide the basic data to develop a program for mental health of university students based on ecological perspectives.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify related factors of stress, social support and rehabilitation motivation of stroke survivors and analyze their relationship. Method: A sample of 106 stroke survivors completed face-to-face interviews. The levels of stress, social support and rehabilitation motivation were measured by the Neuman's stress, Multidimentional Scale Perceived Social Support and Han's Rehabilitation Motivation, respectively. The t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation were conducted using the SPSS 17.0. Results: The mean scores of stress, social support and rehabilitation motivation were 3.3 (SD=0.76), 3.2 (SD=0.88), and 3.4 (SD=0.49) respectively. Compared to stroke survivors who had no spouses, those with spouses had a lower level of stress (t=9.52, p=.003), a higher level of social support (t=7.32, p=.008) and a higher level of rehabilitation motivation (t=15.39, p=.001). The rehabilitation motivation was significantly higher in stroke survivors with higher education (F=5.00, p=.001), more monthly income (F=15.39, p=.001), greater income satisfaction (F=3.80, p=.026), shorter duration of disease (F=3.64, p=.030) and absence of dysarthria (t=6.81, p=.010). Stress, social support and rehabilitation motivation are significantly related with each other. Conclusion: The findings suggest that these significant factors should be considered when caring for stroke survivors.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among the degree of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support, stress coping strategies, and self-esteem in patients with PTSD. Methods : A total of 48 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD and 48 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated subjects using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ). We analyzed data using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results : In PTSD patients, total CAPS scores showed a significant positive correlation with HAM-A and HAM-D scores and a significant negative correlation with MSPSS scores. RSES scores showed a significant positive correlation with MSPSS and SCQ scores. MSPSS scores showed a significant negative correlation with PTSD avoidance and numbing and HAM-D scores. SCQ scores showed a significant negative correlation with PTSD avoidance and numbing. Conclusion : These results revealed that the better the stress coping strategies and social support, the lower the degree of symptoms in patients with PTSD. In addition, it was found that the higher the social support and self-esteem, the lower the degree of depression and anxiety. Therefore, in the treatment process, it seems important to identify and correct the self-esteem, social support system, and stress coping strategies of patients with PTSD.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliablity of the Korean version of the Global Assessment of Recent Stress(GARS) Scale developed for assessing the severity of current perceived stressors, and then to use the scale in clinical practice. Methods : The questionnaire was completed by 215 healthy subjects. A comparison was made regarding the perception of stressors among 242 patients(71 with anxiety disorder, 73 with depressive disorder, 47 with somatoform disorder, and 51 with psychosomatic disorder) and 215 healthy subjects. Factor analysis was done using oblique rotation after maximum-likelihood factor analysis. Results : Factor analysis yielded 1 subscale. Reliability was computed by administering the GARS Scale to 69 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest reliability for 8 items and the total score was significantly high, ranging between 0.85-.95. Internal consistency was significant(Cronbach's a for 7 items : .86). Convergent validity was computed by correlating the 8 items and the total score with the total score of the stress response inventory(SRI), the perceived stress questionnaire(PSQ), and the somatization, anxiety, depression, hostility subscales and general indices of the symptom checklist-90-revised(SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. Discriminant validity was computed by comparing the 8 item scores of the patient and control groups. Significant differences were found in area relevant to sickness or illness and the overill global area. The patients with anxiety disorder were significantly higher in area relevant to sickness or illness than the healthy group, whereas the patients with depressive disorder was significantly higher in the overall global score than healthy group. The depressive disorder group was the highest in overall global score of the GARS scale among 4 patient groups, and showed a significant higher scores in interpersonal relationship and overall global area than the psychosomatic disorder group. Conclusions : These results indicate that the Korean version of the GARS scale is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure of perceived stressors for research in stress-related fields. It is suggested that depressive disorder patients are more likely to perceive recent stressors than psychosomatic disorder patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.477-489
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• 2000

The purpose of study was to assess how hospital nurses practice their health promoting lifestyle and to identify affecting factors. The subjects were 286 nurses working at three general hospitals in Kwang-ju. The data were collected by questionnaire from September 1st. to September 10th, 1999. The instruments for this study were the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile developed by Walker et al., perceived health status scale developed by Ware et al., self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et al., and social support scale developed by Cohen et al.. The data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of health promoting lifestyle was 2.36. Interpersonal support showed the highest score(2.67) and health responsibility (1.92) showed the lowest score. The mean score of perceived health status was 3.07, self-efficacy was 2.62, and social support was 2.91. 2. The relationship between general characteristics of subjects and health promoting lifestyle showed significant differences according to duty cycle(t=4.15, p=.042), disease experience (t=5.18, p=.023), monthly income(F=3.13, p=.025), exercise frequency(F=9.12, p=.000), stress reliefe method(F=5.98, p=.000), job satisfaction(t=11.44, p=.000), and perceived fatigue(F=6.13, p=.002). 3. Health promoting lifestyle showed significant positive correlations with perceived health status (r=.2190, p=.0002), self-efficacy (r=.5137, p=.0001) and social support (r=.5181, p=.0001). 4. The combination of social support(27.1%), exercise frequency(10.4%), self-efficacy(8.8%), job satisfaction, perceived health status, perceived fatigue and explained 53.5% of the variance of health promoting lifestyle. Therefore, this study suggests that a replicate study is needed until more affecting factors other than health promoting lifestyle.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2012

Objectives : Perceived stress scale is a self-report inventory to estimate the degree of individual perceived stress in daily life. The aim of this study was to introduce this scale and test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of PSS. Methods : The total of 154 female hospital workers were included in this study. The survey questionnaires were conducted for demographic information. All participants were required to complete PSS, Hamilton Anxiety scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Reliability and validity studies were conducted and internal consistency was examined. Results : The mean score of the PSS reported in this sample was $20.69{\pm}4.56$. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.819, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.66. PSS had a significant positive correlation with the HAM-A(r=0.49, p<0.01), and the BDI(r=0.55, p<0.01). Factor analysis yielded 2 factors with eigenvalues of 3.924 and 2.608, accounting for 65 percent of variance. Factor 1 represented "stress" and factor 2 represented "control of stress". Conclusions : This study indicates that the PSS is appropriate for estimating the perceived stress levels. These results support the use of PSS in large sections of the population in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.105-120
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• 1994

The purposes of this research are to find out general trends of mother-adolescent communication and family stress to estimate the differences of communication patterns and family stress according to sociodemographic and communication variables and to analyze communication variables influencing on family stress. The samples were selected from high school students and their mothers and 342 couples were used in final analysis. Barnes & Olson(1982)'s parent-adolescent communication scale(PACI) and McCubbin(1981)'s family stress scale(FILE) were used to measure mother-adolescent communication pattern and family stress. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, Chi-square, F-test Duncan-test, multiple regression, Pearson's r, and Chronbach's α. The result are summerized as follows: 1) Mothers highly perceived mother-adolescent open communication pattern but adolescents highly revealed mother-adolescent close communication pattern. The general trends of family stress showed that adolescents stress is higher than mothers. 2) Communication patterns showed significant differences in mother's age, adolescent's sex and communication variables in mother's education and conversation variables. Generally when mothers and adolescents communicated insufficiently and were not satisfied with communication patterns family stress was increased. 3) Family stress was significantly different in communication patterns. Form the regression analysis it was found that communication patterns are crucial to family stress. Especially open communication pattern between mothers and adolescents was the most important among the communication patterns for family stress was reduced.