• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.699-709
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• 2002

Purpose: This descriptive study was aimed to assess the perceived benefits/barriers of exercise in community-dwelling adults in K city in Korea, and to provide a basic data for developing an exercise program for them as a nursing intervention. Method: The study subjects were 520 adults who lived in the K city. The data were collected from February 2 to March 5, 2002. The perceived benefits/barriers of exercise were measured by the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS). The EBBS was developed by Sechrist. Walker, & Pender (1987) and revised by Jang & Shin (1999). Results: The adults reported that the exercise benefits were moderately high and the exercise barriers were moderately low. A significant relationship was found between the reported level of exercise and the perceived benefits/barriers of exercise. Age, gender, marital status, education, residence type were significantly correlated with perceived exercise benefits/barriers (p<.05). Conclusion: Community health nurses should plan exercise programs that minimize the perceived barriers to exercise and enhance the perceived benefits of exercise. In addition, those exercise programs should be implemented in the consideration of several demographic characteristics of the clinents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.869-879
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived exercise self-efficacy and exercise benefits/barriers of Korean adults with chronic diseases, and the relationship between the two variables. For the study, 249 Korean adults with chronic diseases with ages ranging from 18 to 79 years were recruited from hospitals or health centers in five Korean cities and surrounding rural areas. The research instruments were the scales that researchers psychometrically verified the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, developed by Bandura (1997), and the Exercise Benefits/ Barriers Scale, developed by Sechrist, Walker, and Pender(1987). Results of descriptive analysis showed that Korean adults with chronic diseases perceived relatively low exercise self-efficacy and relatively high exercise benefits/ barriers. Exercise self-efficacy was significantly correlated with gender, education, regular exercise, and exercise benefits/barriers was significantly correlated with gender, regular exercise. Pearson correlation coefficient showed the significant relationship between the two variables. Further researches, which are a study to evaluate a causal structure for Pender's Health Promotion Model and an intervention study to increase physical activity of chronic patients, are recommended.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Understanding individual's intention, action and maintenance to increase fruit and vegetable intake is an initial step in designing nutrition or health promotion programs. This study aimed to determine stages of change to increase fruit and vegetable intake and its relationships with fruit and vegetable intake, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and perceived barriers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 348 public university staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire and two days 24-hour diet recall were used. RESULTS: Half of the respondents (50%) were in preparation stage, followed by 43% in action/maintenance, 7% in pre-contemplation/contemplation stages. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had significantly higher self-efficacy (F = 9.17, P < 0.001) and perceived benefits (F =5.07, P < 0.01) while respondents in pre-contemplation/contemplation and preparation stages had significantly higher perceived barriers (F = 4.83, P < 0.05). Perceived benefits tend to outweigh perceived barriers pre-ceding to taking action. Self-efficacy is important in motivating individuals to increase fruit and vegetable intake as self-efficacy and perceived barriers crossed over between preparation and action/maintenance. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had the highest adjusted mean serving of fruit and vegetable intake (F = 4.52, P < 0.05) but the intake did not meet recommendation. CONCLUSION: Intervention strategies should emphasize on increasing perceived benefits and building self-efficacy by providing knowledge and skills to consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables in order to promote healthy changes in having high fruit and vegetable intake.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine influential factors related to hand washing practice in dental hygienists by health belief model, one of the major predictors of health behavior including perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action. Methods : The subjects were dental hygienists in dental hospitals, dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals in Seoul. A survey was conducted from May 1 to September 30, 2011. Results : Analysis of health belief of dental hygienists in hand washing, they revealed the highest marks of 4.39 to perceived benefits, followed by perceived susceptibility(4.29), perceived seriousness(3.94), cues to action(3.30) and perceived barriers(1.81). The mean was 4.13 in hand washing practice. The senior and well educated dental hygienists in general hospitals had a tendency to wash hands frequently. It is statistically significant(p<0.05). In regard to the correlation among the subfactors of health beliefs, susceptibility had a statistically significant positive correlation to seriousness, benefits and cues to action, and seriousness was positively correlated to benefits and cues to action. Conclusions : It is necessary to develop and implement hand washing education program for dental hygienists focusing on perceived benefits and barriers which are two of the health beliefs affecting the hand washing practice.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2004

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting smoking cessation behavior of the university student smokers for developing the effective smoking cessation program. For this purpose, data were collected from 64 students registrated at the university health center for anti-smoking acupuncture through May, 2003. Data were analyzed with percentile, mean, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation by SPSS/PC program. The results were as follows ; There was significant relationship in the scores on perceived benefits(t=-2.05, p=.045), chance-health locus of control(t=-2.28, p=.026) and nicotine dependence (t=-1.96, p=.056) according to the grade. And also there was significant increase in the nicotine dependence in the higher grades. There were significant positive relationship between external locus of control and perceived benefits(r=.389, p=.001), perceived barriers and benefits(r=.457, p=.000), and significant negative relationship between the daily life activities and perceived barriers(r=-.350, p=.005). From these results, it can be concluded that the effective smoking cessation program could be considered of perceived benefits & barriers, and nicotine dependence to promote anti-smoking behavior for university student smokers.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between perceived exercise benefits/barriers, competence, depression, and wellness, and then to identify influencing factors on the wellness of traditional market traders. Methods: One hundred eight persons working in a traditional market participated in the study of questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: The scores were 2.82±0.66 for "perceived exercise benefits", 1.84±0.42 for "perceived exercise barriers", 4.68±1.56 for "competence", 9.60±7.56 for "depression", and 3.64±0.64 for "wellness". Regression analysis to identify factors affecting the wellness of traditional market traders showed that "perceived exercise benefits" was the most significant factor (β=.32, p<.001), followed by "competence" (β=.04, p=.009) and "depression" (β=.17, p=.039). The explanatory power of these variables for wellness of traditional market traders was 53%. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that perceived exercise benefits, competence and depression are significantly related to traditional market trader's wellness. Therefore, wellness programs should be developed to reduce depression and improve perceived exercise benefits and competence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7693-7699
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• 2013

Aims: A main reason for increasing incidence of cervical cancer worldwide is the lack of regular cervical cancer screening. Coverage and uptake remain major challenges and it is crucial to determine the perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, as well as the benefits of, and barriers to, cervical cancer screening among women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 369 women attending an outpatient centre in Malaysia and data were collected by administering a self-report questionnaire. Results: The majority of the participants (265, 71.8%) showed good level of perception of their susceptibility to cervical cancer. Almost all responded positively to four statements about the perceived benefits of cervical cancer screening (agree, 23.1% or strongly agree, 52.5%), whereas negative responses were received from most of the participants (agree, 29.9%or strongly agree, 14.6 %) about the eleven statements on perceived barriers. Significant associations were observed between age and perceived susceptibility($x^2$=9.030, p=0.029); between employment status (p<0.001) as well as ethnicity and perceived benefits (p<0.05 [P=0.003]); and between education and perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening (p<0.001). Conclusions: Perceived susceptibility, including knowledge levels and personal risk assessment, should be emphasized through education and awareness campaigns to improve uptake of cervical cancer screening in Malaysia.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.474-483
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• 2005

Purpose: This descriptive study was undertaken to explore the distribution of stages of mammography adoption and identify benefits and barriers perceived by women according to the stage of mammography adoption. Methods: A total of 227 women aged between 30 - 60 was selected by the convenient sampling in W city. The instrument developed by the researcher based on the scales of Champion(1993), Champion & Skinner(2003), and Rakowski et al (1992) was used. Results: The distribution of stages of mammography adoption was as following; precontemplation 30.7%, contemplation 23.8%, relapse 20.2%, action 14.4%, and maintenance 10.8%. Women in maintenance and actors showed high scores in benefits and low scores in barriers. Those in relapse reported high scores in both benefits and barriers, while precontemplators and contemplators showed high score in barriers and low scores in benefits. Conclusion: Despite the rate of mammography participation has increased, the proportion of maintenance stage is still low and that of relapse is high. For those in relapse, strategies to eliminate barriers hindering regular and continuous mammography are necessary. For precontemplators and contemplators, detail information including purpose, procedure and benefits of mammography should be given primarily.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the factors related to children's health behavior. Methods : A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for 431 (boys; 227, girls; 204) children, 6th grade students, in Taegu from December 14 to 18 in 1998. This study employed health promotion model as a hypothetical model. Collected data were analysed through the chi-square test, ANOVA, and path analysis. Results : By univariate analysis, in case of boys, health practice was related to perceived self efficacy, perceived health status, perceived benefits of health-promoting behaviors, and perceived barriers, and in girls, health practice was related to perceived self efficacy, perceived benefits of health-promoting behaviors, perceived barriers, and cues to action. By path analysis, in case of boys, the better economic status, the younger mothers' age, the higher score of family cohesion and adaptability, healthier, the more perceived benefits, and the less perceived barriers were, the more health behaviors were practiced. Girls did the more health practice, in case of living with parents only, the higher score of family cohesion and adaptability, the more perceived self-efficacy, the less perceived barriers, and the more cues to action. Family cohesion had the most important effect on health practice of primary school students. Conclusions : In order to promote health behavior of primary school students, a good family environment as well as health education might be very important. That is, we have to try together in home and as well as in school.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.511-518
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to obtain an understanding of the association of personality preferences and food behavior factors in middle school students. The subjects were 319 boys and girls in a middle school located in Kyunggi province. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess demographic factors, dietary habits and psychosocial factors including self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers. The MMTIC (Murphy-Meisgeier Type Inventory for Children) test was used to assess the personality preferences of the students. Sixty-seven percent of the subjects were extrovert, 53.9% were the sensing type, 76.8% were the feeling type and 81.8% were the perceiving type in personality preferences. The extrovert had higher self-efficacy than the introvert. The feeling type perceived more benefits and fewer barriers than the thinking type. The education levels of the parents, especially mothers, were positively related with self-efficacy and dietary habit scores of the students. The self-efficacy and perceived benefits and barriers were significantly associated with dietary habits of the students (explained variance: 17.9%). Results of this study presented the relationship of character types and parents' education levels on psychosocial food behavior factors and a need for the development of tailored nutrition education program considering these factors.