• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 2023

A research model was developed in this study from previous research to illustrate the relationship among perceived scarcity, assumed expensiveness of art products, perceived functional value, perceived symbolic value as well as purchase for self and others. 639 valid cases who have experienced NFT art products have been collected for data analyses. The R software has been chosen for analysis. The results have revealed that perceived scarcity was positively related to perceived functional value and perceived symbolic value, but it was assumed that the expensiveness of art products was not significantly related to perceived functional value or perceived symbolic value. Moreover, functional value was significantly related to the purchase intention of both self and others, while symbolic value only was significantly affected by the purchase intention of others. The results of this study have provided managerial implications for future studies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.774-788
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• 2010

This research is to understand luxury consumption values for luxury consumers. The aims of this study is to identify their luxury consumption values and the effects of the values on the perceived acquisition value. This study also divided data into two groups according to the difference between reservation price and actual price; positive reservation price group, negative reservation price group, and analyzed the effects of the values on the perceived acquisition value between two groups. In this study, we used structural models equation and results presented that the conceptual model was a good fit to the data. The empirical results suggested four dimensions of luxury consumption values; symbolic value, innovative design value, quality value and origin value. There were positively significant effects of symbolic value and quality value on the perceived acquisition value. The effects of innovative design value on the acquisition value was significantly negative. Two groups categorized by reservation price depicted the differences on effect levels of symbolic value, innovative design value, and quality value on the acquisition value perception.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.525-532
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• 2024

This study explores the impact of physical characteristics (e.g., shape, color, material, size, weight, technical features) of smart wristbands and smartwatches on consumers' perceived functional, aesthetic, and symbolic values using an extended technology acceptance model. An online survey was conducted with adult residents of the United States who had experience using smart wristbands or smartwatches. Participants were asked about various physical characteristics of products they had used in the past year or were currently using, and their evaluations of these characteristics. The results revealed that the shape of the front display shape significantly influenced symbolic value, with circle shape and square shpae showing significantly higher symbolic value than rectangle shape. Wristband materials also had a significant impact on symbolic value, with metal and leather showing higher symbolic value among various materials. Additionally, an increase in product size was associated with higher symbolic value. Moreover, certain technical features such as activity tracker, alarm clock, and distance tracking influenced perceived functional value, while functions like time display, GPS, and email influenced perceived aesthetic value. Pedometer, GPS, and email were found to enhance perceived symbolic value. These findings provide valuable insights into consumer preferences for smart wristbands and smartwatches, serving as valuable information for product improvement and new product development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.467-477
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationship among the destination attractiveness, perceived value and loyalty of Japanese tourists. In this study, 2 hypotheses based on literature reviews were employed. Questionnaire was also developed based on the previous study. Data were collected from Japanese tourists. Then the data and hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling(SEM) by AMOS. The results are as follows. Firstly, 'nature culture' factor has no effect on tourist perceived value. Secondly, 'convenience' and 'access' factor have positive effects on both functional value and symbolic value. Moreover, these factors have stronger effects on functional value. Lastly, tourist's functional value has a positive effect on loyalty while symbolic value has no effect on loyalty. The contribution and limitations of this research were discussed and the future possible researches were mentioned.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2021

This paper explores how the positive effect achieved when consumption value matches brand benefit can increase brand loyalty. Prior research on consumption value mainly focused on perceived value; these studies omit consumers' views of consumption value. Therefore, this study examines the effect of congruence between consumption values (functional, emotional, social, and ethical value) and perceived brand benefits (enabling, enticing, symbolic, and socially responsible benefits) on consumers' brand identification, trust, and loyalty. We find a positive effect on brand identification and brand trust when a consumer's value is similar to a brand benefit, particularly between functional value and enabling benefit, and ethical value and socially responsible benefit. However, congruence between consumption value and perceived brand benefit only had an indirect effect on brand loyalty by mediating brand identification and trust. This study provides a basis for implementing a marketing strategy to build brand assets and increase brand loyalty by providing consumers with the value they want in a diversified market.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.79-95
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of perceived risk and brand attitude on licensing brands comparing with non-licensed brands(virtual brand). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire in quasi-experimental design setting. I designed the experimental setting that there were two virtual companies to sell the luxury bags(symbolic goods) or cruise tour(experiential goods) and to launch their goods with own brand or licensed brand. The experimental groups were composed of women consumers who were familiar with consuming experiential goods and symbolic goods. Results from the experiment suggest that consumer's perceived risk on brands gives a negative impact on brand attitude. And congruence in goods types and licensed brand values leads to difference in the level of perceived risk. In experiential goods, brand licensing from famous and experiential brands can reduce perceived risk. But in symbolic goods, brand licensing effect which reduces the perceived risk is less effective than in experiential goods. This findings suggest that brand licensing may lower the level of consumer's perceived risk, but incongruity in goods type and brand value may result in strategic failure.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.507-526
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• 2017

To infer the true state of a regional product's attributes, consumers use the image they have of the product's region of origin; however, products may have multiple countries of origin in their design, branding, sourcing and manufacturing becuase more products are increasingly a result of multi-firm and multi-country efforts. We examined how the country-of-origin image (country image and product image) affect international consumers' perceived value (function value and symbolic value) and purchase intentions of made-in China goods by extending and deepening the flexible model. Second, to investigate the differences of COO effects according to different types of country-of-origin we divided the traditional country-of-origin into two components: country-of-manufacture (COM) and country-of-brand (COB). We then explore how the impact of China's country image on consumers' perceived value and purchase intentions varies when China is the COM or COB of the same product. Six hypotheses were proposed to test our anticipations. We recruited 800 Korean adult consumers who previously purchased made-in China products to participate in the online investigation. Data analyses were conducted with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. The main results are discussed as follows. First, the effects of China's COO image on Korean consumers' perceived value and purchase intentions vary when China is the COM or COB of a product. Second, a positive effect of the function value and symbolic value on the purchase intentions was found. Literature and practical implications of findings are discussed and suggested in the conclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1058-1073
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• 2012

This study examines the effects of collaboration type and brand sensitivity on consumer responses toward fashion collaboration brands. For this study, six brands of fashion collaboration were selected by collaboration types: collaboration with same industry (Uniqlo-Jill Sander, H&M-Sonia Rykiel, and Levis-Jean Paul Gaultier) and collaboration with different industries (LG-Prada, Samsung-Armani, and LG-Levis). A selfadministered questionnaire was developed based on the literature that mainly included brand sensitivity, consumer response (brand association, brand values, and purchase intention), and marketing strategic elements in the context of fashion collaboration. For collecting the data, respondents were asked to choose and assess a previously purchased brand. A total of 299 usable data responses were obtained from Korean consumers aged from 15 to 40 years old. The consumer response toward the fashion collaboration brand consisted of four factors: Emotional value, perceived quality, symbolic value, and brand association. The results showed that the collaboration type had the main effect on emotional value, symbolic value, and purchase intention. Brand sensitivity had the main effect on brand association, emotional value, symbolic value, and purchase intention. There was also an interaction effect on emotional value. With respect to strategic marketing elements, product differentiation, premium pricing, and value pricing had partially positive effect on consumer responses; however, promotion had a negative effect on consumer responses (e.g., perceived quality, and emotional value). In addition, collaboration type or brand sensitivity moderated the effect of strategic marketing elements on consumer responses. This study discussed a managerial implication to develop a strategic brand alliance to manage brand equity in the fashion marketplace.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Purpose - This study is an empirical study on the relationship of Thai consumers' attitude toward Korean Wave with the visit intention of Korean restaurants and a mediation effect of consumption value of Korean restaurants. Design/Methodology/Approach - Data were collected using a structured questionnaire of 245 Thai consumers and the hypotheses presented were verified by regression analysis and structural equation models. Findings - As a result of the empirical analysis, it was found that the higher the attractiveness and favorableness of Thai consumers for K-Wave, the higher the intention to visit Korean restaurants, and the Korean Wave attitude have a positive effect on the functional and symbolic values of Korean restaurants. In particular, the important result that can be presented in this study is that the better the attitude toward K-Wave, the higher the consumption value (functional/symbolic value) of Korean restaurants and the symbolic value plays a significant mediating effect on the relationship of the attitude of K-Wave and visiting intention, while the effect of functional value is not verified. Research Implication or Originality - These results means that in order to lead Thai consumers to a Korean restaurant using K-Wave, a strategy to make Thai ones perceive symbolic value of a Korean restaurant higher would be more effective. The main strategic implication of this study is that a high-end positioning strategy with a high symbolism, which make Korean restaurant as a suitable place as a means to show off one's value (or self) or as a means to show off one's social status (or role) to Thai consumers, will be relatively effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.120-128
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of relational benefits on perceived value in order to enhance customer satisfaction and win customer loyalty in the specialty coffee shop business. Structural equation modeling was performed and the structural model estimated with AMOS (ver 5.0). A total of 329 valid responses were used for data analysis. The findings show that confidence benefits among the relational benefits have a direct effect on perceived value. In addition, confidence benefits also have an indirect effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty from this perceived value. However, social benefits and special treatment benefits of customers had no effect on functional and symbolic value. In conclusion, establishing confidence benefits with the customer at the specialty coffee shop significantly influenced their perceptions of value, customer satisfaction, and loyalty.