• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.119-130
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is discovering the effects of virtual competitors on user in AR (Augment Reality) home training system. Specifically, the current research examined their effects on immersion, perceived competition, and leaning motivation. The paper tested three unexplored relationship. First, introducing virtual competitors in home training system will enhance user's immersion. Second, presenting virtual competitors in home training system will increase user's perceived competition. Third, virtual competitors in home training system will raise user's learning motivation. For empirical analysis, we developed home training system, which could check and give feedback automatically, based on user's posture. Using this AR home training system, the study empirically shows how and why virtual competitors affect users. The results give implications not only on service design; but also on the idea that virtual other could affect user's behavior.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-62
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• 2011

The goal of this study is to determine, based on survey results, the underlying factors that affect the intention of the farmers who have not adopted the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system for the rearing phase of pig production to adopt this system in the future. The research model for this study was con structed based on strategic contingency theory, the theory of the diffusion of innovation, and the technology acceptance model (TAM). Using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS), this study analyzes the effects of the intensity of competition, the environmental uncertainty, the innovativeness and self-efficacy of the individual farmers, and the impact of the credibility of the Agricultural Technology Service Center (ATSC), which acts as the principal agent of technology dissemination and as a leader of change, on the perceived usefulness of technology and the farmers' intention to adopt the system. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, with regard to the underlying factors affecting the intention to adopt the new system, the intensity of competition within the industry and the institutional credibility of the ATSC were inferred to underlie the perceived usefulness. Second, institutional credibility has a positive impact on the perceived usefulness of the system, and the perceived usefulness, in turn, has a positive impact on the intention to adopt. The perceived ease of use also has a positive impact on the intention to adopt. Because the factor that has the biggest impact on the intention of a farm to adopt is the credibility of the ATSC, it is crucial for extension organizations, such as the ATSC, to make greater efforts to promote the expansion of the HACCP system. Because farmers feel that the implementation of the HACCP system is an instrumental strategy for coping with the high intensity of competition within the industry, they attempt to gain a competitive edge through the production of safe livestock products.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-110
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• 2013

Due to the intense competition and low switching cost, to find out which factors will significantly impact on user's continuance intention is very important for mobile instant messaging (IM) practitioners. In this study, we adopted network externalities and perceived service quality as independent variables based on the definition of mobile IM service. Network externalities also include direct externalities (referent network size) and indirect externalities (perceived complementarity). The result of this study shows that referent network size has a critical influence on perceived usefulness and perceived complementarity has a critical influence on perceived enjoyment; perceived service quality, as we expected, has significantly impact on not only customer's satisfaction but also perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment. Meanwhile, both perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment have directly critical influences on customer's continuance intention.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.49-60
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• 2000

The proliferation of electronic commerce(EC) has led manufactureres to consider Internet based marketing as a salient candidate for strategic diversification of marketing channel. In this case, each manufacturer can build its own Web store or rent an existing special EC store. Such decision making of ‘build’ or ‘rent’ can be analyzed by a game model which derives the Nash solutions for price and profit considering degree of competition with other competitive manufacturers. In this paper, to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional linear demand function, we first propose a new linear demand function which incorporates not only the price difference between competitive products but the awareness of Web stores perceived by the consumers, then design the game models to analyze the characteristics of three typical types of marketing channel in duopoly market. Based on the Nash solutions of the game models, we analyzed the effect of the degree of competition and Web awareness in selecting the optimal marketing channel.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

Purpose - This study attempted to construct and validate a structural model of the relationship between the quality of medical services, perceived risk, reputation and customer satisfaction, which is the main concept of the relationship between large hospitals as well as small and medium hospitals and medical consumers. Through this verification, the small and medium hospitals are to find the way for wise coping in competitive situation with large hospitals. Research design, data, and methodology - This research developed a hypothesis by constructing a structural equation that reaches the satisfaction and the relationship between reputation of perceived risk and perceived risk of service quality perceptions of customers of small and medium hospitals. Research data were collected through a questionnaire survey of respondents who had medical service experience from small and medium hospital. A total data of 252 respondents were used as the sample for the final analysis and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23. Results - As a result, the relationship of quality of medical service, reputation, and customer satisfaction among small and medium hospitals was consistent with the results of precedent studies, and the perceived risk has a significant impact on reputation, so the greater the perceived risk, the higher the preference for reputable medical institutions as large hospitals. In addition, it was found that the direct route from perceived risk to customer satisfaction was not significant, and reputation was found to have a full mediating effect on perceived risk and customer satisfaction. Customers who use small and medium hospitals prefer to use reputable medical institutions if their perceived risk is high, which is different from risk perception when specific targets are specified. Conclusions - In terms of the effect from customer satisfaction, not only the path of perceived risk → reputation → customer satisfaction, but also the quality of service quality → reputation → customer satisfaction. These findings suggest that small and medium hospitals are appropriately responding to competition with large hospitals, rather than focusing on the perceived risks and reputation of customers in establishing and utilizing competitive strategies to create new customers and preserve existing customers.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.561-568
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• 2008

Due to the rapid changes in world trade and shipping environment, today's ports face ever-increasing competition, from adjacent competing ports. To this reason, port service quality has been recognized as an important strategy to take competitive advantage for those competition. In general, service quality has effect on customer loyalty, and customer loyalty is the resource to sustain competitive advantage which service providers or service producers. By improving customer loyalty, companies can get more benefits and added value. However, this causality qf port service quality has not been clearly identified. Thus, various empirical studies in relation to port service quality are needed. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of perceived port service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. To achieve this aim, we established 8 hypotheses based on SERVPERF in order to test correlations of 5 dimensions of port service, port service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. From the result of the hypothesis testing, we found that customer satisfaction and port service quality do not affect customer loyalty in spite of high effect of port service on customer satisfaction.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.63-85
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• 2016

Purpose While the popularity of C2C auction platforms such as eBay is gradually decreased, this domain is still undermined to explain online bidding behaviors. Online bidders sometimes engage in impulsive bidding due to some of the online auction characteristics. Therefore, this study develops and tests a model of the impulsive bidding exhibited by online bidders in C2C auction platforms. Based on S-O-R framework, our model posits that both perceived time-pressure and competition intensity affect cognitive absorption which ultimately influences the impulsive bidding. Design/methodology/approach This study collected survey data from 214 C2C auction participants, who have prior experience on impulsive bidding and tested both measurement model and structural model by using CB-SEM (covariate-based structural equation modelling) technique. In this study, by using AMOS 20.0, we tested the measurement model for its overall fit, item reliability, and validity and further conducted the structural model to test our proposed hypotheses. Findings Based on our results, we found that perceived tim-pressure and competition intensity were positively related to cognitive absorption. We also found that the cognitive absorption was positively associated with impulsive bidding behavior. In this study, by developing our research model in S-O-R framework, we provide an alternative theoretical mechanism to describe online impulsive bidding behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2012

Other-regarding preferences (such as trust, reciprocity and altruism) between companies, between consumers and retailers, and between employers and employees are integral elements in determining economic performance. Social trust which is a core element of social capital, especially, is known to reduce transaction costs, help solve collective action problems, and contribute to economic, social, and political development. Therefore, social trust has been given a great deal of attention across an array of academic disciplines for its role in promoting cooperation among individuals and groups, and for its positive influence on economic performance. Most studies describe Korea as a low-trust society than Japan or China. To identify the causes of social trust, this paper focuses on differences of social values (perception on competition and wealth accumulation) in 4 countries (Japan, China, Korea, and United States). Based on World Values Survey data, this paper analyzes effects of the social values on social trust. Social trust was measured by degree to which a respondent thinks that most people can be trusted. Perception on competition was measured by the degree to which a respondent thinks that competition is harmful, and perception on wealth accumulation was done by the degree to which a respondent thinks that wealth can grow so there is enough for everyone. The results showed that social trust was affected by perception on competition and wealth accumulation. A respondent showed higher level of social trust when he (or she) perceived positively competition and wealth accumulation. For enhancing social trust in a country, it is not easy to reduce income inequality and corruption which were reported as causes of social trust by previous studies. Compared to them, social values can be changed more easily by various concrete measures like education and mass-media. Differently from previous studies this paper stresses the concrete measures to enhance social trust in a country.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.451-456
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• 2007

Organizational abilities which assure human resource of excellent quality in enterprise and organization, manages human resource effectively and systematically will be depended on the performance and successful or not of enterprise. The organization which readies to accept changes will survive, the organization makes full use of changes to opportunity and strategy will be a winner. Now when the environment of enterprise is uncertain and environment of management changes, organization should manage HRM in strategic point of view to maintain persistent competition superiority. We investigated how outsourcing affected on organizational performance perception according to inducting BSC from the employees of metro. As a result of the investigation, outsourcing is perceived importantly in study, growth, internal process point of view, but didn't perceived in finance and customer. We guessed that outsourcing would be perceived importantly in financial point of view as a cost reduction. In 5 years from the beginning of metro, it seemed to be perceived importantly, as organizations grow older, perceptions of outsourcing are perceived low because of stabilization of organization and labor's resistance. It is why that the more outsourcing is performed, the more reduction of organization and decrease of employees is expected as much as cost reduction.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.67-83
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• 2023

Purpose: The beauty market is growing rapidly and becoming more competitive as new shops enter the market and offer similar products and services. The way for industries such as beauty shops to succeed in market competition is to understand customer needs and provide a marketing mix appropriate for those needs. Research design, data, and methodology: The survey was conducted for a total of 4 days from October 4 to October 7, 2023, and a total of 2,431 copies were distributed and 463 copies were returned. Excluding 2 copies with insincere responses, 461 copies were used for analysis. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 and SamrtPLS 4.0. Result: Product, price, promotion, people, and physical evidence influence perceived value, but place and process didn't. Product, process, and physical evidence influence reputation, but price, location, promotion, and people didn't. Perceived value influences revisit intention but did not reputation. Reputation influences revisit intention. Conclusions: First, beauty shops must develop beauty services that can satisfy customers' needs. Second, beauty shops must continue to invest in external facilities and interior design. Third, intangible service processes can help the beauty shop's reputation. Fourth, beauty shops need to maintain a balance between price and perceived value so that customers can be satisfied with the service experience.