• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.252-258
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• 1985

Aspergillus niger var. macrosporus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum 및 Penicillium spinulosum의 곰팡이를 배양 온도 및 배양 기간을 달리하여 배양하고 이들 곰팡이가 생산한 지질량과 지질의 지방산 조성을 분석하였다. 이들 곰팡이에 의해 생성된 최대 지질량은 Aspergillus niger var. macrosporus가 17.8%. Aspergillus fumigatus가 31 %. Penicillium notatum이 12.6% 그리고 Pen. spinulosum이 17.5%였다. 이들 균주가 생산한 지질의 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid였으며 Asp. niger var. macrosporus와 Asp. fumigatus는 전체 배양 기간 동안 oleic acid의 함량이 가장 높았으나 P. nota turn과 P. spinulosum은 linoleic acid의 함량이 가장 높았다. 그리고 지질의 불포화도는 Penicillium속이 Aspergillus속보다 높았다. 한편 지방산 조성은 배양온도에 따라 변화를 보였으나 대부분 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았는데 Aspergillus fumigatus와 Penicillium notatum에서 저온 일수록 linoleic acid와 불포화도가 높아졌다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제25권2호통권81호
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• pp.143-151
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• 1997

Aspergillus niger와 Penicillium notatum간의 lipase 우수 생성 종간 형질전환체를 획득하고, 유전분석과 정제를 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. P. notatum의 영양요구물을 확인하여 본 결과 Tyrosine 요구성임을 알 수 있었다. 핵전이를 위한 원형질체 형성 및 재생 조건에서는 Novozym 234의 농도 1%, 삼투안정제는 0.6M KCl, 효소의 처리시간은 180분 그리고 최적 pH는 5.8로 나타났다. 핵전이에 의한 형질전환의 빈도는 $1.3{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}3.8{\times}10^{-4}$으로 비교적 낮은 편이었다. 유전적 안정성, conidia의 크기, DNA 함량의 측정 그리고 핵염색의 결과 형질전환체의 핵형은 aneuploid로 추정되었다. 형질전환체의 lipase 활성은 모균주와 비교하여 $1.2{\sim}1.7$배 증가하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1975

Crude cellulases freshly prepared from cultures of Aspergillus niger, Prnicillum motatum, Trichoderma vride 16273 and Trichoderma viride 16374 were assayed on 4 different substrates including Na-CMC, cellulose powder, starch and sucrose. Enzyme prepared from A. niger contained highly active hydrolytic enzymes of the 4 substrates assayed. P. notatum [yielded relatively lower amount of cellulase but the extracts were also highly reactive on starch and sucrose. Trichoderma viride 16274 yielded very little cellulase and invertase, but the extracts showed a high degree of amylase activity. Trichoderma viride 16374, however, yielded collulase comparable to that of Penicillium notatum, but lower activities of amylase and invertase were seen. Commercial cellulases prepared from Penicillium notatum (cellulase[K]) and Trichoderma viride(cellulase[J]) indicated enzyme activities closely parallel to the crude enzymes freshly prepared from fungus cultures. The optimum pH's of cellulolytic activities of cellulase[K] and cellulase[J] were 4.0 and 5.0 respectively. The optimum temperatures of the cellulolytic activities of cellulase[K] and cellualse[J] were 4.0 and 5.0 respectively. The optimum temperatures of the cellulolytic activities of cellulase [K] and cellulase [J] were $60{\circ}C$ and $50{\circ}C$ respectively. Assuming the average molecular weight of Na-CMC is about 115,000, the Km values of cellulase [K] and cellulase[J] were found to be $3.3{\times}10^{-5}/nM$ and $3.3{\times}10^{-4}/nM$ respectively.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1985

Influence of vitamins on the felt and lipid production of Aspergilus niger var. macrosporus, Aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium notatum were investigated after 10 days of incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ under static culture condition. The felt of molds were lower in the media containing vitamins than control medium. The lipids produced by each strains were highest yields in media containing vitamins. Among of these Aspergillus niger var. macrosporus and Aspergillus fumigatus produced. 4.6g and 5.28g in medium containing inositol 2.5mg/l and 0.5mg/l, respectively; while Penicillium notatum produced 1.51g in a medium containing thiamine 10mg/l. The major fatty acid of lipids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Aspergillus niger var. macrosporus was lower palmitic acid in media containing vitamins than control medium, While linoleic acid was higher in media containing thiamine and inositol. Aspergillus fumigatus was lower oleic acid in media containing vitamins than control medium, While linoleic acid was higher in media containing vitamins. Peniillium notatum was lower palmitic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid in media containing vitamins but linoleic acid was higher. The composition of fatty acid of lipids changed depending on the media containing vitamins but hardly found a certain tendency except linoleic acid which was higher in a media containing thiamines and inositols. The degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in the lipids were comparatively higher in media containing vitamins than control medium.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.31-34
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• 1987

Effect of initial PH on the lipid accumulation and fatty acid composition of some species of mold were investigated. The maximum lipid content content produced by Aspergillus niger var. macrosporus was 17.5% at PH 3.5, by Aspergillus fumigatus 23.5% at PH 3.5 by Penicillium spinulosum 12.0% at PH 4.0 and by Penicillium notatum 7.3% at PH 4.0. The major fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid in all experimental molds. At PH from 4.5 to 6.0, the proportion of linoleic acid was increased and those of palmitic and oleic acid were decreased with rising in PH, therefore, degree of lipid unsaturation was increased in all experimental molds.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2008

Phospholipase B(PLB) families는 phospholipase(PL), lysophospholipase(LPL) 그리고 lysophospholipase-transacylase(LHA)의 활성을 공유하고 있는 효소이다. 본 연구에서는, 사상성 진균인 Aspergillus nidulans에서 최초로 lipase motifs를 보유하고 있는 단백질 Phospholipase B를 인코딩하는 유전자(plb A)를 클로닝하였다. plb A는 다양한 PLB 효소들의 lipase 보존영역들의 염기서열 정보에 근거하여 제작한 probe를 이용하여 A. nidulans genomic DNA library로 부터 분리하였다. Phospholipase B 유전자의 염기서열을 결정한 결과 626아미노산으로 구성된 단백질을 코드하고 있었다. PlbA는 Penicillium notatum의 PLB와는 72%의 높은 상동성을 나타내었으나, 다른 생물유래의 PLA와는 낮은 상동성을 나타내었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2003

Five cereal grains(wheat, barley, rice, maize and sorghum) were collected from three Egyptian provinces known to be grain producers(Daqahlia, Gharbia and Kafer el-Sheikh). Two species of Alternaria(A. raphani and A. tenusinae); two species of Aspergillus(A. flavus and A. niger); one species of Cunninghamella(C. elegans); one Dreschslera species(D. myakt); three Fusarium species(F. graminearum, F. moniliform and F. solani); one Rhizopus species(R. stolonifer) and two species of Penicillium(P. digitatum and P. notatum) were isolated from the grains. The densities of these fungi and their frequencies of occurrence have been investigated. All the fungal isolates were tested for the production of toxic metabolites in culture media and the percentages of toxigenic isolates were calculated. The biological assay of the toxigenic fungal isolates showed significant variations in toxigenic activity. Thin layer chromatography revealed that the most active isolate produces moniliformin in culture media. The effect of culture conditions on the production of moniliformin was studied.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

The microbiodeterioration of paper material like books, archival material, manuscripts both illustrated and written, decorative wall papers, etc. is a serious problem throughout the world in museums, libraries, archives, etc. where these materials are placed. The major ecological fungi from record materials of library with ancient achieves were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Neurospora sitophile. Mucor mucedo, Mucor rouxii, Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus delema, Rhizopus nigracans, Thanmnidium elegans, Tricodema viridae, Bacillus cereus. Bacillus megaterium, Enterrobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus auerus. This study was carried out to investigate the antigungal activities of essential oils. The Essential oils from herb were obtained by vapor distillation method, and the antimicrobial activities were examined with ten fungi & four bacteria. It was found to have activity against microorganisms isolated from a achieves stack rooms.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 1974

Four new compounds; 2,2'-methylene-bis [3, 4, 6-trichloro ${{\beta}-(o-nitroanilino)$ propionoxy} benzene]; m.p. $200{\sim}202^{\circ}C,\;C_{31}H_{22}O_8N_4Cl_6$ 2,2'-methylene-bis [3, 4, 6-trichloro ${{\beta}-(p-nitroanilino)$ propionoxy} benzene]; m.p. $168-170^{\circ}C,\;C_{31}H_{22}O_8N_4Cl_6$ : 2,2'-Methylene-bis [3, 4, 6-trichloro ${{\beta}-(o-chloro-p-nitroanilino)$ propionoxy} benzene]; m.p. $170.5-172.5^{\circ}C,\;C_{31}H_{20}O_8N_4Cl_8$ : 2,2'-Methylene-bis [3, 4, 6-trichloro ${{\beta}-(c-methyl-p-nitroanilino)$ propionoxy} benzene]; m.p. $163-164^{\circ}C,\;C_{33}H_{26}O_8N_4Cl_6$-were synthesized by Mannich reaction from 2,2'-Methylene-bis (3, 4, 6-trichloroacetoxy benzene) and their antimicrobial activities against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis Natto, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, Candida tropicalis, Rhodotorula glutinis, Pseudomonas ovalis, Aspergillus candidus Link, Aspergillus awamori Nakazawa. Aspergillus niger var. Tieghem, Aspergillus usami Sakakuchi, Penicillium notatum-were tested. 2,2'-methylene-bis [3, 4, 6-trichloro ${{\beta}-(o-nitroanilino)$ propionoxy} benzene] showed a strong antimicrobial activity against Bacilus subtilis Natto and Brevibacterium ammoniagenes.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1976

Three conmmercial cellulases prepared from Penicillium notatum(cellulalse[K]), Trichoderma viride(cellulase[J]) and Aspergillus niger(cellulase[A]) were nalyzed with respect to their relative purity, activity and the effects of several metal ions on their activities. The activity of cellulase[K] was the strongest of all and that of cellulase[A] being the weaker. The purity of cellulalse[K] was the highest while that of cellulase[J] was the lowest. Under the assay conditions, the optimum concentrations of $Zn^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ ions for the activity of cellulase[K] was the highest while that of cellulase[J] was the lowest. Under the assay conditions, the optimum concentrations of $Zn^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ ions for the activity of cellulalse[K] was the highest while that of cellulase [A] being weaker. The purity of cellulase[K] was the highest while that of cellulase[J] was the lowest. Under the assay conditions, the optimum concentrations of $Zn^{++}$ and $MG^{++}$ ions for the activity of cellulase[K] were 2 and 7mM while those of cellulase[A] were 5 and 6 mM respectively and those of cellulase[J] were 3mM for both ions. Cellulase[K] and cellulase[J] were more strongly activated by $Zn^{++}$ than $Mg^{++}$ and cellulase[J] by $Mg^{++}$ than $Zn^{++}$. Both $Cu^{++}$ and $Mn^{++}$ ions inhibited by these metal ions. the inhibitory effects of $Mn^{++}$ ions for enzyme activities were stronger than $Cu^{++}$ ions. The Ki values of $Cu^{++}$ and $Mn^{++}$ for cellulase[K] were found to be 6.1 and 0.7mM, those of cellulase[J] were 2.6 and 0.32 mM, and those of cellulalse[A] were 2.0 and 0.2 mM respectively. Both $Cu^{++}$ and $Mn^{++}$ ions showed a pattrn of competitive inhibition of the enzyme activity. When Na-CMC was used as substrate, the Km and V values of celluase [K] were calculated to be $2.0{\times}10^{-4}mM$ and 3.43mmoles/hour, those of cellulase[J] were $2.4{\times}10^{-4}mM$ and 3.77mmoles/hour, and those of cellulase[A] were $4.0{\times}10^{-4}mM$ and 4.00mmoles/hour respectively.