• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and backfat thickness of growing pigs. In an eight-week trial, a total of 120 cross-bred ([Landrace × Yorkshire]× Duroc) growing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 25.84 ± 1.60 kg were used. The pigs were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments based on body weight and sex. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON - corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (CON) + 2% molasses; and TRT1 - CON + 2% CMS. Each treatment had 12 replicates with five pigs (three gilts and two castrated barrows) per pen. Though there were no significant differences observed in terms of the growth performance and nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05), the backfat thickness in pigs fed 2% CMS tended to increase in week 4 (p < 0.1). Thus, 2% CMS could be optimal to replace molasses given that it does not exert any adverse effects on the performance of growing pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2024

This study investigated the impact of clay mineral 'illite' (IL) on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, and meat-carcass grade quality in growing-finishing pigs. One hundred fifty pigs were divided into two groups with fifteen pens/group and five pigs/pen, a control group that was fed with a corn-soybean meal-based diet and IL treated group were fed a meal-based diet supplemented with 0.5% IL. Compared to the control, IL supplementation increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and reduce gain to feed ratio (G:F) in the pigs during days 43 to 70 and 99 to 126 and increased dry matter during days 42 and 126, and backfat thickness on day 98 (p<0.05). The drip loss was reduced on day 7, meat firmness tended to increase with dietary IL supplementation. In summary, dietary 0.5% IL supplementation improved ADFI, nutrient utilization of dry matter, and firmness and reduced G:F and drip loss of growing-finishing pigs.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2024

Soybean meal (SBM) is a high-protein plant product commonly used as the primary protein source in pig diets. However, its price has been steadily rising, prompting us to search for cost-effective, high-yield protein sources. This experiment aimed to assess the effects of partial replacing SBM with 6% of palm kernel meal (PKM), lupin kernel (LK), rapeseed meal (RSM), and distillers dried grains solubles (DDGS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal scoring in growing pigs. A total of 200 (Yorkshire × Duroc) growing pigs with an initial weight of 34.83 ± 1.38 kilograms were utilized in this research for 29 days. All pigs were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments based on their gender and initial body weight, Each treatment consisted of 10 replicates with 2 barrows and 2 gilts per pen. The dietary treatments were as follows: control (CON), a corn-SBM-based diet; and basal diet supplemented with 6% of different plant byproducts (PKM, LK, RSM, and DDGS) Adding 6% of RSM to the basal diet showed slightly higher daily gain (2.520 > 2.513) and there was no difference observed on the nutrient digestibilty and fecal score. Replacing soybean meal with different plant byproducts has no adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal score.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.587-592
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation with bacillus-based probiotic (Bacillus subtilis, $1.0{\times}10^7CFU/g$; Bacillus coagulans, $2.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$ and Lactobacillus acidophilus, $5.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$) on finishing pigs growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content and to determine the optimal addition level of this probiotic preparation. A total of forty eight pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of $90.60{\pm}2.94kg$ were allotted to three dietary treatments (four pigs per pen with four pens per treatment) according to a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatment included: 1) CON (basal diet); 2) BP1 (basal diet+bacillus-based probiotic 0.1%) and 3) BP2 (basal diet+bacillus-based probiotic 0.2%). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. Through the entire experimental period, ADG was improved by 11% (p<0.05) in pigs fed diets supplemented with 0.2% bacillus-based probiotic compared to pigs fed the basal diet. ADFI and gain/feed were not affected by the treatments (p>0.05). Supplementation of bacillus-based probiotic did not affect either DM and N digestibilities or blood characteristics (p>0.05) of pigs. Fecal ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) measured at the end of experiment was reduced (p<0.05) when pigs were fed the diet with 0.2% bacillus-based probiotic. Fecal butyric acid concentration also decreased significantly (p<0.05) whereas acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations were not affected (p>0.05) when pigs were fed diets with added bacillus-based probiotic. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of bacillus-based probiotic can increase growth performance and decrease fecal noxious gas content concentration.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2019

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) wheat-based diets on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and meat quality of grower-finisher pigs. A total of 70 [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] growing pigs with an initial body weight of 26.15 ± 1.57 kg were used in a 112 day trial. The dietary treatments were as follows: (I) CD, corn-based diet and (II) non-GMO WD, a non-genetically modified organism wheat-based diet. Each treatment consisted of 7 replicate pens with 5 pigs per pen. In the current study, the pigs fed the corn-based diet had a higher body weight than the pigs fed the non-GMO wheat-based diet at day 21 and day 77 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the average daily gain (ADG) during the first 21 days (p < 0.05). The non-GMO wheat-based diet had no effect on nutrient digestibility. In addition, the non-GMO wheat-based diet had no effect on the blood profile except for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) at d 21. In conclusion, the non-GMO wheat-based diet only had a slight effect on the growth performance of growing pigs but had no significant impact on the nutrient digestibility, fecal score, blood profile and meat quality of the pigs during the grower-finisher period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.6
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on the behavior of growing Hanwoo heifers. Twelve Hanwoo heifers (13.2 months-old, 315 kg body weight; four heifers per pen) were assigned to three diets: a rice straw (RS) diet (concentrate mix and free access to RS), a RS and BF-based silage (RSBFS) diet (concentrate mix and free access to RS and BF-based silage), and a BF-based silage (BFS) diet (concentrate mix and free access to BF-based silage). Behavior was recorded for 5 days using camcorders. Compared to the RS group, the BFS group showed 21.7% higher dry matter intake, shorter feeding, rumination, and chewing times, as well as longer resting time (p < 0.05). Although all groups exhibited similar drinking, urination, and defecation frequencies, the BFS group exhibited higher feeding rates, rumination efficiency, and chewing efficiency than the RS group (p < 0.05). Compared to the BFS group, the RSBFS group showed higher $peNDF_{8.0}$ intake (15.2% vs. 25.0% dry matter intake), longer feeding and sitting times, lower defecation frequency (p < 0.05), and similar rumination efficiency. In conclusion, complete replacement of conventional RS with BF-based silage reduced rumination and chewing activity in growing Hanwoo heifers, and BF-based silage feeding with large-particle straw is an effective approach in improving heifer behavior.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.346-349
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• 2011

In this paper, we design a perceptually invisible dot pattern layout and its recognition scheme, and we apply the recognition scheme into a smart self learning aid for interactive learning aid. To increase maximum information capacity and also increase robustness to the noises, we design a ECC (error correcting code) based dot pattern with directional vector indicator. To make a smart self-learning aid, we embed the micro dot pattern (20 information bit + 15 ECC bits + 9 layout information bit) using K ink (CMYK) and extract the dot pattern using IR (infrared) LED and IR filter based camera, which is embedded in the smart pen. The reason we use K ink is that K ink is a carbon based ink in nature, and carbon is easily recognized with IR even without light. After acquiring IR camera images for the dot patterns, we perform layout adjustment using the 9 layout information bit, and extract 20 information bits from 35 data bits which is composed of 20 information bits and 15 ECC bits. To embed and extract information bits, we use topology based dot pattern recognition scheme which is robust to geometric distortion which is very usual in camera based recognition scheme. Topology based pattern recognition traces next information bit symbols using topological distance measurement from the pivot information bit. We implemented and experimented with sample patterns, and it shows that we can achieve almost 99% recognition for our embedding patterns.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.783-789
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate growth performance of weaned pigs using diets based on ideal protein of the Korea swine feeding standard (KFS) and US the nutrient requirements of swine (NRC). A total of 96 weaned (initial body weight of 6.12 ± 1.21 kg) pigs were randomly allocated into 2 dietary groups with 12 pens per diet (4 pigs·pen-1) in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were corn and soybean meal-based diets formulated by the KFS and NRC nutrient requirements estimates for weaned pigs. Experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks in 2 phases feeding program based on age: 1) Phase 1 = week 1 to 3 (21 days); 2) Phase 2 = week 4 to 6 (21 days). During Phase 1 and 2, there were no differences (p > 0.05) for the initial and final body weights between the KFS and NRC groups. Additionally, the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G : F) during overall experimental period were not different between the groups. In conclusion, weaned pigs fed the diet based on the KFS had a similar body weight and growth performance to those fed the diet based on the NRC. This suggests that the Korea swine feeding standard may be used for the diet formula of weaned pigs in Korea swine production compared with the US nutrient requirements of swine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.987-992
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of palm kernel expellers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs. A total of 88 weaned pigs ($6.94{\pm}0.76kg$ body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 11 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (sex as a block). The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 20% of palm kernel expellers (PKE). Pigs were fed for 6 wk using a 3-phase feeding program with declining diet complexity and with phases of 1, 2, and 3 wk, respectively. Blood was collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen before weaning and on d 7 after weaning. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 29 to 35 after weaning. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Measurements were growth performances, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and energy, white and red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, and incidence of diarrhea. The PKE increased average daily gain (ADG) (246 vs 215 g/d; p = 0.06) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (470 vs 343 g/d; p<0.05) and decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) (0.522 vs 0.628 g/g; p<0.05) during phase 2 compared with CON, but did not affect growth performance during phase 1 and 3. During overall experimental period, PKE increased ADG (383 vs 362 g/d; p = 0.05) and ADFI (549 vs 496 g/d; p<0.05) compared with CON, but did not affect G:F. However, no differences were found on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy between CON and PKE. The PKE reduced frequency of diarrhea (15% vs 25%; p = 0.08) for the first 2 wk after weaning compared with CON. Similarly, PKE decreased white blood cells (8.19 vs $9.56{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$; p = 0.07), red blood cells (2.92 vs $3.25{\times}10^6/{\mu}L$; p = 0.09), and packed cell volume (11.1% vs 12.6%; p = 0.06) on d 7 after weaning compared with CON. In conclusion, addition of 20% palm kernel expellers to nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal had no negative effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs.

• 인지과학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.333-349
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 인간의 시각처리 원리 및 블록기반 영상처리기법에 바탕을 둔 실시간 이동물체 추적시스템을 소개한다. 제안하는 실시간 아동물체 추적시스템은 인간의 망막이 갖고 있는 생물학적 메커니즘의 장점을 활용하기 위하여 광각렌즈를 장착한 CCD(Charge-Coupled Device) 카메라와 펜-틸트-줌(Pan-Tilt-Zoom) 카메라를 사용하여 줌인(zoom-in)과 줌아웃(zoom-out) 효과를 동시에 발생시킬 수 있도록 구성되었고, 추적의 오차를 줄이기 위하여 입력되는 영상을 개별 화소 단위가 아닌 여러 개의 블록으로 나누어 처리하는 방식을 채택하여 영상처리를 빠르게 함과 동시에 미세한 잡영도 제거하여 이동하는 물체를 실시간으로 효율적이고도 빠르게 추적한다. 제안하는 시스템의 성능을 확인하기 위해 여러가지 형태의 실험을 수행하였으며 분석 결과를 통해 제안하는 시스템이 미세한 잡영에 거의 방해를 받지 않으면서도 움직이는 물체를 빠르게 감지해서 펜-틸트-줌 카메라를 올바르게 제어함을 알 수 있었다.