• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2012

Glycosyltransferases are enzymes (EC 2.4) that catalyze the transfer of monosaccharide moieties from activated nucleotide sugar to a glycosyl acceptor molecule which can be a carbohydrate, glycoside, oligosaccharide, or a polysaccharide. In this study, a UDP-glucosyltransferase cDNA was isolated from Brassica rapa using a rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and subsequently named BrUGT. It has a full-length cDNA of 1,236 bp with 119 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a complete ORF of 834 bp encoding a polypeptide of 277 amino acids (31.19 kDa) and a 3'-UTR of 283 bp. BLASTX analysis hits a catalytic domain of Glycos_transf_1 super family (cl12012) that belongs to the Glycosyltransferases group 1 with tetratricopeptide (TPR) regions located between 165 to 350 bp. Expression analysis showed high mRNA transcripts in pistil, followed by petal, seed and calyx of flower. Moreover, expression analysis of BrUGT in Chinese cabbage seedlings under stresses of cold, salt, PEG, $H_2O_2$, drought and ABA showed elevated mRNA transcript. Furthermore, when BrUGT gene was transformed into rice using pUbi-1 promoter, overexpression was evident among the $T_1$ plants. This study provides insights into the function of BrUGT in plants.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.460-465
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• 1990

Asp.wentii와 Asp.nidulans의 원형질체 재생은 2-DG가 30$\mu g$/ml 첨가된 포자현탁액을 4시간 전배양 할 때 적당하였고 ergosterol, myoniositol, casamino acid, BSA가 함유된 CBE 재생용 배지에서 효과적이었으며, 30 이상 재생률을 나타내었다. 원형질체 융합은 10mM $CaCl_2$가 함유된 pH7.5의 30PEG 4000으로$37^{\circ}C$ 에서 10분간 처리했을 때 가장 양호하였으며, 융합빈도는 $8.2\times 10^{-4}$을 나타내었다. 가장 우수한 융합주인 FWN-56은 CMCase, avicelase, $\beta$-glucosidase 및 xylanase를 동시에 분비하였으며 친주에 비하여 활성이 2.3배, 1.5배, 1.8배, 2.5배 각각 증가하였고, 또한 MM에 4중 이상 보관 후의 segregant율이 1 이내였으므로 유전적 안정성은 높았으며, 분생포자 DNA함량은 1.4-1.6배였다. 또한 핵의 크기도 친주에 비하여 큰 것으로 보아 융합주임을 확인하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.435-440
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• 1989

Alkaline protease를 생산하는 Bacillus subtilis를 $100{\mu}g/ml$ NTG 처리하여 $Arg^-,\;Try^-,\;His^-\;Ade^-$ 영양요구성주를 분리하였다. 원형질체 형성은 대수증식기의 균체를 lysozyme $200{\mu}g/ml$로 $42^{\circ}C$에서 $10{\sim}30$분간 처리하였을 때 약 99%였다. 재생배지에 0.3M sodium succinate, polyvinylpyrrolidone 2.0%, casamino acid 0.5%, $10mM\;MgCl_2$ 및 $20mM\;CaCl_2$를 첨가했을 때 재생율은 25.2% 였다. 원형질체 융합은 40%(w/v)의 PEG 6,000 용액을 상온에서 $1{\sim}5$분간 처리시 약 $2{\sim}8{\times}10^{-5}$의 융합빈도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2010

Repeated oral administration of hydrochlorothiazide, a loop diuretic, due to transient high blood levels, may cause adverse effects such as gastric disturbance, nausea, high blood sugar, and hyper lipidemia. Transdermal administration could avoid some of these systemic side effects and gastric disorders. We have developed a matrix using ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), a heat-processible and flexible material, for transdermal delivery of hydrochlorothiazide. Drug solubility was highest at 40% PEG-400 volume fraction. Drug release increased as concentration increased with a linear relationship between the release rate and the square root of loading dose. Increasing temperature increased drug release from the EVA matrix. The activation energy, measured from the slope of log P versus 1000/T, was 11.9 kcal/mol for a 2.5% loading dose from EVA matrix. Diethyl phthalate had the highest plasticizing effects on the release of hydrochlorothiazide. To increase the skin permeation of hydrochlorothiazide from the EVA matrix, enhancers such as the saturated fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids, and the non-ionic surfactants were added to the EVA matrix, and skin permeation was evaluated using a modified Keshary-Chien diffusion cell fitted with intact excised rat skin. Polyoxyethylene 23-lauryl ether showed the highest enhancing effects. In conclusion, transdermal delivery of hydrochlorothiazide could be improved from an EVA matrix containing plasticizer and permeation enhancer.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2017

Wood pyrolysis oil(WPO) has been regarded as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. However, WPO is not feasible for use directly in diesel engines due to its poor fuel quality such as low energy density, high acidity, high viscosity and low cetane number. The most widely used approach to improve WPO fuel quality is to blend WPO with other hydrocarbon fuels that have a higher cetane number. However, WPO and fossil fuels are not usually blended because of their different polarity. Also, clogging and polymerization problems in the fuel supply system can occur when the engine is operated with WPO. Polymerization can be prevented by diluting WPO with other alcohol fuels. However, WPO-alcohol blended fuel does not produce self-ignition. Therefore, additional cetane enhancement to the blended fuel is required to enhance auto-ignitability. In this study, WPO was blended with n-butanol and two cetane enhancements(PEG 400 and 2-EHN) for application to a diesel generator. Experimental results showed that the WPO-butanol blended fuel achieved a very stable engine operation under maximum WPO content of 20 wt%.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2006

The aim of this work was to prepare tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt with improved physicochemical properties for transdermal application. Tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt was prepared in methylene chloride and its physicochemical properties were investigated by DSC and FT-lR. The broad peak of tenoxicam around 3600-3200 $cm^-1$ was shifted to lower wavenumber and more broadened. The characteristic endothermic melting peak of tenoxicam appeared at $223^{\circ}C$. The melting peak of tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt was shifted to $159^{\circ}C$. In contrast to relatively small difference in the partition coefficients of tenoxicam and the tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt, large difference in aqueous solubility was observed. $Crovol^{\circledR}$ PK4O (PEG-12 palm kernel glycerides) provided the highest skin flux for both compounds. The order of the enhancing effect of the various vehicles tested was similar for tenoxicam and tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt, which indicated that their enhancing mechanism for tenoxicam and tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt is similar. Tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt had a higher skin flux than tenoxicam by 1.2- to 31.7-fold, depending on the vehicles used. It is suggested that the vehicles with medium HLB value, 1 double bond, and lower ethylene oxide chain length have a better ability to modify the permeability of the stratum corneum and to promote the effective penetration of tenoxicam and tenoxicam-ethanolamine salt.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2002

Polymer based physical mixtures or solid dispersions containing solubilizing compositions[OA, tween80 and SLS] were prepared using a spray-dryer. Lovastatin(LOS), simvastatin(SIMS), aceclofenac(AFC) and cisapride(CSP) were selected as poorly water-soluble drugs. Dextrin, poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) were chosen as solubilizing carriers for solid dispersions. The solid dispersions containing solubilizing compositions without drug were prepared without using organic solvents or tedious changes of formulation compositions. This system could be used to quickly screen the dissolution profiles of poorly water-soluble drugs by simply mixing with drugs thereafter. In case of solid dispersion containing drug, organic solvent systems could be used to solubilize model drugs. The dissolution rates of the drugs were higher when mixed with drug and solid dispersions containing solubilizing compositions. However, solid dispersions of LOS, AFC, and CSP simultaneously containing drug and solubilizing compositions in organic solvent systems were more useful than physical mixtures of drug and solid dispersions without drug except SIMS. Based on solubilizing capability of polymer based physical mixtures in gelatin hard capsules, optimal solid dispersion system of poorly water-soluble drugs could be formulated. However, it should be noted that dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs were highly dependent on drug properties, solubilizing compositions and polymeric carriers.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2005년도 제25회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.417-421
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• 2005

Tetrahydrofuran(THF)과 Ethylene oxide(EO) 또는 EO를 단량체로 하는 양이온 개환중합을 이용한 새로운 두 가지의 합성기술로서 random 또는 tri-blcok HTPE(Hydroxyl-terminated polyether)를 합성할 수 있었다. 이들 반응은 $BF_3O(C_2H_5)_2$를 촉매로 하고 1,4-butanediol 또는 PTHF를 개시제로 하였다. 공중합체의 구조는 단량체의 함량비 또는 초기 PTHF와 EO의 첨가량에 의해 조절되며, 분자량의 조절은 촉매가 아닌 [단량체]/[디올]의 비로서 조절할 수 있었다. 실험결과 위 두 가지 random과 tri-block HTPE를 IPDI/N-100혼합 디이소시아네이트 경화제와 혼합하여 제조된 폴리우레탄에 적용하였으며, 추진제 바인더 제조를 위한 prepolymer로서 사용할 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.250-264
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• 1994

Omeprazole(OMZ)-cholestyramine(CHL) and various OMZ-Dowex resin complexes were prepared by reaction between OMZ and activated resins in 0.1N NaOH solution. And their physical properties were tested by means of infrared(IR), differential scaning caloimeter(DSC), X-ray diffraction. Chemical stability of OMZ-CHL was increased markedly compared with OMZ and the decomposition of OMZ-CHL followed the pseudo first-order kinetics and the rate constants were $2.743{\times}10^{-4}/day$ at $20^{\circ}C$, $7.83{\times}10^{-3}day^{-1}$ under 80% RH and $1.68{\times}10^{-2}day^{-1}$ under UV radiation, respectively. On the other hand, the rate constants of OMZ were $2.996{\times}10^{-4}day^{-1}$ at $20^{\circ}C$, $1.17{\times}10^{-2}day^{-1}$ under 85% RH, and $4.07{\times}10^{-2}day^{-1}$ under UV radiation, respectively. The rates of dissolution of OMZ-CHL bulk and OMZ-CHL tablet were 100% and more than 85% in 15 minutes, respectively, which were increased than OMZ base and OMZ-tablet. In the acute toxicological test, the value of oral $LD_{50}$(mouse) was 4.608 g/kg. OMZ-CHL was pelletized using lactose, polyethyle neglycol(PEG), D-sorbitol, Avicel PH 101, sodium laurylsulfate and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) K-30, and enteric coated with HPMCP, Myvacet, acetone, ethanol and cetanol, of which dissolution rate was found to be more than 85% in 10 minutes. From the above results, it was found that OMZ-CHL is a useful means for development of new oral dosage forms of OMZ.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.964-969
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• 1995

섬유성 biomass의 효율적인 이용을 위하여 CMCase, avicelase 분비력이 높은 균주(A. wentii MAW-598)와 ${\beta}-glucosidase$ (A. niger MAN-831) 분비력이 우수한 균주의 포자를 이용한 원형질세 형성.재생조건 및 융합을 실시하였다. 원형질체 형성 및 재생의 최적조건은 5일 성숙한 포자를 $30\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ 농도의 2-DG로 4시간 전배양하여 0.7M KCI 삼투압 안정제, novozyme(7.5mg/ml)+driselase(2.5mg/ml) 혼합효소로 5시간 반응시키는 것이 효과적이었다. 원형질체 융합 조건은 $CaCl_2$ 15mM, 25% PEG 4000, pH 5-7, $36^{\circ}C$에서 25~30분간 처리하였을때 효과적이었으며, 융합빈도는 $7.94\;{\times}\;10^{-4}$로 나타났다. FA-208 융합주는 친주에 비하여 각각 1.5, 1.3, 1.2배 효소활성의 증가를 나타내었다.