• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 1998

This is a clinical review of 2,191 pediatric surgical patients under the age of 15 years, operated upon at the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonnam University Hospital from January 1988 to December 1997. The total number of operations in the pediatric age for all specialties were 13,144(13.2 %). The total operations including those performed on adults were 99,555. The most common age group operated upon was under 5 year of age(44.4 %). The number of operations in Division of General Pediatric Surgery were 2,191(16.7 %) out of total 13,144 operations in all pediatric specialties. The patients under 1 year of age in general pediatric surgery was 42.9 %(941/2,191). The most common diseases in neonates were anorectal malformation(20.6 %) and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(20.3 %). Infants older than neonates most commonly were operated upon for inguinal hernia(32.4 %) and intussusception(19.6 %). The total mortality rate in the neonatal intensive care unit was 31.3 %. Gastroschisis had the highest mortality.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

Purpose: Constipation is a common pediatric problem worldwide. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric constipation in south Jordan according to gender and age group. Methods: All patients with constipation managed at our pediatric gastroenterology service between September 2009 and December 2012 were included. Hospital charts were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and final diagnosis were recorded. Data were analyzed according to gender and the following age groups: infants, pre-school, school age, and adolescents. Results: During the study period, 126 patients were enrolled. The number (percentage) of patients according to age were the following infants: 43 (34.1%), pre-school: 55 (43.7%), school age: 25 (19.8%), and adolescents: 3 (2.4%). Males made up 54.8% of the study population. There were no statistical gender differences in any age group. The most common symptom in all age groups was dry, hard stool. Infrequent defecation was found in almost one-half of the patients. Fecal incontinence was more common in school-aged children compared to pre-school-aged children and adolescents. Abdominal pain was seen in almost 40% of the constipated children. Abdominal pain was more prevalent in girls and older children. Fecal mass in the rectum was the most common physical finding, with constipated boys exhibiting higher rates. Functional constipation was the most common etiology. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics of constipation in children vary according to age group and gender. Older children had less frequent bowel motions, a longer duration of symptoms, and a higher prevalence of long-standing constipation compilations (fecal incontinence and abdominal pain).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.452-468
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate changes in dental service use among pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was performed by collecting information about the number of visits, age, gender, diagnoses, and treatments for patients at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Seoul National University Dental Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. Compared with the period from 2017 to 2019, the total number of visits decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a substantial decline in 2020. Patients in all age groups, except those aged 10 - 14, experienced decreased visits, and there was no significant gender difference. Z29.8 (need for other specified prophylactic measures) declined in all age groups, especially among those aged 0 - 4, except for those 20 years and older. K02.1 (caries of dentine) was sought by the age groups in the following order: 10 - 14, 15 - 19, 5 - 9, and 0 - 4 years, with the most significant decrease in the 0 - 4 years age group compared to others. K07.4 (malocclusion, unspecified) decreased in younger groups aged 9 and below but increased in older groups aged 10 and above. During the period from 2020 to 2022, preventive, restorative, pulp, and trauma treatments decreased, but surgical and orthodontic treatments increased compared with the previous three years. The use of sedation decreased and general anesthesia increased during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic. This study describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric dentistry, making it a valuable reference for future pandemics.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2009

Intestinal malrotation presents with different clinical characteristics, depending upon the age of the patient. The medical records of 44 patients treated for intestinal malrotation with/without midgut volvuls between January 2002 and August 2009 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were grouped by the age criteria of 1 and 12 months. Fourteen patients were under 1 month of age (31.8 %), 9 patients between 1 month and 12 months (20.5 %) and 21 patients over 12 months (47.7 %). Twenty patients (45.5 %) presented with volvulus. Vomiting (66 %) and abdominal pain (20 %) were the most common symptoms. UGIS (68.2 %) was the most frequent diagnostic tool. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 13.7 days. There were 7 mild postoperative complications. Volvulus was more frequent in patients under 1 month (p=0.025) than over 1 month. The interval between diagnosis and operation was shorter in patients under 1 month (p=0.003) than in patients over one month of age. In the age between under and over 12 months, volvulus was more common in those under 12 months of age, but the difference was not significant. The interval from diagnosis to operation was shorter in patients under 12 months than over 12 months of age (p=0.001). Vomiting was the most frequent symptom in patients under 12 months. On the other hand, abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom in patients over 12 months. In conclusion, patients with intestinal malrotation had age-related differences in the presence of midgut volvulus, the interval between diagnosis and operation, and clinical symptoms. The age of the patient should be considered in order to determine adequate treatment of malrotation.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2016

Purpose: To study whether breastfeeding and breastfeeding status during gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). In addition to study, whether the timing of gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of CD. Methods: It was a hospital based observational study. Total 198 patients diagnosed with CD as per modified European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (2012) criteria, aged between 6 months to 6 years were included. Detail history taken with special emphasis on breastfeeding and age of gluten introduction. Standard statistical methods used to analyze the data. Results: $Mean{\pm}standard$ deviation age of onset and diagnosis of CD in breastfed cases was $2.81{\pm}1.42$ years and $3.68{\pm}1.55$ years respectively as compared to $1.84{\pm}1.36$ years and $2.70{\pm}1.65$ years respectively in not breastfed cases (p<0.05). Those who had continued breastfeeding during gluten introduction and of longer duration had significantly delayed onset of disease. The age at onset of CD was under one year in 40.42% of the cases, who had started gluten before 6 months of age compared to only 12.58% of those who had started gluten later (p<0.001). The proposed statistical model showed that two variables, i.e., breast feeding status during gluten introduction and age at gluten introduction positively influencing the age at diagnosis of CD. Conclusion: Delayed gluten introduction to infant's diet along with continuing breastfeeding, delays symptomatic CD. However, it is not clear from our study that these infant feeding practices provide permanent protection against the disease or merely delays the symptoms.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 2024

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) can occur at any age, including childhood and adolescence, and pain-related TMDs can affect growth and quality of life. In the present study, recent trends in the diagnosis and treatment of TMDs in children and adolescents were analyzed over a 10-year period. Using 10 years of data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and Jeonbuk National University (JBNU) Dental Hospital, patients between 0 and 19 years of age diagnosed with K07.6 (temporomandibular joint disorders) were analyzed by 5-year bins. Both datasets indicated a higher prevalence in females (1.2-fold in HIRA, 1.5-fold in JBNU) and in ages 15 to 19 years (72.1% in HIRA, 74.7% in JBNU). HIRA reported a 42.3% increase in prevalence per 100,000 people, from 651.4 in 2011 to 927.0 in 2020. JBNU reported K07.66 (masticatory muscle disorders) as the most common diagnosis in subjects under 10 years of age and K07.60 (internal derangement of temporomandibular joint) in those over 10 years of age. In addition, both were treated mainly by a combination of physical therapy and medication, and the treatment rate increased in accordance with age. Because TMDs can affect various structures in the orofacial region and cause pain that tends to differ with age, an early and specific diagnosis appropriate for age is important for treatment. Therefore, pediatric dentists need to promptly recognize TMDs in children and adolescents and consult with specialists as the prevalence increases.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

Immunizations are among the most cost-effective and widely used public health interventions. This is a report a revision of recommendation of immunization for children by Korean Pediatric Society. Immunization. Vaccines were divided into 4 groups. 1) Vaccines that are recommended to all infants and children (BCG, hepatitis B vaccine, DTaP, Td, Polio vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, MMR, varicella vaccine, influenza vaccine [6-23 months of age], H. influenzae type b vaccine), 2) those that can be administered to all infants and children, but decision of administration is made by parents (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, influenza vaccine [healthy children ${\geq}24$ months of age], rotavirus vaccine, human papilloma virus vaccine), 3) those that should be given to high risk group (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [high risk patients ${\geq}24$ months of age], influenza vaccine [high risk patients ${\geq}24$ months of age], typhoid vaccine), and 4) those administered for control of outbreaks or prevention of emerging infectious diseases. Immunization schedule recommended by Korean Pediatric Society in 2008 is presented.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2021

Purpose: Pediatric hand trauma is common and sometimes causes deformity or disability. The incidence and etiologies of hand trauma in children are different from those in adults. This study analyzed the characteristics of pediatric hand trauma cases and patients over a 15-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of 3,432 children (2,265 boys, 1,167 girls, under 18 years of age) with hand injuries from January 2005 to December 2019. We evaluated the sex distribution and injury etiologies. Injuries were classified by type as burns, amputations, crushing injuries, lacerations, extensor and flexor tendon injuries, open and closed fractures, and nerve injuries. Results: Among the pediatric hand injury patients, males were predominant (1.94:1). Simple lacerations (58.4%) were the most common injury type, followed by fractures (22.8%). Lacerations and burns tended to be common in younger age groups, while tendon injuries, nerve injuries, and crushing injuries were more frequently encountered in older age groups. Conclusions: Hand trauma prevention strategies should be established considering the frequent trauma etiologies in specific age groups. An awareness of age-specific characteristics of pediatric hand trauma patients will be helpful to prevent hand trauma.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

Purpose: Congenital esophageal atresia (CES) is a rare congenital disease. The severity of symptoms is variable; thus, diagnosis is difficult and tends to be delayed. CES is frequently accompanied by esophageal atresia (EA) with/without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). We investigated the characteristics of CES by reviewing our experience with CES patients and researched the differences between CES with EA-TEF and isolated CES. Methods: A total of 31 patients underwent operations for CES were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the association with EA-TEF, and compared the differences. Results: Sixteen boys and 15 girls were included. The mean age at symptom onset was 8 months old, and the mean age at diagnosis was 21 months old. Nine patients with EA-TEF were included group A, whereas the other 22 patients were assigned to group B. There were no differences in sex, gestational age, associated anomalies and pathologic results between the groups. In group A, the age at diagnosis and age at surgery were younger than in group B despite the age at symptom occurrence being similar. Postoperative complications occurred only in group A. Conclusion: In this study, symptoms occurred during the weaning period, and vomiting was the most frequent symptom. CES patients with EA-TEF tended to be diagnosed and treated earlier despite the age at symptom occurrence being similar. CES patients with EA-TEF had more postoperative complications; therefore, greater attention should be paid during the postoperative period.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

Background: Pediatric deep neck infection can cause critical complications in that they are seldom able to verbalize symptoms or cooperate with physical examination. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics according to age. Material and Method: A retrospective study was performed on 26 cases with pediatric deep neck infection during 12 years. Patients were classified infancy group (1-7 yr, 19.2%), preschool age group (7-15 yr, 30.8%) and school age group (15 yr-, 50%). We analyzed the age, sex, sites of abscess, predisposing factors, symptoms and compared onset, hospital date, laboratory and outcomes at each group. Results: In pediatric patients with deep neck infection, the age distribution was 18 males (69.2%) and 8 females (30.8%), the mean age was 7.4 years. The most common infection site was the anterior cervical triangle and submandibular space (19.2%). The most commonly known associated preceding disease was upper viral infection (34.6%), but we could not find the preceding diseases in most of cases (50%). Neck swelling (69.2%) was the most frequent symptom. The mean age of patients who performed neck CT was 8.23 years and neck US was 2.75 years. The younger patients were preferred to perform the neck US than the neck CT (p=0.022). The mean time from disease onset to admission was 9 days in the infancy, 5.5 days in the preschool aged and 5 days in the school aged group. The surgical treatment was performed in 30.8% of school aged, 62.5% of preschool aged and 100% of infancy group. Surgical treatment was preferred to younger patients (p=0.026). Conclusion: Abscess sites, size, and antibiotics susceptibility and especially patient age should be carefully considered in treating pediatric deep neck infection.