• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.187-192
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• 2018

Purpose: This study compared the functional fitness and brake response of elderly and young drivers to confirm the correlation between the functional fitness and brake response. Methods: This study was a cross sectional observational design. Older drivers (>65age, n=21) and young adult drivers (20-40aged, n=20) were enrolled as subjects. The functional fitness of the subjects was measured using a senior fitness test consisting of a back scratch (BS), chair sit and reach (CSR), arm curl (AC), chair stand up (CSU), foot up and go (8-FUG), and 2-minute step (2-MS). The brake response used the virtual driving simulator to measure the brake reaction time (BRT) and braking distance (BD) according to the pedestrian protection and traffic signal compliance. Results: The older drivers had a lower BS (p<0.000), CSU (p=0.040), and 8-FUG (p=0.011) than the young adult drivers. BS and 8-FUG showed a significant positive correlation with the BRT and BD of pedestrian protection and traffic signal compliance. CSU showed a significant negative correlation with the BRT of pedestrian protection and traffic signal compliance. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the flexibility of the upper extremity, lower extremity strength, and agility are strongly correlated with the driving performance of elderly drivers.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

This paper introduces 'EgresSIM', which is microscopic evacuation simulation software. EgresSIM developed in this paper is a three-dimensional (3D) pedestrian evacuation simulator based on the improved model advanced from the floor field model(FFM), a microscopic pedestrian model. This software can simulate large size buildings that consist of a number of floors, stairs, rooms, and exit doors. Moreover, this software can arrange several hundreds or thousands of pedestrians in indoor space and check their movements through the 3D viewer in real time, as well as produce detailed results about evacuation situations such as which paths are employed by individual pedestrians, how long does it takes to evacuate, and how many evacuees are gathered at each of the exit doors. Building data needed in the simulation are constructed as XML files according to pre-defined indoor data models and information of simulation results is also created as XML log files. A moving pattern of pedestrians can be represented in many ways by adjusting the sensitivity parameters of two walk models supported by EgresSIM. Thus, evacuation simulation can be done based on many assumptions of situations such as movement to the nearest exit door or blackout after outage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.120-125
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• 2010

건축기술의 발달에 따라 건축물은 심층화, 고층화, 대형화 하고, 내부 구조도 복잡화 되고 있으며, 화재시 인명안전에 대한 위험성은 증대 하고 있다. 최근에는 다양한 화재 및 피난 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 이용하여 화재시 건물내 사람들이 안전하게 대피 할 수 있는지를 평가하고 있다. 그러나 현재 사용되고 있는 피난 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 피난자의 종류 별 이동속도를 기준으로 한 안전성 평가는 가능 하지만, 화재시 발생하는 열 과 연기의 확산상태를 고려한 피난자의 이동속도는 적용되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구 에서는 화재 피난 시나리오에 SFPE 방화공학 핸드북의 3-362(연기속의 이동)를 참고하여, 가시도 변화를 적용한 피난자의 이동속도 저하를 구현하여 보다 현실적인 피난 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2016

Some studies were conducted for the purpose of minimizing total clearance time for rapid evacuation from the indoor spaces when disaster occurs. Most studies took a long time to calculate the optimal evacuation route that derived minimum evacuation time. For this reason, this study proposes an evacuation route assignment algorithm that can shorten the total clearance time in a short operational time. When lots of exits are in the building, this algorithm can shorten the total clearance time by assigning the appropriate pedestrian traffic volume to each exit and balances each exit-load. The graph theory and greedy algorithm were utilized to assign pedestrian traffic volume to each exit in this study. To verify this algorithm, study used a cellular automata-based evacuation simulator and experimented various occupants distribution in a building structure. As a result, the total clearance time is reduced by using this algorithm, compared to the case of evacuating occupants to the exit within shortest distance. And it was confirmed that the operation takes a short time In a large building structure.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 2018

In general, fire and evacuation simulators are used independently to diagnose the safety of building. Because this method does not reflect the movement of pedestrians considering fire spread, it is difficult to expect diagnosis of safety with high accuracy. In this study, we propose the simulation method that can describe the movement of pedestrians in the fire emergency. Our method reflects the FDS fire spread data into FFM and explains the situation in which a pedestrian recognize a fire and escapes to a safe route. This study consists of data linkage between FDS and FFM and development of improved FFM. Experiment of the proposed method is progressed using the EgresSIM. Simulation result shows that the number of evacuees on each exit is affected by the presence or absence of fire and it was confirmed that the evacuation time increase and the bottleneck phenomenon deepened by exit.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.923-928
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• 2016

The various technologies related to the monitoring human health in real-time for the emergency situations are developing these days. Mostly the human pulse is used for measuring as the vital signs so far, but the EEG became a major research trend now. However, there are some problems measuring and sending EEG signals of all the people walking down the street to the dedicated server. Especially, there are some restrictions for collecting and sending EEG signals in 2-dimensional space in real-time. Therefore, I suggests an efficient network model using 3-dimensional space of drones to avoid the restrictions. The models are designed, simulated, and evaluated with the Opnet simulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.126-129
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• 2015

Device-to-device (D2D) communications, a subset of Proximity-based Services that enables direct communication between LTE network subscribers, is gaining popularity. It is well underway to be adopted in cellular communication systems for pedestrian and connected-vehicles alike. In this paper, we briefly present our model of an Evolved Packet Core Network-assisted device discovery simulator and show the applicability of Proximity-based Services for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. Through the performance evaluation based on the developed simulation environment, it is shown that in case when users gather in the same vicinity, as in public transportation, LTE network data can be efficiently offloaded and multicasted through Wi-Fi for e.g. delivering traffic-related information and for the benefit of infotainment service consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.45-55
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• 2009

Deterioration of the outdoor thermal environment in urban areas has become worse and worse due to the urbanization and overpopulation, etc. Most of existing researches about thermal environment are focused on the indoor environment in which the radiation heat exchange is relatively constant. However, the outdoor thermal environment is changed with time passages, because the thermal environment is highly effected by solar radiation. Thus, to simulate the outdoor thermal environment with accuracy, the solar radiation calculation should be considered, and the radiation heat exchange between building surface and ground surface should be calculated. The purpose of this study is to develop the simulator that can be possible to evaluate the outdoor thermal environment and pedestrian thermal comfort. In this paper, a new method which is coupled with convective heat transfer simulation and radiative heat transfer simulation will be proposed. And the coupled simulation method will be described through case study for outdoor thermal environment. From the results of simulation, the coupled simulation proposed in this study can assess the outdoor thermal environment with accuracy.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The floor field model (hereafter referred to as FFM) is a cellular automata (hereafter referred to as CA)-based walk model used to model pedestrian behavior. Existing studies on FFM conducted experiments with simple structures (that have one room or one obstacle in a room) or relatively complicated structures (that have many rooms). In order to apply the FFM to real buildings, it is necessary to have additional methodologies to process information about the number of rooms, floors, stairs, and exit doors. In particular, it is necessary to process exit doors during this procedure. Exit doors that are recognized by pedestrians are of many types such as exit doors in rooms, stairs connected to corridors, and exit doors in a building. When calculating the static floor field (hereafter referred to as SFF) in the FFM, information about exit doors is needed and simulation results will be different depending on how the SFF is calculated using an exit door among the above-mentioned exit doors. In this study, an XML-format building data model is proposed according to data structures required by the FFM. This study also defines a methodology to process a number of exit doors. Accordingly, this study developed a building data construction and evacuation simulator and simulation experiments were conducted with university campus building.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

An omnidirectional VR treadmill is a highly-immersive walking simulator that allows identical body movements, such as walking, running, and sitting. However, the operation difficulty of an omnidirectional VR treadmill may cause data reliability problems. Therefore, this study aims to verify the effectiveness of a VR treadmill by comparing the ability to orient in the real and virtual worlds spatially. For this purpose, a rotating and searching path experiment was conducted with participants. This experiment showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the ability of the participants to orient in the real and virtual worlds spatially. In addition, the omnidirectional VR treadmill requires an adaptation time for the users due to the difficulty in the treadmill operation. However, there was no significant difference in the difficulty felt by the participants according to the adaptation time. Hence, these findings supported the possibility of collecting realistic walking data without safety concerns through an omnidirectional VR treadmill. Furthermore, this treadmill could be used in future research to solve problems directly related to pedestrian safety, such as the interaction between vehicles and pedestrians.