• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.815-823
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• 2015

This study aimed to examine the most effective exercise method for shoulder joint rehabilitation by comparatively observing activity of shoulder stabilizer muscles during push up and push up plus exercises under diverse stable conditions. The subjects were 20 healthy adults students who went to M university. While the subjects conducted push up and push up plus exercises under diverse stable conditions(a stable surface, a support of 25cm height, a support of 30 cm height and a balance pad), activities of the upper trapezius muscle, pectoralis major muscle, serratus anterior muscle, and triceps brachii muscle were recorded. During push up and push up plus exercises, activities of the stabilizer muscles were higher when the stable condition was changed rather than on the stable surface. In particular, when the support of 30cm height and balance pads were applied, activity of the shoulder stabilizer was highest. There were significant differences in the upper trapezius muscle and triceps brachii muscle during the push up exercise(p<.05) and in the serratus anterior muscle during the push up plus exercise(p<.05). Activities of the shoulder stabilizers were higher when the upper and lower limbs' surface stable conditions were changed than the stable surface. Therefore, when programs for rehabilitation of shoulder joints are applied, provision of diverse stable conditions according to patients' conditions will be effective methods.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the activation of the contralateral upper and lower extremities and trunk muscle during ipsilateral upper extremity diagonal isokinetic exercise. Methods: Twenty-one healthy male subjects with no history of shoulder injury undertook ipsilateral diagonal isokinetic exercise at 60, 120, and $180^{\circ}/sec$, utilizing a standard Biodex protocol. Muscle activation amplitudes were measured in the upper trapezius, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, external oblique, rectus femoris, adductor longus, and biceps femoris muscles using electromyography. A one-way analysis of variance and paired t-tests were conducted, and the data were analyzed using SPSS, version 21.0. Results: The results revealed no statistically significant interaction between motion and angular velocity and no statistically significant contralateral muscle activation according to angular velocity (p>0.05). However, they revealed statistically significant contralateral muscle activation according to motion (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the movements involved in contralateral upper extremity diagonal isokinetic exercise can enhance muscle strength in patients affected by stroke, fracture, burns, or arthritis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2020

Background Implant-based dual-plane augmentation mammoplasty requires accurate separation of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) at its origins. The authors identified the PMM origins during breast reconstruction surgery with the goal of providing additional information on subpectoral implant insertion for reconstructive or aesthetic purposes. Methods This study was conducted on 67 patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery at the breast center of our hospital between November 2016 and June 2018. In total, 34 left and 39 right hemithoraces were examined. The left and right hemithoraces were each divided into 15 zones to determine the percentage of PMM attachments in each zone. The distribution of PMM origins in each zone was examined to identify any statistically significant differences. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the origins of the PMM between the right and left hemithoraces. The percentage of attachments increased moving from the fourth to the sixth rib and from the lateral to the medial aspect. Conclusions The anatomical findings of this study could be used as a reference for accurate dissection of the origins of the PMM for the preparation of the subpectoral pocket for subpectoral implant placement.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of shoulder protraction exercise according to weight by examining the surface electromyography (EMG) amplitude in the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), and pectoralis major (PM) as well as the activity ratio of each muscle. Methods: Twenty three winging scapula subjects participated in the study. The subjects performed scapula protraction at shoulder $90^{\circ}$ flexion and $60^{\circ}$ horizontal abduction with up to four (none, 1kg, 1.5kg, and 2kg) dumbbells in the supine position. The EMG data were collected from the dominant side muscles during a shoulder protraction exercise according to weight in the supine position. One way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the normalized activities of the SA, UT, and PM and the ratios of PM/SA and UT/SA. Results: The results showed that the activities of both the SA and UT were highest for the shoulder protraction exercise at 2kg in the supine position. The UT/SA ratio also was the lowest for exercise at 2kg. On the other hand, the activities of both the UT and PM/SA ratio were similar under all conditions. Conclusion: These results show that there is a need to selectively strengthen the SA muscle in the case of patients with the shoulder dysfunction. In particular, it is necessary to weigh 2kg when performing shoulder protraction exercises in the supine position to activate the SA muscle in patients with a winging scapula.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2023

Background: This study was carried out to determine whether non-face-to-face physical therapy would have similar exercise effects to face-to-face physical therapy. Hence, we developed an approach for patients, unable to visit hospitals due to circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to conduct physical therapy comfortably at home. Objects: This study aimed to compare the effects of a face-to-face and a non-face-to-face physical therapy treatment on improving a rounded shoulder posture. Methods: The participants with rounded shoulders were randomly divided into a face-toface group (n = 15) and a non-face-to-face group (n = 15), and each group performed exercises for four weeks. The exercise program consisted of the bare hands exercise, Thera-Band exercise, and foam roller exercise. The participants in the face-to-face group came to a designated place to perform their exercises, and those in the non-face-to-face group performed the exercises at their own home using Google Meet (Google). Acromial height, total scapular distance (TSD), shoulder pain and dysfunction index (SPADI), and pectoralis minor thickness were measured. Data analysis was performed using the R Statistical Software (R Core Team), and a normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results: There were no significant differences between the face-to-face and the non-face-toface groups (p > 0.05). When comparing the differences before and after the exercises, both the face-to-face and the non-face-to-face groups showed significant differences in acromial height, SPADI, and pectoralis minor thickness (p < 0.05), and both groups showed no significant difference in TSD before and after the exercises (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study support the results of previous studies reporting that shoulder stabilization exercise and pectoralis minor stretching training improves round shoulders. In addition, this study revealed that both the face-to-face and the non-face-to-face physical therapy treatments had therapeutic effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.634-638
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• 1994

Infection of a median sternotomy incision may result in a large, unsightly,unstable,and potentially fatal wound. During the past 8 years, 5 consecutive patients [ 4 male and 1 female ] had repair of infected sternotomy wound. We describe our current preferred techniques and the results we have achieved with them. As soon as the sternal infection was shown, operative wound was opened and irrigated more than 4 times a day with 0.5% Betadine iodine solution until the exudate became clean with no growth of bacteria. Operation was performed in one-stage, which consisted of aggressive debridement of the infected bone and muscle transposition. Reconstruction was with one-side or both pectoralis flaps in all patients and rectus abdominis in 2 patients. There was no mortality or morbidity within 30 days postoperatively. We conclude that early aggressive debridement and muscle transposition remain the treatment of choice for most patients with infected median sternotomy wounds.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1995

동면동물인 한국관박쥐(Korean greater horseshoe bat)와 비롱면 롱물인 토끼의 근소포체가 지니는 생리 및 근조직의 형태적 특징을 비교해 보고자 본 실험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 내렸다 Caffeine과 Mgcl2는 농도별로 처리하고, p연와 온도에 변화를 주는 등 각각의 생리조건하에서 한국관박쥐와 토끼 대흉근 근소포체 마이크로솜의 C32' 흡수정도가 다르게 나타났으며, Ca2'ATPase 활성 역시 상이함을 보였는데. 이로 미루어 보아 in vivo 상태에서 두 동물의 근소포체가 지니는 생리적 특성에 차이가 있을 것으로 추측된다. 형태학적 측면에서도 근심유의 수기와 미토콘드리아의 크기에 있어서 뚜렷한 차이를 발견할 수 있었는데. 이는 두 동물의 대흉근이 수행하는 운동의 종류와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was aimed to widen range of comprehesion about meridian muscle system through myological study of meridian muscle system and comparison with deep front arm line in anatomical train Methods : We have studied the similarity and difference between Hand Great Yin Lung Meridian Muscle System and Deep Front Line in Anatomical Train through Principles of Meridians & Acupoints, publications about myology, Anatomical trains. Results : I. Like another advanced studies, muscular system of hand great yin showed similarity to deep front line in anatomical train. II. It is considered that muscular system of hand great yin contains Musculus abductor pollicis brevis, Musculus extensor hallucis longus, Musculus brachioradialis, Musculus biceps brachii, Musculus subclavius, Musculus pectoralis major. III. Comparing muscular system of hand great yin to deep front arm line in anatomical train it showed similarity to part of muscles and pathological symptoms. But it showed difference to part of muscles and pathological symptoms. Conclusions : Hand Great Yin Lung meridian muscle system showed similarity and difference to deep front arm line in anatomical train. Further studies would be needed.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2023

Background: The position of pitcher requires a lot of repetitive motion, and because of this, it is known that not only professional baseball players, but also middle and high school players are frequently exposed to injuries in baseball. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in upper extremity muscle activity during repeated pitching and the activity of each muscle during repeated pitching by analyzing middle and high school pitchers, divided into groups by age. Methods: Twenty participants (10 middle school male students and 10 high school male students) were recruited for this research. The outcome measures included neuromuscular motor control, including the upper trapezius (UT), triceps brachii (TB), deltoid (DT), latissimus dorsi (LD), biceps brachii (BB), pectoralis major(PM), extensor carpi radialis(ER), and flexor carpi radialis (FR). Results: The two-way analysis of varaince (ANOVA) was used to compare the muscle activity variables between the middle school and high school students. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the muscle activity variables within time differences each groups. Conclusion: Our results provided promising clinical evidence that guide for upper extremity muscles to increase pitching efficiency in middle and high school base ball players.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.280-284
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• 2023

Upper limb muscle variations can be encountered on imaging or at surgery. We report an unusual muscle and band found during routine dissection of the arm in a cadaver. This case is described and salient literature reviewed. A band was found that traveled from the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon distally and obliquely toward the medial intermuscular septum and medical epicondyle. Fibers of the brachialis were found to interdigitate into the band. A tunnel was formed that carried the median nerve and brachial vessels. Evidence of median nerve compression was observed. We considered this an example of a pectorobrachioepicondylaris muscle. However, some can lead to clinical presentations. Although the significance of the case reported herein is not certain, signs of median nerve compression were identified. We believe that the term pectorobrachioepicondylaris bests describes the muscle reported herein and that our case represents a previously unreported variant of this muscle.