• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1983

In spite of the world-wide increase of incidence of pesticide poisoning due to greater use of pesticides, the epidemiological study of pesticide poisoning in Korea has been grossly neglected. The author gained access to the medical records for two year period (1981 through 1982) from local clinics, hospitals and health centers of Kyungpook area to investigate the status of the pesticide poisoning. During these two years, there were 1,618 cases of documented pesticide poisoning, of which in 1981 were 765 and in 1982 were 853. Those in the twenties decade of age was the most frequent and the male(70%) was more liable than the female (30%). In view of manner of poisoning, occupational poisoning was 27.8%, accidental 5.6%, and suicidal 66.6%. There are three distinct groups which make up the large majority of both fatal and nonfatal cases; young children who accidentally ingest pesticides, young to middle age adult who are occupationally poisoned, and middle age to older adults who suicidally ingest pesticides. The seasonal distribution of these poisonings disclosed the peak month to be July, with August next, followed by June and September. Only 11% of cases occurred during the three-month winter season of December to February. Thus pesticide caused poison- ing was primarily a summer and early fall occurrence. During these two years, average of 67 cases of poisoning was observed monthly. Of the pesticide poisoning documented, 49% were treated with poisoning patients from local clinic and 43% from hospital. The case fatality rate of occupational poisoning was 0.9%, accidental 5.6% and suicidal 20.3%. The mean overall case fatality rate was 14.1%. Annual incidence of pesticide poisoning was 25.4 per 100,000 population in the study area. There is a nationwide need for more reliable date on pesticide poisoning. This need can only grow more acute with the passage of time because of the increasing importance of pesticides as a cause of morbidity and mortality.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1739-1749
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• 2018

We propose a marine observation system using existing light buoys to observe various marine information of marine locations. Our proposed ocean observation system is composed of the existing standard light buoy type and can be easily connected to the light buoy. The proposed marine observation system measures the mean wave height, maximum wave height, mean wave height and water temperature measured in the ocean. Besides, it can measure the air pressure, temperature, wind speed and wind speed in real time. In order to measure important peaks in marine observations, 2200 peak data are collected for 10 minutes, and the collected data are subjected to spectral analysis to extract significant wave and wave period data. The developed system removes the noise by using the filter because the marine observation system attaches to the light buoy. We compare and analyze the measurement data of the existing proven floating marine observation system and the standard equivalent system developed. Also, it is proved that the data of the standard type backbone ocean observation system developed through the comparative experiment is similar to that of the existing ocean observation system.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

The cryptic mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus, has been increasingly damaging citrus, particularly those plants grown in plastic greenhouses. This study was conducted to monitor the seasonal phenology of adult male cryptic mealybugs and to determine the timing for control using a sex pheromone trap. Adult males responded to a synthetic sex pheromone and trap color. An increasing number of males were attracted to the traps with increasing concentrations of sex pheromone up to 5 mg. The males occurred annually four times and had three cohorts at a time due to different overwintering developmental stages. After overwintering the adult males began to in mid-late April. A positive correlation was observed between the number of adult males caught in traps and the mean density per twig of all motile stages except first stage nymphs of the cryptic mealybugs. The peak time for the first nymph to occur was estimated from the maximum attraction time of the males, and the cumulative degree days (DD) was 350 DD, similar with the preoviposition period.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1998

The lysosomal acid hydrolases including lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP) are believed to play an important role in intracellular and extracellular degradation. LAP was reported to increase its activity in dedifferentiation stage during urodele limb regeneration. In the paresent study, LAP localization in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) limb regenerates was investigated by immunohistochemistry. LAP immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibody against Korean salamander (Hynobius leehii) LAP was observed mainly in the wound epidermis, blastema cells, muscle, and cartilage which were under dedifferentiation process in axolotl limb regenerates. Moreover, LAP immunoreactivity increased gradually during the early phase of lib regeneration and reached the peak level at dedifferentiation stage. However, as redifferentiation begans, LAP immunoreactivity decreased slowly to the basal level. Retinoic acid (RA) which is known to induce skeleton pattern duplication in regenerating urodele limb appears to enhance LAP immunoreactivity. In the RA-treate limg regenerates, LAP immunoreactivity was higher than in the normal regenerates. In addition, the LAP expression period was more extended in the RA treated regenerates than in the normal regenerates. These results suggest that RA is involved in the extension of dedifferentiation state in RA-treated limb regenerate.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 1998

Background: Hypopharyngeal cancer represents about one-third the incidence of laryngeal cancer which is the most common cancer in head and neck area. Although there have been numerous reports regarding its clinical and statistical characteristics, more precise and ample data should be collected and analyzed in this country. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the pattern and patient's profile of the hypopharyngeal cancer, and we reviewed the treatment outcomes to search for an index of treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed 73 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer treated at Yonsei Medical Center during the 10-year period from 1985 to 1994. Five-year survival rate was calculated according to the primary site, clinical stage and treatment modality. Results: The incidence was predominated in male by 9 to 1 and peak incidence was 6th and 7th decades. Pyriform sinus was the main primary site(80.8%) followed by posterior hypopharyngeal wall(13.7%) and postcricoid area(5.5%). Advanced stage cancers(87.7%) were more common than early stage cancers. Radiotherapy(60.3%) was the most commonly used as primary treatment modality. Neck node metastasis was early occurred even in early stage cancers(61.5%), and overall rate of neck node metastasis was 69.9%. All surgical cases received procedures more than total laryngectomy and partial pharyngectomy. The most common cause of death was primary failure(81.5%) and it was highest in radiotherapy group. Five-year survival rate was significantly high in surgery group(90.9%). The overall 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer was 30.3%. Conclusion: High index of suspicion should be required for early diagnosis. Also, surgery may be recommended for the primary treatment modality in advanced stage cancers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2020

Purpose : The enhancement of abdominal muscles increases the activation and contraction of respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm. Generally, diaphragm exercises are applied to increase the breathing ability of patients with respiratory disease. Previous studies have shown that breathing capacity can be increased through abdominal muscle strengthening exercises. However, studies on breathing ability are rare and it is doubtful whether these affect respiratory ability more than diaphragm exercises. Therefore, this study seeks to compare whether abdominal exercises can improve breathing ability and whether any increase is comparable to diaphragm exercises. Methods : After selecting subjects, the place of intervention was separated for blindness. The plank group was allowed to relax for 30 seconds after 30 seconds of planking; this was set at three and increased by one set each week. Subjects in the draw-in group were allowed to relax for 30 seconds after maintaining the draw-in contraction state for 30 seconds and this was done for 15 minutes. Subjects in the control group underwent abdominal dilation for five seconds of inspiration time and expired air for five seconds by exposing the lips; breathing was performed repeatedly for 15 minutes. Subjects in each group measured their respiration function three times before intervention, three weeks after the commencement of intervention and after intervention. Spirovit SP-1 was used to measure respiratory function. In each group, repeated ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function over time and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function between groups. The post hoc was conducted using the LSD method. Results : There was a significant increase in respiratory ability between the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) according to the six-week period. However, there was no difference between each group. Conclusion : For patients with low respiratory muscle strength, plank exercises and abdominal draw-in are beneficial exercises for improving respiratory function. These are expected to be widely used in clinical practice for patients with weak respiratory muscles.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2015

Purpose: Deficits of the respiratory chain are reported to be the major cause of Leigh syndrome is said to be the underlying causes. The need for biochemical diagnosis to draw more accurate diagnosis or prognosis to support treatments is rapidly increasing. This study tried to analyze the aspects of clinical characteristics and biochemical diagnosis of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRC) defect in Leigh syndrome, using methods of biochemical enzyme assay. Methods: We included total number of 47 patients who satisfied the clinical criteria of Leigh syndrome and confirmed by biochemical diagnosis. All those patients went through muscle biopsy to perform biochemical enzyme assay to analyze MRC enzyme in order to find the underlying cause of Leigh syndrome. Results: MRC I defect was seen in 23 (48.9%) cases taking the first place and MRC IV defect in 15 (31.9%) following it. There were 9 (19.2%) cases of combined MRC defect. Combined cases of type I and IV were detected in 7 (14.9%) patients while type I and V in 2 (4.3%). The onset age of symptom was less than 1 year old in 28 (59.6%). The most common early symptom, observed in 23 (48.9%), was delayed development, but there were other various neurological symptoms observed as well. In regard with the disease progression, 35 (74.5%) patients showed slowly progressive course, the one that progressed continuously but slowly over 2 years of period. As for Maximum motor development, 22 (46.8%) were bed-ridden state, most of them suffering serious delayed development. Patients showed various symptoms with different organs involved, though neuromuscular involvement was most prominent. Delayed development was seen in all cases. Multifocal lesion in brain MRI study was seen in 36 (76.6 %) cases, taking a greater percentage than 11 (23.4%) cases with single lesion. In MR spectroscopy study, the characteristic lactate peak of mitochondrial disease was identified in 20 (42.6%) patients. Conclusions: Further analysis of clinical and biochemical diagnosis on more extended group of patients with Leigh syndrome will enable us to improve diagnostic precision and to understand the natural course of mitochondrial disease.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.879-891
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal patterns and diel variations of fish movements in the Juksan Weir which was constructed in 2010 at the down-stream of Yeongsan-River watershed. For this study, we monitored day-and-night movement(24 Hr cycle) and seasonal fish migration(June ~ August) patterns in 2011 along with species compositions and abundances depending on the locations of the traps within the fishway. Total number of species sampled was 14 and the total number of individuals was 1,263 with only the size-fractions(as total length) of the fish < 20 cm during the study. Seasonal analysis of fish movement in the fish way showed that highest frequency in the movement occurred in June - July, which is closely associated with a spawning peak season. The most dominant species using the fishway was Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, and this species turned out to be 26.9% of the total in the use rate of fishway. Daily monitoring of fish movements showed that most frequent movements occurred between 18:00 PM and 21:00 PM when the fish have a feeding time generally. The migratory fish were not found in the fishway during the study. Mean current velocity during the study $0.42{\pm}0.02ms^{-1}$(n = 42), and there were no significant statistical differences(p > 0.05) among the daily and monthly velocities in the fishway. The use rate of fish passage, in terms of fish species, was 48%, compared with total sampling of fish species(29 species) at the down-river regions during the same period, indicating a low use rate. Further continuous long-term monitoring should be conducted to evaluate the impacts of the weir construction in the river.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-227
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• 1984

Fish samples were collected by a trap net during 1981∼82 at the mouth of Cheonsu Bay to determine seasonal fluctuations in abundance and species composition. Examination of a series of trap net catches indicated that trap net data could be used, at least, for a qualitative analyses of a fish community and for a quantitative study of some pelagic fishes of Cheonsu Bay. Of the 64 species collected, a few temporal components predominated in abundance because of great seasonal fluctuations of water temperature. The early spring catch showed a low abundance value, and two cold weather seasonals, juvenile Enedrias fangi and Ammodytes personatus predominated in number and in weight. The number of species, abundance value in number and in biomass showed a peak in late spring when fishes move into bay for spawning and feeding after over-winterinig in the sea. Three pelagic species or warm weather seasonals, Harengula zunasi , Ammodytes personatus and Konosirus punctatus, predominated in abundance values. In this period night catch was significantly larger than day catch in terms of number of species, abundance in number and in weight Summer data showed a marked reduction of the number of species and abundance due to the loss of spawners probably by mortality or wide dipersion after spawning. A slight increase in abundance was observed in autumn by recruitment of the young-of-the-years. This catch was predominated by three juvenile fishes, H. zunasi, E. japonica and K. punctatus, which were the same species as in spring. The autumn catch showed no significant difference between day and night compositions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 1998

A result of national malaria surveillance in Korean civilians was described. Since a case of indigenous vivax malaria was detected in 1993, a total of 2,198 cases was confirmed by blood smear up to 1997. Of them, 1,548 cases were soldiers serving in the demilitarized zone (DMZ), while 650 cases were civilians. Number of civilian cases was 3 in 1994, 19 in 1995, 71 in 1996, and 557 in 1997. Of them, 239 were ex-soldiers who discharged after military service in the prevalent areas such as Paju, Yonchon, Kimpo, Kangwha, Tongduchon in Kyonggi-do and Chorwon in Kangwon-do while 308 patients were civilian residents in the prevalent areas. Seventy-two patients, living nationwide, had a history of visiting the prevalent areas during transmission season. Only 32 civilian patients denied any relation with the prevalent areas. As a whole, a half of the civilian cases was diagnosed when living in non-prevalent areas. Male patients in their twenties was the highest in number. Annual parasite index is steadily elevated in residents living in the prevalent areas. Monthly incidence showed an unimodal distribution, forming a peak in August. Ex-soldiers exhibited a delayed incubation ranging from 153 to 452 days ($279{\pm}41$ days). The time required for diagnosis was shortened from 23.6 days in 1995 to 13.7 days in 1997. Although the current epidemic of vivax malaria started as a border malaria, it seems highly probable that vivax malaria is established in the local areas and responsible for at least a part of transmission.