• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.629-641
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• 1999

Background: Corticosteroid is most potent and effective anti-inflammatory medication currently available and inhaled form has been used in the long-tenn control of asthma. Fluticasone propionate(Flixotide/Flovent: FP) is highly potent and topically active inhaled corticosteroid and has at least twice the potency of beclomethasone dipropionate(BDP) in the control of asthma. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of FP and BDP in several aspects. Method: Fifty patients with asthma were treated in a randomized, parallel group study of 4 weeks duration. During 2-week run-in period $\beta_2$-agonist was administered. After run-in period, FP $500{\mu}g/day$ was administered via Diskhaler or BDP $800{\mu}g/day$ via reservoir dry-power device. During the run-in and treatment period, morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR) were measured daily. Daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms, daytime and night-time rescue bronchodilator use were checked daily. $FEV_{1.0}$ and FVC were measured biweekly in both groups. Results: Three patients treated with FP and seven patient treated with BDP were dropped out. Therefore forty patients completed the study. Morning and evening PEFR was increased and diurnal variation of PEFR decreased significantly in both groups. $FEV_{1.0}$ increased significantly in FP treatment group but not in BDP group. There were also improvements in daytime and night-time asthma symptoms, daytime and night-time rescue bronchodilator use in both groups after treatment There were no significant difference between groups in any of the efficacy parameters. Therapeutic effects were demonstrated earlier in patient treated with FP than BDP. Conclusion: In this study, $500{\mu}g/day$ fluticasone propionate was as effective as $800{\mu}g/day$ beclomethasone dipropionate in the control of asthma. Therapeutic effects were demonstrated earlier in patient treated with FP than BDP without adverse effect.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.22-33
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• 1978

To maintain the self-sufficiency of food production , it is required to improved the productivity and increase the effective utilization of land in the double cropping areas using improved cultivation technology. The following reasons encourage this cours of action because the overlapping rice harvest and barely seeding seasons complete for labour, the lower price of barley makes it financially less attractive to grow and these two facts together are responsible for a decrease in barley being planted in certain more seasonably marginal double cropping areas. Fro these reasons, it is desirable to carry out tests to improve the current cultivation techniques . In this interest , the following studies were carried out in the experimental field located at Banweol-myeon, Whasung-jkun, Gyeonggi-do from October 1977 to July 1978 in order to establish the mechanical method of barley cultivation using the power tiller. The summarized results are as follows. 1. The work performance in the seeding operation using the rotary barley seeder was 68 minutes per 10 ares which compares favourably with 408 min/10a using the conventional method. This is only one sixth of the time required by th conventional method. The operating costs using the rotary barley seeder was 1, 463 won per 10 areas as against 3, 486 Won per 10 ares for the conventional method, showing a saving of about 50% in comparison with the conventional method. 2. In the manure spreading operation, the work performance was 25 min/10a for the manure spreading machine , compared to 1089 min/10a for the manual operations. This is about one fourth of the time required by the conventional method, The operating costs were 810 Won/10a for the machine and 857 Won/10a for the manual labour. This cost shows little advantage by the machine over the manual labor costs. The conventional method of manure spreading will continue pending decision which will develope and improve the machine.3. Work performance in the rolling operation using the barley rolIer was 30 min/lOa which compares favourably with 135 min/10a using conventional method. This was one fourth of the time required by the conventional method. The operating costs were 514 Won/103. for the machine and 1, 003 Won/lOa for manual labour. In the weed control operation, the work performance and operating costs were 45min/lOa, 1, 399won/10a for the herbcide application using the power sprayer, 1, 149min/10a 8, 541won/lOa for the conventional method respectively. This is 26 times higher efficiency in comparison to the conventional method. 4. In the harvesting operation using the reaper binder and tiller attachment, the work performance was 60min/lOa and represents a cost of 2, 039won/10a. The con\ulcornerventional method took 640min/10a at a cost of 4, 757won/lOa. The reaper binder showns a saving of one tenth over the conventional method. The automatic thresher is already recommended for the current situations, and is now being used. 5. From a comparison of the results of the above trials, the serial cultivation system using the attachment for the power tiller such as the rotary barley seeder is now to be recommended for the current barley cultivation system. It is also recommend from these results that the mechanized technology now available must be used to improve and maintain the increase in barley production. It is seen th1t this is the only course now avaihble to solve the peak seasonal requirements of labour needed for l11rvesting and seeding between rice and barley cultivation.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2013

The application of appropriate rehabilitation methods can improve the efficiency of clogged wells and extend their life. In this paper, we study the feasibility of well cleaning using high-voltage pulsed discharge, in which electrical energy is used to produce impulsive pressure in water, in contrast to conventional methods that employ chemical or pneumatic energy sources. This technique utilizes the compressive shock wave generated by the expansive force of hot, dense plasma that is produced during a pulsed discharge in the gap between electrodes immersed in water. Compared with conventional techniques, this method is simple, and easy to handle and control. Using a capacitive pulsed power system with an electrical energy of 200 J, an impulsive pressure of 10.7 MPa is achieved at the position 6 cm away from the discharge gap. The amplitude of the impulsive pressure was easily controlled by adjusting the charging voltage of the capacitor and was almost linearly proportional to peak discharge current. The technique achieved good results in cleaning feasibility tests with mock-up specimens similar to clogged well screens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1684-1690
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• 2010

The properties of non-waxy rice, Dongjin 1, cultivated with conventional farming (CF) and environmentally-harmonized farming (EHF) using hairy vetch were compared to determine rice water absorption, physicochemical and pasting properties, antioxidant activities of brown and white rice, and a sensory evaluation of cooked white rice was carried out. EHF was treated with green manure crops such as hairy vetch and chitinase, which produce microorganism culture solution. CF was applied with seed disinfection treatments, fertilizer herbicides, and agricultural chemicals for the control of pests and diseases. The absorption level of EHF rice was higher than that of CF rice grain, regardless of the cultivation methods used. The ash and crude lipid contents were higher, but protein and dietary fiber contents were lower in the CF rice than in the EHF rice. The total starch content, water binding capacity, and swelling power of white rice were higher than those of brown rice, regardless of the cultivation methods used. The DPPH's antioxidant activity was shown as follows: EHF brown rice, EHF white rice and CF rice, in a decreasing order. The initial pasting temperature of EHF rice was lower than that of CF rice, but the peak, cold, and breakdown viscosities exhibited reverse trends. The sensory evaluation showed that the cooked white rice cultivated with EHF was not significantly different from that cultivated with CF (p<0.05). The overall preference of cooked rice did not show significant differences between the two cultivation methods (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.68-73
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• 2009

This paper describes design and implementation of a spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) for the DisplayPort. The proposed architecture generates the spread spectrum clock using a sigma-delta fractional-N PLL. The SSCG uses a digital End order MASH 1-1 sigma-delta modulator and a 9bit Up/Dn counter. By using MASH 1-1 sigma-delta modulator, complexity of circuit and chip area can be reduced. The advantage of sigma-delta modulator is the better control over modulation frequency and spread ratio. The SSCG generates dual clock rates which are 270MHz and 162MHz with 0.25% down-spreading and triangular waveform frequency modulation of 33kHz. The peak power reduction is 11.1dBm at 270MHz. The circuit has been designed and fabricated using in 0.18$\mu$m CMOS technology. The chip occupies 0.620mm$\times$0.780mm. The measurement results show that the fabricated chip satisfies the DispalyPort standard.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.745-754
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• 2013

The systematic analysis and evaluation of required energy in the processes of drinking water production and supply have attracted considerable interest considering the need to overcome electricity shortage and control greenhouse gas emissions. On the basis of a review of existing research results, a practical method is developed in this study for evaluating energy in water supply networks. The proposed method can be applied to real water supply systems. A model based on the proposed method is developed by combining the hydraulic analysis results that are obtained using the EPANET2 software with a mathematical energy model on the MATLAB platform. It is suggested that performance indicators can evaluate the inherent efficiency of water supply facilities as well as their operational efficiency depending on the pipeline layout, pipe condition, and leakage level. The developed model is validated by applying it to virtual and real water supply systems. It is expected that the management of electric power demand on the peak time of water supply and the planning of an energy-efficient water supply system can be effectively achieved by the optimal management of energy by the proposed method in this study.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2018

The production scale of mushroom cultivation in Korea is approximately 600 billion won, which is 1.6% of the Korean gross agricultural output. Annually, ca. 190,000 tons of mushrooms are harvested in Korea. Although the numbers of mushroom farms and cultivators are constantly decreasing, the total mushroom yields are increasing due to the large-scale cultivation facilities and automation. The recent expansion of the well-being trend causes increase in mushroom consumption in Korea: annual per capita consumption of mushroom was 3.9kg ('13) that is a little higher than European's average. Thus the exports of mushrooms, mainly Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus, have been increased since the middle of 2000s. Recently, however, it is slightly reduced. However, Vietnam, Hong Kong, the United States, the Netherlands and continued to export, and the country has increased recently been exported to Australia, Canada, Southeast Asia and so on. Canned foods of Agaricus bisporus was the first exports of the Korean mushroom industry. This business has reached the peak of the sale in 1977-1978. As Korea initiated trade with China in 1980, the international prices of mushrooms were sharply fall that led to shrink the domestic markets. According to the high demand to develop new items to substitute for A. bisporus, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was received the attention since it seems to suit the taste of Korean consumers. Although log cultivation technique was developed in the early 1970s for oyster mushroom, this method requires a great deal of labor. Thus we developed shelf cultivation technique which is easier to manage and allows the mass production. In this technique, the growing shelf is manly made from fermented rice straw, that is the unique P. ostreatus medium in the world, was used only in South Korea. After then, the use of cotton wastes as an additional material of medium, the productivity. Currently it is developing a standard cultivation techniques and environmental control system that can stably produce mushrooms throughout the year. The increase of oyster mushroom production may activate the domestic market and contribute to the industrial development. In addition, oyster mushroom production technology has a role in forming the basis of the development of bottle cultivation. Developed mushroom cultivation technology using bottles made possible the mass production. In particular, bottle cultivation method using a liquid spawn can be an opportunity to export the F.velutipes and P.eryngii. In addition, the white varieties of F.velutipes were second developed in the world after Japan. We also developed the new A.bisporus cultivar "Sae-ah" that is easy to grown in Korea. To lead the mushroom industry, we will continue to develop the cultivars with an international competitive power and to improve the cultivation techniques. Mushroom research in Korea nowadays focuses on analysis of mushroom genetics in combination with development of new mushroom varieties, mushroom physiology and cultivation. Further studied are environmental factors for cultivation, disease control, development and utilization of mushroom substrate resources, post-harvest management and improvement of marketable traits. Finally, the RDA manages the collection, classification, identification and preservation of mushroom resources. To keep up with the increasing application of biotechnology in agricultural research the genome project of various mushrooms and the draft of the genetic map has just been completed. A broad range of future studies based on this project is anticipated. The mushroom industry in Korea continually grows and its productivity rapidly increases through the development of new mushrooms cultivars and automated plastic bottle cultivation. Consumption of medicinal mushrooms like Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus is also increasing strongly. Recently, business of edible and medicinal mushrooms was suffering under over-production and problems in distribution. Fortunately, expansion of the mushroom export helped ease the negative effects for the mushroom industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.437-443
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• 2010

This study was designed to examine the aerobic capacity and ventilatory response during an incremental exercise in elite high school cyclists. Twelve boys ($17{\pm}1\;yr$, $175{\pm}5\;cm$, $70{\pm}9\;kg$) participated in anthropometric measurements, incremental exercise testing, and pulmonary function tests. During incremental exercise testing using a cycle ergometer, their maximal oxygen uptake ($VO_2max$), maximal power output, ventilation, ventilatory equivalents for oxygen ($V_E/VO_2$) and carbon dioxide ($V_E/VCO_2$), respiratory rate, and tidal volume were measured. Time variables such as inspiratory time (Ti), expiratory time (Te), breathing time (Tb), and inspiratory duty cycle (Ti/Tb), as well as inspiratory flow rate ($V_T$/Ti) were assessed. Pulmonary function of vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$), $FEV_1$/FVC, and peak expiratory flow were evaluated. Their $VO_2max$, maximal heart rate, and Wmax were $57.5{\pm}3.9\;ml{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$, $194.1{\pm}8.6\;beat{\cdot}min^{-1}$, and 452 W, respectively. $VO_2max$ was not related to any anthropometric parameters. Most ventilatory variables progressively increased with exercise intensity. As intensity increased, Ti, Tb, Tb decreased while Ti/Tb was maintained. Below an intensity of 250 W, height, weight, body mass index, and body surface were highly correlated with $V_T$/Ti and Ti/Tb (p<0.05). Collectively, $VO_2max$ appeared to be lower than adult cyclists, suggesting a different pattern of ventilatory control as age advances. Morphological characteristics were not related to $VO_2max$ in the population. Time variables of ventilatory response seemed to be related only at an exercise intensity level of less than 250 W. $V_T$/Ti may be related to exercise endurance capacity, but Ti/Tb was similar to adult cyclists.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.243-253
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing concentrates of sunmul(soybean curd whey), the waste by-product of soybean curd processing, as functional food ingredients. Sunmul was concentrated by nanofiltration fo11owing ultrafiltration and then freeze-dried. The oil adsorption capacity of the nanofiltraion(NF) powder(97.33g/100g) was similar to that of sunmul powder(94.17g/100g), but was lower than that of ISP(isolated soy protein). However, the water holding capacity of NF powder could not be determined because the NF powder completely dissolved in water. The protein solubilities of sunmul powder and ISP in distilled H$_{2}$O, 0.1M and 0.5M NaCl were lowest at pH 4.0 and increased at more acidic or alkaline conditions. However, the protein solubility of NF powder was at its minimum at pH 6.0 and increased at more acidic or alkaline conditions. Emulsifying activity indexes of NF powder in 4% and 6% solution were minimal at pH 4.0 and 6.0, respectively, which were 3 to 8 times lower than that of sunmul powder. The emulsion stability of 4% sunmul solution was lowest at pH 4.0, but that of NF powder was highest at pH 5.0 and decreased at more acidic or alkaline conditions at all concentrations of solution. The total free amino acid contents of protein in sunmul, and NF power were 99.07 and 2,110.10mg%, respectively, and NF powder exhibited especially high threonine content. Rapid viscosity analysis of dough with 1 to 5% added NF powder demonstrated that all of the peak and final viscosities decreased with increasing NF powder concentration compared to the control.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1556-1566
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Nurida-Ball exercise on isokinetic muscle function, spinal alignment, and dynamic balance capacity in middle-aged men. All middle-aged men(n=16) were divided into 2 groups: Ball exercise(BE, n=8) and control(CON, n=8) group. BE group performed the Nurida-Ball exercise(30 min/day, 3 days/week, 8 weeks) and isokinetic knee and trunk muscle function, spinal alignment, and dynamic balance capacity were measured. All of the measured variables calculated the mean and standard deviation and verified normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The independent t-test method and the Paired t-test method were then analyzed to identify differences between groups. This study found that isokinetic knee and trunk muscle function was significantly strengthened in the BE compared with CON group by increasing peak torque(PT) of right and left knee extension(60°/sec, p<0.01, respectively), average power(AP) of right and left knee extension(60°/sec, p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively), and PT of right knee flexion(180°/sec, p<0.05) and AP of right knee extension(180°/sec, p<0.05). In the change of isokinetic trunk muscle function, only PT of trunk extension(180°/sec) was increased in the BE compared with the CON group(p<0.05). In addition, Nurida-ball exercise can improve the spinal alignment by reducing the trunk inclination(p<0.05) in the BE compared with the CON group. Finally, dynamic balance capacity was also enhanced in the BE compared with the CON group by decreasing the score of overall balance index(OBI, p<0.01) and Antero-posterior balance index(p<0.05) in the Stage-6, and OBI(p<0.05) in the Stage-1. This result demonstrated that Nurida-ball exercise may improve spinal alignment, dynamic balance capacity, and isokinetic muscle function, which might be an effective way for the improvement of health-related fitness in middle-aged men.