• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.2 s.332
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• pp.83-88
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• 2005

We propose the design method for the VLSI architecture of FNNPDS combined PDS(partial distance search) and FNNS(fast nearest neighbor search), which are used to fast encoding in vector quantization, and obtain the results that FNNPDS(fast nearest neighbor partial distance search) is faster method than the conventional methods by simulation. In simulations, we investigate timing diagrams described searching time of the nearest codevector for an input vector, and compare the average clock cycles per input vector for Lena and Peppers images. According to the result of simulations, the number of the clock cycle of FNNPDS was reduced to $79.2\%\~11.7\%$ as compared with the number using the conventional techniques.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.308-317
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• 2011

A MBES (multibeam echo sounder) survey around Yokji Island, Korea, was conducted to find an effective method for removing error data. Two post-processing software programs, PDS2000 (RESON) and HIPS (CARIS), were used to remove the error data using an interactive editing method and the CUBE algorithm filter. The post-processing with the PDS2000 and HIPS programs, using the interactive editing method, took 120 and 168 hours, respectively, and there was little difference in the seafloor images. The processing time of the PDS2000 and HIPS programs using the CUBE algorithm filter was 36 and 60 hours, respectively. Nevertheless, there was little difference in the seafloor images because of differences in the factor parameters in each of the post-processing programs. Therefore, post-processing using CUBE filtering can save time in data processing and provide consistent results, excluding the subjective decisions of the operator. This method is more effective than other methods for rejecting erroneous multibeam echo sounder data.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.840-845
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to propose a standard for differentiation between normal dogs and patients with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) by measuring skin thickness via ultrasonography in small breed dogs. Significant changes in skin thickness of patients treated with prednisolone (PDS) or patients with HAC treated with trilostane were evaluated. Skin thickness was retrospectively measured on three abdominal digital images obtained from small breed dogs weighing < 15 kg that underwent abdominal ultrasonography. Mean skin thickness of normal dogs was $1.03{\pm}0.25mm$ (mean ${\pm}$ SD). Both the HAC and PDS groups showed significantly thinner skin than that in the normal group. Seven of the 10 HAC patients treated with trilostane had increased skin thickness. The area under the curve value of 0.807 was based on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for differentiating normal dogs from HAC patients. Sensitivity was 76% and specificity was 73% when skin thickness was less than the 0.83 mm cutoff value. In conclusion, measurement of skin thickness in small breed dogs by using ultrasonography is likely to provide clinical information useful in differentiating HAC patients from normal dogs. However, exposure to PDS, trilostane, and other conditions may have a significant effect on skin thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 1999

Displaced tibial spine fractures need the anatomical reduction of the displaced bone fragment to achieve normal range of motion and anterior stability of the knee joint. The purpose of this paper is to describe details of arthroscopic technique using suture hook and pull-out PDS and to evaluate the clinical results. We report 7 cases who underwent arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation using suture hook and pull-out PDS. All cases had fresh fractures generated within 3 weeks. The follow up period was at average 16.6 months. The fracture union was achieved at average 7.4 weeks. Knee exercise was started 2 weeks after the operation. One of the patients, who had combined injury of posterior cruciate ligament and lateral meniscus, showed limitation of knee movement. But he was underwent the arthroscopic fibrolysis at one year later, he returned to normal range of motion. Arthroscopic treatment of displaced tibial spine fracture using suture hook and pull-out PDS showed good results including rigid fixation and early mobilization. Therefore it is thought to be one of the effective operative techniques in treatment of the tibial spine fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2007

Purpose: The authors introduce a new technique of arthroscopic all inside repair using anterolateral and anteromedial portals for lateral meniscus root complete radial tear in patients who underwent concurrent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Operative technique: Arthroscope is placed through anteromedial portal and suture hook ($Linvatec^{TM}$, Largo, Florida, USA) is delivered through anterolateral portal. By rotating the suture hook, it penetrates posterior horn of the torn meniscus from femoral to tibial surface for vertical orientation. PDS No. 1 ($Ethicon^{TM}$, Somerville, NJ, USA) is delivered through the suture hook, and then it is withdrawn. Both end of PDS No. 1 are taken out through the anterolateral portal. MAXON 2-0 ($Syneture^{TM}$, Norwalk, Connecticut, USA) is used to penetrates remnant of tibial attachment of the torn meniscus from tibial to femoral surface in a same manner. MAXON 2-0 is changed for PDS No. 1 from tibial to femoral surface by shuttle relay technique. PDS No. 1 is tied using SMC (Samsung Medical Center) knot. Conclusion: All inside repair is a useful technique to achieve anatomical repair and to restore the hoop tension in lateral meniscus root complete radial tear.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.22-34
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• 2016

The Project Delivery System (PDS) is used in mixed way without clear classification from tendering system and the standard itself that can be selected is set with project budget or estimated cost only. Essentially, the PDS should consider and reflect project characteristics and types, internal and external factors for the purpose of improving the lives of citizens and their welfare. However, the current status is not operated flexibly due to the given budget, period and uniform laws and regulations. In order to solve this problem, this study suggests a Decision Support Model to select the optimal PDS for public construction projects. The current problem of the PDS for public construction projects were identified and the application of a decision support model was proposed. Subsequently a decision-making model was suggested for each PDS using the identified factors and linear discriminant function of discriminant analysis. An additional questionnaire survey and actual practical case analysis were carried out to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the model to actual work. It can be used by adjusting the decision support model and detailed factors according to the specific characteristics of public organization, ability of person in charge and project type.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1999

Purpose : The importance of meniscal repair is well recognized. But transeciton of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus at the posterior tibial attachment is rarely documented and known irreparable. We experienced 9 cases of transection, and present clinical features and pull out suture technique. Methods and Materials : There were 9cases of transection of the posterior horn of medial meniscus from September 1998 to July 1999 in our hospital. Age was 59.3 years in average and ranged from 38 to 70years. Clinical features and MRI made diagnosis in all cases. We confirmed the diagnosis with arthroscopy and repaired the transection with pullout suture technique. Clinical features : Transection of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus at the posterior tibia attachment occurred frequently in middle aged people. They complained posterior knee pain, but they have no history of definitive trauma. Characteristically they had difficulty in full flexion of the knee and in having a squatting position. MRI is very important in diagnosis of transection, especially in coronal view, there is separation of the posterior horn of the meniscus from the posterior tibial attachment. Surgical technique : Pullout suture technique includes debridement of fibrous or scar tissue, exposure of the subchondral bone of the posterior tibial attachment site, suture the transected end of the meniscus with PDS suture, bone tunnel formation from the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia, insertion of wire loop through the tibia tunnel, pull the PDS suture through the tibia tunnel out of the joint and stabilize the PDS with post-tie technique to the proximal tibia. Conclusion : Transection of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus at the posterior tibial attachment is not common clinically and rarely documented. Clinical features and MRI are very important in diagnosis of this type tear. Arthroscopic pullout sutures is useful for treatment of this type tear of the meniscus.

• ICROS
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

• Ingenium
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.278-281
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• 1998