• 보건행정학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2008

Although the universal health insurance, National Health Insurance (NHI), have improved access to health care and financial burden of health care costs for Koreans, limited coverage of the NHI leads to high out-of-pocket payment for health care. This study examines financial burden of household health expenditures by income level. Data from the Urban Household Expenditure Survey from 1985 through 2005 is analyzed and household expenditure is used as a proxy measure for income. Health expenditures include spending for inpatient care, ambulatory care and pharmaceuticals. If a household spends health expenditure above 40% of household consumption except for foods, that is defined as catastrophic health expenditure. Access to health care for the lowest income group had been improved for two decades relative to other income groups as well as in absolute term. However, both financial burden of health expenditures and the proportion of households that experienced catastrophic health expenditure had been increased in the lowest income group. Study findings have several policy implications. First, in terms of financial burden of health expenditures. the differences among income groups decreased until 2000 but it was worsen in 2005. This suggests that recent policies for extending NHI coverage are not enough to improve the disparity by income level. Second, a differential catastrophic coverage by income level would be an effective strategy that relieves financial burden for low income group. Third, since the catastrophic coverage is applied to only covered services by the NHI, additional strategy for uncovered services should be considered.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.195-212
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• 2005

International trade has been changed from traditional trade to e-trade due to the fast expanding of information technology like e-marketplace, EDI (Electronic data interchange) using Internet since mid of 1990's. e-Trade, as a new trade method, could handle every trade procedure such as market research, contract, customs clearance, logistics and payment using IT like internet without restriction of time and space. The evolution of transaction-based business model is upon us. The business models of many e-Marketplace in their early stages have typically been based on transaction fees. Many e-Marketplaces have even called out transaction revenues as a core element of their business plans. The transaction business represents the most simple of business models, but it does not provide a long-term sustain able advantage. For buyer's convenience, wide selection and test price hold appeal. For suppliers, the extended global market reach and direct access to customers and consortiums of customers is powerful. To maximize leverage of these new e-marketplace, you must from both a buyer perspective as well as a supplier perspective. Also required is a strategy that takes in account all of the various e-Marketplace transaction standards and one that allows the easy accomodation to new e-marketplace as the market change. These new e-marketplace will need to be factored into the sales channel strategies. To be successful, integration with these e-marketplaces should occur at a complete business process level. This study would suggest on the role of buyers and sellers for e-trade which could maximize effect of e-trade in order to cope with rapid changing IT environment and global trade environment. Therefore, this study suggests top priority tasks for implementing on the specialization strategy of e-trade process.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.295-312
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• 2017

Purpose Consumption behaviors of consumers have changed with the widespread use of the Internet and smart phones, and accordingly online marketing activities are becoming ever more prevalent. Yet, the domestic food-service industry has yet to offer an Omni-Channel order system that encompasses a online, offline, and mobile interface. Also, a multilingual menu ordering service for foreign tourists is not yet available. Therefore, if an order service system accessible online and offline which could provide multi-language services were implemented, the satisfaction of the service provider and domestic and foreign customers would be maximized. Design/methodology/approach By designing an electronic menu based on open an OS and providing electronic menus in offline stores, we have completed the design of a linked order system which would be available everywhere (online, offline, and mobile). The CMS was developed to integrate these three mediums and the entire operator was designed to receive basic information and statistical information about the merchants, or store operators. Also, a multilingual term dictionary containing menu information for foreign tourists was made into a database so that foreign tourists who are having difficulty in communication can use it more easily. Findings We have made it possible for customers to use the order service without distinction between online, offline, and mobile platforms, and have proved that it is a more efficient and convenient service for customers as well as operators. Nevertheless, as an initial model, the implemented system has limitations on the execution of the payment support method in the electronic menu board and in the management division of the CMS. In case of commercialization, it is necessary to make an alliance of efforts to attract initial franchises. Through further supplementation, we expect the online and offline connection-types martservice system will maximize the satisfaction of both operators and customers alike.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

최근 한국의 대규모 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 수익률은 저하되고 있는 것으로 파악된다. IT 서비스 프로젝트의 수익률을 저하시키는 가장 큰 이유는 프로젝트와 관련된 여러 위험 요인들이 프로젝트의 일정 지연 및 비용 초과를 초래한 것으로 파악 된다. 이러한 일정 지연 및 비용 초과 현상을 방지하기 위해서는 프로젝트의 위험 요인들을 계약 체결 전에 식별하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 왜냐하면 발주사와 개발사간 계약 조건 협상 시 식별된 위험 요인들을 제거할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 특성으로 인해 프로젝트 수행 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 계약 위험 요인들을 사전에 파악하고 평가할 수 있는 체크리스트를 제시하고, 이를 실제 금융 산업의 IT 서비스 프로젝트에 적용하여 그 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 적용 사례를 분석한 결과 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 위험 요인들을 식별하고 제거하는데 본 연구에서 제시된 체크리스트가 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2011

An IGCC was evaluated as one of the next generation technologies that would be able to substitute for coal-fired power plants. According to "The 4th Basic Plan of Long-term Electricity Supply & Demand" which is developed by the Electricity Business Acts, the first IGCC will be operated at 2015. Like other new and renewable energy such as solar PV, Fuel cell, The IGCC is considered as non-competitive generation technology because it is not maturity technology. Before the commercial operation of an IGCC in our electricity market, its economic feasibility under the Korean electricity market, which is cost-based trading system, is studied to find out institutional support system. The results of feasibility summarized that under the current electricity trading system, if the IGCC is considered like a conventional plant such as nuclear or coal-fired power plants, it will not be expected that its investment will be recouped within life-time. The reason is that the availability of an IGCC will plummet since 2016 when several nuclear and coal-fired power plants will be constructed additionally. To ensure the reasonable return on investment (NPV>0 IRR>Discount rate), the availability of IGCC should be higher than 77%. To do so, the current electricity trading system is amended that the IGCC generator must be considered as renewable generators to set up Price Setting Schedule and it should be considered as pick load generators, not Genco's coal fired-generators, in the Settlement Payment.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.857-871
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• 2013

한국을 비롯한 많은 국가에서 수출보험은 수출증진을 위한 수단으로 이용되어 왔다. 무역자유화를 위한 세계무역기구의 출범 이후에도 수출보험은 여전히 수출증진을 위한 주요 수단으로 인식된다. 본 논문은 국내 기업의 해외법인이 체결한 단기수출보험의 자료를 이용하여 수출보험과 관련한 위험요소(수입자의 신용등급, 결제기간, 모기업의 크기)의 각 등급에 따른 보험가입금액 대비 보험금 지급비율을 산출한다. 이를 위해 일반화 선형모형을 활용, 모델 선택과정을 거쳐 사고빈도(frequency)와 사고심도(severity)를 각각 음이항분포와 로그노말분포로 적합한다. 그리고 일반화 선형모형의 분석결과를 바탕으로 사고빈도와 사고심도에 미치는 각 위험요소의 등급에 따른 계약건수 대비 평균 사고발생 비율과 보험가입금액 대비 평균 지급비율을 제시한다. 이후 이를 통합함으로써 각 위험요소의 등급별 지급비율의 기댓값을 추정한다. 그리고 이 결과를 이용하여 요율산정에 대한 시사점을 논의한다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.723-736
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• 2013

해약율의 추정은 최근 보험제도의 변화 (국제회계기준의 도입에 따른 현금흐름방식의 가격산출체계 시행, 무해약환급금 보험상품의 판매 허용 등)에 따라 보험료의 결정과 손익분석 그리고 리스크 관리 등에 있어서 중요한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 특히, 변액연금은 최저보증옵션으로 인하여 보험계약자의 해약요소가 중요시되고 다른 보험 상품에 비해 복잡하므로 차별성 있는 통계모형의 선택과 분석이 필요하다. 기존의 해약률 연구는 실태분석 또는 회귀분석을 위주로 모형화하는 것에 초점이 맞추어져 있었으나 본 연구에서는 변액연금 계약과 관련된 여러 변수와 최저보증옵션을 반영하기 위하여 생존분석기법 중 하나인 Cox 비례위험모형을 이용하여 해지율을 추정하였다. 변액연금 해지율에 영향을 미치는 주요변수로는 납입방법, 보험료, 보험기간 대비 유지기간, 계약자적립금 대비 최소보증금, 계약자연령이 있으며 본 연구에서는 이에 관하여 분석해보았다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.27-54
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• 2006

기업들이 장기간에 걸쳐 고객관계를 구축하고 관리하여야 할 필요성이 증가함에 따라 고객이탈은 고객생애가치 관점에서 중요성이 점증하고 있다. 이에 대하여 Keaveney(1995)는 서비스 상황에서 고객이탈 및 전환행동에 서비스실패가 가장 주요한 요소임을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구는 Keaveney(1995) 연구를 확장하여 기존 고객들은 서비스실패 상황에서 고객-기업 관계특성의 차이에 따라 서비스실패에 대한 평가 또는 만족에 차이를 보이게 되며 이에 따라 고객이탈이 달라지게 됨을 가구단위의 연속적 서비스 상황을 중심으로 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 마케팅 문헌에 대한 고찰을 통하여 고객-기업 관계특성으로서 관계기간, 이용수준, 의사결정영향력, 산업지식 및 전환비용을 조정변수로 도출하였으며, 국내 초고석인터넷서비스 이용고객을 대상으로 실증분석을 수행하였다. 서비스실패를 결과실패와 과정실패로 고찰하여 분석한 결과 이들의 조정변수로서의 역할이 검증되었다. 본 연구는 이론적으로 서비스실패와 고객이탈과의 관계에서 다양한 고객-기업 관계특성이 조정변수로 작용하고 있음을 검토하였으며, 실무적으로 기존고객의 고객-기업 관계특성에 대한 고객정보 구축 및 이의 효율적 실행을 통하여 고객이탈을 방지할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 21세기 한반도 농업전망과 대책(한국작물학회.한국육종학회 공동주관 심포지움 회보)
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• pp.288-312
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• 1998

In Korea, chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals have had a significant impact on food production and these are today thought to be an indispensable part of modern agriculture. On the other hand, socioeconomical and IMF and WTO status in Korea are constant reminders of the vulnerability of our fossil fuel dependent agriculture. A new crop production system to improve economic, environmental and production efficiency must be exploited. Our particular concern has been given to an integrated cropping system involving recycling of crop residues, soil and N management, biological N fixation and multipurpose legumes. As a new integrated crop production system, a no-till direct-sown rice-vetch relaying cropping system has been proposed in this paper. The formulation of this system is based on the conception that N fertilizers being neither limitlessly available nor affordable, the current high-input crop production systems have produced troubled results severe labour shortage ill rural areas, balance of payment, environmental degradation and reduction of human health far exceed economic concerns. A natural and logical consequence is that long-term sustainability of agricultural systems must rely on the use and effective management of internal resources. Based on the information obtained throughout a series of experiments last years we have proved that the no-till direct-sown rice-vetch relaying cropping system dictates biological alternative which can augment, and in some cases replace, N fertilizers. Comprehensive discussions were made for the proposed system and it concluded that the system can offer an economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external nitrogen input and improving the quality and quantity of internal resources, and consequently improving the farmers as well as the national returns.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2020

This study aims to seek a proper policy direction in response to the demand for apartment remodeling. As the research methods, we diagnosed the current status of the remodeling policy and analyzed the demand for apartment remodeling nationwide. According to the result of analysis, we suggested the fundamental direction and tasks for remodeling policies to be pursued at the government level. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the result of analysis showed that the demand for environmental improvement(performance improvement) remodeling project was much higher than other types of remodeling projects. The percentage of unit increased-type remodeling that can secure business feasibility is about 10% and only 30% when it comes to reducing project costs. The remaining 70-90% need to be promoted in environmental improvement remodeling projects which dependent on the residents' payment. Second, in order to prepare a policy action plan in response to the demand for apartment remodeling, it is necessary to set up clear policy goals and strategies for apartment remodeling in advance at the national level. Along with proactive goals and strategies, graded policy support should be accompanied per type of remodeling and business demand. We also suggest to simplify administrative procedures and support the R&D research to develop technologies. It would help to utilize the unit increased-type remodeling. On the other hand, for utilizing the environmental improvement remodeling which takes up a relatively high proportion, the policy should take care of as follows: offering housing performance information, rationalizing long term repair reserve, fostering small companies and experts. Finally, apartment management system should be advanced from the perspectives of managing old apartments and institutional foundations such as new construction and customized regulations for differentiated remodeling should be accompanied.