• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.574-587
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to classify shopper types by high-school girls' purchasing motivations of color cosmetics and to examine the effects of store evaluative criteria and information sources on store patronage behaviors. A questionnaire was developed based on the previous studies and was administrated to 534 high-school girls living in Busan High school girls were pursuing to cover and white their faces by using color cosmetics. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, chi-square test, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncantest, and regression analysis using SPSS 12.0. The results showed that they were classified Covering/whitening pursuing groups, Beauty pursuing groups, and Curiosity/conformity pursuing groups by their purchasing motivations of color cosmetics. High school are girls pursuing to cover and white their faces by using color cosmetics, and are were likely to visit low price specialty stores. This is influenced by their experiences and information from their friends or families. Girls using color cosmetics from their curiosity or conformity were likely to shop in low price specialty stores with a good layout and kind salespersons, while they were likely to use general specialty stores when they wanted to exchange and test cosmetics. These findings may provide useful implications for researchers and marketers related to color cosmetics markets of high school girls.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.663-671
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare high-school students importance and performance toward restaurant service attributes for the marketing strategy development. Specific objectives were to: a) investigate restaurant patronage characteristics of high school students; b) identify the difference of patronage behavior among three types of restaurants; and c) analyze the importance and performance among three types of restaurants. A questionnaire was developed and hand-delivered to 400 students enrolled 9th grade in 4 different high schools in Seoul. A total of 320 students (80%) was responded to this study. The questionnaire was composed of two parts with 47 restaurant service attribute statements. Results of this study were as follows: 1. A total of 57% was female and 61% of respondents spent less than ￦5,000 per week on eating out. 2. The frequency of visiting the low-priced restaurant was 8.9 times per week. 3. Reasons for being a patronage to low- (${\geq}$￦2,000) and mid-priced ( <￦2,000 and ${\geq}$￦5,000) restaurants were hunger, appointment, and seeking favorites with freinds but the reason for high-priced (<￦5,000) restaurants was celebrating special days with parents. 4. The main source of information for selecting restaurants was family and friends, T.V. advertising, and bulletin board. 5. For the low-priced restaurants, food, hygiene, price, and location were rated as important; location, price, menu, and food were rated as satisfied. 6. For the mid-priced restaurants, hygiene, food, price, and menu were rated as important; food, hygiene, service, and menu were rated as satisfied. 7. For the high-priced restaurants, hygiene, food, and atmosphere were rated as important; food, hygiene, atmosphere, and menu were as satisfied. 8. According to paired t-test, the score gap between importance and performance was the highest in the hygiene attribute; differences were high with the low-priced and low with high-priced restaurants.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-123
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• 2008

국내 주요 소매업체들은 정기적인 고객만족조사의 결과를 기반으로 고객만족경영을 추구해왔다. 그러나 고객만족조사의 문제점 가운데 하나는 고객만족조사에 기반하여 추정된 고객만족지수가 고객들의 점포애고행위를 충분히 예측하지 못한다는 것이다. 그 이유로는 고객만족을 측정하는 항목들이 주로 가격이나 고객과의 접점에서 발생하는 기능적 속성(attribute)들로 구성되며, 소비자들이 중요하게 생각하는 정서적 측면의 고객가치를 제대로 반영하지 못하고 있다는 것을 들 수 있다. 본 연구는 쇼핑가치를 Zeithaml(1988)이 제안한 지각된 편익(benefit)과 지불한 비용(cost)에 기초한 소비자의 주관적인 평가로 정의내리고, 이를 모형화하여 측정한다. 기존의 소매점 고객만족조사에서 발견된 문제점을 보완하기 위해 실용적 가치를 반영하는 항목들과 쾌락적 가치를 반영하는 항목들을 지각된 편익에 반영함으로써 고객만족에 대한 설명력을 향상시키고자 했다. 투입되는 비용에 있어서도 금전적 비용 외에 쇼핑과정에서 발생하는 다양한 인지적/시간적 노력을 포함하는 비금전적 비용을 모형에 반영한다. 쇼핑가치에 대한 개념적 틀을 기반으로 쇼핑가치가 고객만족, 그리고 구매빈도나 구매금액과 같은 실제구매행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 실증적으로 검토하기 위해 서울 강남권 여성고객들의 백화점 이용실태에 대해 서베이조사를 실시하고, 이 자료에 근거해 쇼핑가치와 소비자의 구매행동간의 관계를 실증분석하였다. 분석결과 고객들이 해당 백화점에 대한 쇼핑가치를 높게 평가할수록 만족도도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또 고객만족도는 구매빈도와 구매금액으로 측정된 구매행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 5개의 가치차원 중 쾌락적 편익, 서비스, 그리고 비금전적 비용이 유의하게 고객만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 금전적 비용은 고객만족에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.91-107
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• 1996

The paper examines the dividend on purchase and revolving funds system of fisheries cooperatives, and discusses how to reform the current revolving funds system. In general, there are two types of dividend that fisheries cooperatives pay to their members : (1) dividend on capital and (2) dividend on purchase or patronage dividend. During the last 5 years from 1990 to 1994, the rate of total dividend ranged from 7.5% to 8.6%. The average rate of dividend on capital and dividend on purchase are 7.3% and 0.5%, respectively. On average, the level of dividend on capital is almost 15 times as high as that of dividend on purchase. Since the dividend on purchase is supposed to be reinvested into capital by the Articles of the cooperatives, it is paid only if there are additional funds available after the payment of dividend on capital and is regarded as the secondary type of dividend. For this reason, even though most of fisheries cooperatives pay the dividend on capital, only a small number of cooperatives pay the patronage dividend. This means that most of cooperatives cannot materialize the managerial function of dividend on purchase to improve their operational efficiency under the current system of revolving funds. Therefore, the paper suggests that in the long run, the system of revolving funds should be reformed in the way that revolving funds could serve to complement equity capital for only a fixed time, after which they are repaid to members.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.878-886
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify clothing shopping orientation of university students and brand loyalty in Jinju, Korea. In addition, the effect of consumer's shopping orientation and brand equity factors on brand loyalty were analyzed. A self-administrated questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. A total of 257 useful data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 program. About 64.6% were female with the mean age of 22.2 years old. The results of this study were as follows. First, clothing shopping orientation was classified into 6 factors: hedonic, store patronage, planned, brand-pursued, economic, and convenience shopping orientation. Second, brand equity was identified into two factors, brand image and brand-consumer relationship. Third, store patronage and hedonic orientation were significant predictors of brand loyalty($R^2$=.275). Brand image and brand-consumer relationship showed significant effects on brand loyalty($R^2$=.541). Findings of this study were expected to contribute to understand young consumers in a typical trading area and to develop marketing strategy for casual brands to increase and maintain brand loyalty.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1320-1330
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to classify Y generation according to Hip Hop mania elements and to investigate the differences in psychological characteristics (self-consciousness, egocentrism) and buying behavior of Hip Hop fashion among the classified groups. The subjects were 500 middle and high school students living in Seoul and Kyonggi area.46g data were analysed using cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as (follows : As a result of classifying Y generation with Hip Hop mania element including behavior and attitude aspect they were classified into three groups; Hip Hop mania group, Hip Hop interesting group, Hip Hop uninterested group. Among groups there were significant differences in public and private self-consciousness, self-centeredness, evaluative criteria of Hip Hop fashion, information sources and clothing store patronage. Hip Hop Mania group showed significantly higher level in both public and private self-consciousness, thus the members of the group were so egocentric in their thinking and behavior. When they purchased Hip Hop fashion, they regarded both aesthetic appreciation and practicality as import information.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.193-219
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• 2017

캄보디아의 2016년은 민주주의가 퇴행을 거듭한 한 해였다. 집권당의 권력 독점을 위한 정치공작과 탄압이 점차 교묘한 수준으로 진화하며 의회정치와 시민사회를 옥죄며 민주주의를 퇴행시켰다. 한편 표심을 얻기 위한 시혜성 정책들과 이를 뒷받침하는 후원-수혜 관계의 정치구조는 더욱 고착화되어갔다. 캄보디아 경제는 2016년 한 해 대체로 성장세를 유지했지만 대내외 여건이 악화되면서 기형적 경제구조 속에 내재된 문제점들이 서서히 노출되며 심각한 경고를 보내고 있다. 국제관계에서 가장 두드러진 부분은 탈월입중(脫越入中)의 형세를 이룬 것이다. 하지만 노골적인 친 중국 노선은 동시에 베트남과의 갈등, 나아가 아세안 내부에 심각한 파열음을 일으킬 수 있는 요인을 배태하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.81-101
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• 2021

Traditional department stores have been struggling to attract customers for several years. Many retail stores have closed in recent years, even before the COVID-19 pandemic. The reinvention of in-store shopping value and experience is imperative to attract customers and reinvigorate retail business. The purpose of this study was to discover which in-store components can improve customer experiences and loyalty while also identifying dissatisfaction issues in consumer experiences in department stores. The data was collected from two consumer groups-luxury department store (Selfridges) customers and mid-market department store (Debenhams) customers-to identify the types of value and experiences they seek most often. The findings showed that to enhance their store patronage, Debenhams should reposition their brand image in a way that allows customers to connect with their self-image and lifestyle by improving efficiency and convenience and prioritizing the utilitarian and social value types. By contrast, Selfridges should enhancetheir store atmosphere, visual merchandising and sensory experiences by maximizing slow retailing experiences and emphasizing the aspirational self-concept image for symbolic and hedonic value. This research uncovered the existence of numerous overlappingvalue dimensions, each of which contributed to the enhancement of the others. Several young customers expressed their support for ecologically responsible, cost-effective second-hand luxury products. Instead of focusing merely on conventional value dimensions, department retailers should determine how environmental and ethical objectives can be fulfilled. This study explained how department stores can craft their in-store environments to appeal to their customers' preferred value types to ensure success in a competitive market.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

In this paper we study the weak and strong convergence to minimizers of convex function of proximal point algorithm SP-iteration of three multivalued nonexpansive mappings in a Hilbert space.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.41-58
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were 1) to segment the market based on purchase frequency of products such as apparel, food, home electronics, life commodity in department store and low-price retailing, 2) to identify differences among segments in belief and attitude toward each store, purchase frequency of apparel items in each store and demographic variables. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 274 married women living in Seoul, Korea and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and x$^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, using cluster analysis on purchase frequency of products in each store, four groups were identified and labeled as department store patronage/ non-purchasers of apparel in low-price retailing(25.2%), purchasers of apparel in department store and low-price retailing(16.8%), low-price retailing patronage(30.3%) and non-purchasers of products in department store and low-price retailing(27.0%). Second, a series of one-way ANOV As revealed significant differences among four segments on beliefs of low-price retailing(four store attributes: price and variety of apparel product, facilities for convenient shopping, promotion, brand-reputation and fashionability of apparel product) and department store(three store attributes: price and variety of apparel product, facilities for convenient shopping and promotion) and attitude toward low-price retailing and department store. Attitude toward each store was yielded using Fishbein's multiattributes model. There were also significant differences among groups in purchase frequency of seven apparel items in low-price retailing and six apparel items in department store, and six demographic and personal variables(age, educational status, type of husband's occupation, monthly income and housing). Finally, the papers discussed manageral implications for each segments as well as theoretical implications.