• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.368-376
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• 2009

DUR (Drug Utilization Review) originally referred to the evaluation of drug usage details: however DUR refers to the system used to support the services of prescribing and dispensing through linking from Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) Service in Korea. HIRA is going to begin the DUR enforcement for extending to nationwide coverage after pilot test. Objectives: The aims for this study were to evaluate and clarify the current opinions of the pharmacists for the recognition and acceptance rates before nationwide coverage concerning DUR system. Methods: A 16-question-questionnaire was developed and pilot tested. For 40 days of survey by both on-line and fax paper, it was carried out on 80 pharmacists working at community pharmacy in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do. Results: Most of answers were broadly positive and interested in begining the DUR system and kept in mind that the goal of DUR is safety guarantee for people. On the other hand, most of answerers worry that delay of patient waiting time and inharmonious communication with doctors in DUR processing can be a major obstacle to begin the DUR system. Conclusion: To solve several problems, the most important things are to make good reciprocal relationships between doctors and pharmacists, investigate intervention tool to shorten patient waiting time, and activate educational program of inspecting items for the pharmacists.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2010

Patients entering an emergency care center in a hospital usually visit medical processes in different orders depending on the urgency level and the medical treatments required. We formulate the patient flows among diverse processes in an emergency care center using the Jackson network, which is one of the queueing networks, in order to evaluate the system performances such as the expected queue length and the expected waiting time. We present a case study based on actual data collected from an emergency care center in a hospital, in order to prove the validity of applying the Jackson network model in practice. After assessing the current system performances, we provide operational strategies to reduce waiting at the bottleneck processes and evaluate the impact of those strategies on the entire system.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

Objective: This study is to review the current state of services offered to pharmacy users, and develop a service design converging a prescription service and a smart phone application service in order to enhance patients' experience at pharmacies and home. Background: Under the new medical system; separation of prescribing and dispensing drugs, a doctor writes a prescription to their patients and patients have their prescription filled at the pharmacy. As the number of flue, allergy and atopy patients has increased, waiting lines have been longer at pharmacies. Besides, the current medical service system lacks of providing proper information on prescribed pills to patients. There are already services offered during waiting times such as offering free drinks, magazines or suggesting general drugs which you can buy without prescription, however they neither cover the current medical service's shorts nor shorten the waiting time. Method: I researched objective and perceived waiting times reduction methods, the current service status at pharmacies, and the government's policy direction in a medical service. Also, I observed a patient's journey from the hospital to pharmacy and then home. I examined the circumstance at pharmacies, patients' behaviors and their thoughts during their journey, and extracted three main goals to design a service in order to help patients have positive perception during the waiting time; (1) to reduce the perceived time by the way of visualizing time and offering readings about what patients consider necessary, (2) to educate patients what they are into and how to get through, (3) to establish trust among patients, doctors and pharmacists. Based on three goals, I designed a structure and a wireframe for a new service application of smart phones. Results: With a new service design for pharmacy users, users can track their medical record and visit the information about their current medical treatments anytime. Also the service helps patients build reliable relationships with doctors and pharmacists. Conclusion: Experience is not just an activity but series of multiple activities. The serving range of a medical service should not be determined by stakeholders but user's holistic experience. By approaching a service design with a holistic vision, it can enrich not only a temporary experience but also a whole life well being. Application: Since there are already many service applications advising patients about their illness and finding right doctors, this service design is focused on the experience from getting a prescription till feeling better. The next move is to combine those two parts medical services and design an integrated service application. As a prescription is going to be coded in numbers, we might consider to design an un-attended pharmacy which can shorten huge amount of time for filling prescriptions.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 1998

This study is to investigate patient's choice of health care and the demand for Korean traditional medicine care in rural areas in 1995. It tried to evaluate the effect of out-of-pocket expenditure, travel time, and waiting time on improving care-seeking and substituting clinical medicine for pharmacy care and Korean traditional medicine care in rural areas. The statistical model of this study is conditional logit to estimate effects of choice-specific and individual-specific characteristics on the choice of type of services. This study used, as explanatory variables, average out-of-pocket payment, travel time, and waiting time of services required to use the services. The model was empirically tested using data from 1995 Korean National Health Survery. The results showed that rural Koreans responded to out-of pocket payment and travel time. Increases of out-of-pocket payment and travel time decreased the probability to choose care in rural Korea. Rural Koreans were more likely to seek care than others with low out-of-pocket payment and travel time. The probability of choosing Korean traditional medicine were higher among the members of the households with higher education level and older persons, while they were lower in the households with large family than others compared with the probabilities of choosing public health facilities. The result of this study implies that policy on use of health care in rural Korea can be focused in managing travel time and out-of-pocket payment.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2000

Background : This study was designed to assess the effects of information on the satisfaction of parents and families whose children underwent elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room. Methods : We measured parent and family satisfaction with information given before and after offering informational interventions. The data were collected from 510 patients parents and families whose children had undergone elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul. South Korea. The data collection ran from May 3. 1999 to May 30. 1999 and from September 6, 1999 to September 30, 1999. The research instrument consisted of four categories (pre-operative period, intra-operative period, post-operative period, others) and 24 questionnaires. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results : The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Before surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of the necessary preparation for the surgery (6.0%), the time the patient would enter the operating room (20.6%), the operative procedure (2.0%), and the use of the waiting room (10.0%). 2. During the operation, the satisfaction with the situation board (15.1%), public announcements in the waiting room (8.4%), and the answering of the families questions (12.2%) was increased. however, the satisfaction with the surgeons explanations of the surgical outcomes decreased by 8.3%, even though the frequency of these explanations increased by 5%. 3. After surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of patient's status of recovery(10.3%) the time the patient would be moved from the recovery room (17.6%), how the patient would be transferred to the ward (19.2%), and post-operative care (6.3%). Conclusion : Based upon the above findings, we concluded that pre-, intra-, and post-operative informational interventions were effective in increasing the satisfaction of the parents and families of children undergoing elective surgery.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.234-246
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• 2007

The combination of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine is one of the safest and most commonly used drug regimens for sedating young, uncooperative pediatric dental patients. Midazolam IM or IN and $N_2O/O_2$ inhalation is sometimes administered with chloral hydrate and hydroxyzinecombination when deeper and longer sedation is needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome and safety of chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and $N_2O/O_2$ in the sedation of a large number of uncooperative pediatric dental patients and to identify variables associated with their effectiveness. In a nine-month retrospective study, 171 records of sedation performed in 94 healthy children(male 46, female 48) with mean age of $30{\pm}8$ months were reviewed. The authors analyzed several variables such as age, sex, weight, methods of drug delivery, waiting time after drug delivery, treatment rendered, treatment time, adverse events, sedation outcome. Eighty five percent of sedation had success behavioral outcome. Sedation sessions rated success used more $N_2O/O_2$ administration and had longer treatment duration than sedation sessions rated failure. A children patient under 36 months of age had enough sleep by only oral administration and the mean waiting time of this case was significantly shorter than that of a children patient over 36 months of age. There was a clear correlation between age and $N_2O/O_2$ using tine, but no correlation between weight and $N_2O/O_2$ using time. There was no statistically significant difference among variables of treatment duration, $N_2O/O_2$ administration and adverse event.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.247-261
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• 2005

The main objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting patient satisfaction, repeat-use intention, and inducement intention for providing the suggestion for patient-oriented management of dental services organizations. For this study, the patient satisfaction model including 14 facets of satisfaction factors such as distance(time/location), human services(dentist-hygienist), treatment results, and facilities(convenient facilities/parking lot) was examined. Data were collected from 196 patients who visiting the same dental services organization more than two times of ten dental clinics at Kyeongsangnam-do area using self-administered questionnaire. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, patient satisfaction, repeat-use intention, and inducement intention were significantly correlated with gender, age, economic conditions among patients of dental clinics. Second, kindness of hygienist, treatment results, kindness of receptionist, waiting time, emergency medical services, and right-fee for services were found to have significant influence on dental services organizations. These research findings suggest that improvement of service quality in dental care and advancement in treatment ability of dentist and hygienist are very important to improve patient satisfaction and patient-oriented service system in dental services organizations.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.36-48
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• 1990

This study was attempted to provide us with basic information on how to improve understanding with patients for operation, and to offer then better nursing and treatment. This kind of study will help scientific application to nursing practice and operating room. The data was collected by interviewing 29 patients who underwent the elective surgery under the general anesthesia at Y hospital in Seoul. The interview ran from October 15 to December 15, 1989. The research instrument was a anxiety measurement device (SAAI) originally developed by Spielberger, et al and modified by Jung-Tack Kim. 1. Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis one was that there would be a difference in state anxiety level according to a time difference in watiting for operation. This hypothesis was rejected(state.anxiety level one hour before operation P>.05, r-.747, State anxiety level half an hour before operation P>.05, r-.1550, state anxiety level just before operation, P>.05, r=.1099). However, state anxiety, evel appeared to be associated with a longer watiting period, like one day before operation (P<.05, r-.4628). Hypothesis two was that there would be a difference according to state anxiety level of patients for operation. This was rejected. (Change of blood perssure in systolie P>.05 r=.1082, Change of blood pressure in diastolic P>.05, r=.088, Change of pulse rate, P>.05, r-1.909) 2. Examining trait anxiety and state anxiety levels, the average level of trait anxiety was 42.034, and the average level of state anxiety one day before operation was 43,000. The average level of state anxiety was averaged 42.356 in a waiting room for operation. 3. Examining the state anxiety level by time period, the one hour before was 42.379 the level half an hour before 42.276, and the level just before operation 42.414. The low level of state anxiety was due to the fact that premedication was not eliminated. 4. Age and time period like one day before operation was related to state anxiety level (F=5.271, P<.0.01) and blood pressure in waiting room for operation. That is, state anxiety level and blood pressure of patients one day before operation appeared high. Sex was relation to changes of blood pressure ; the blood pressure of male patients appeard higer than of female patients. A marital status was also related anxiety level one hour before operation the married patient for operation showed a higher state anxiety level than that of the unmarried patient for operation. Education was similarily related to trait anxiety level in which highly educated patients show lower levels of trait anxiety than poorly educated ones. Motive for hospitalization was related to state anxiety level for patient one hour before operation (F=6.464, P<.05) likewise, patients who are supposed to undergo operation hastily showed higher levels of anxiety than patients who expect elective surgeries.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.4 s.51
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• pp.114-121
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• 2005

Recently, it is not too much to say that the world of hospital architecture in Korea is in a time of transition that undergo big changes. Each hospital .pursues their transformation not only for patiences' changing demands on medical services but to cope with rapid environmental changes that pouring like boundless competition, opening tendency and to get an advantage of competition to attract patiences with other hospitals. It is because national expectations and standards on medical services have risen and they are not satisfied with hospitals that run for doctors and medical care that served technically any more. With rising interests in health, it is emphasized not the functions of hospitals to prevent diseases but the purpose of treatment and securing other facilities according to rising economical incomes except medical facilities.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2002

Patient satisfaction is an important factor in evaluating the quality of care. Patient satisfaction may be used to evaluate provider services and facilities, and used to predict the patient returns to a facility. The patients decision whether the patient returns to a facility or whether the patient recommends the facility to other people may be affected by a variety of factors of patient satisfaction. This study is to develop and test of a translated and modified Goldstein's instrument that measures patient satisfaction among physical therapists patients and clients. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in Seoul, Chung-Joo and Bu-Cheon cities. Survey data was obtained from 743 patients who visited the physical therapy practice at university hospitals, general hospitals and clinics. The instrument developed by Goldstein was used and translated into Korean. Several items were added to the instrument. Patient's opinions of service in each domain measured using 5-point Likert-type scales that ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to indicate which questions examined similar components of patient satisfaction. Component analysis indicated eight scales (kindness, scheduling, recommendation, convenience of parking, privacy, and waiting time). Different types of validity were established well. The coefficient of reliability (Cronbach alpha =.97) obtained for the instrument was clearly within a desired range.