• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.488-496
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• 1988

Thirty-seven patients of aortic aneurysm underwent operations during January 1984 December 1987 at our hospital. Twenty-six patients had aneurysms involving ascending aorta, three patients had aneurysms involving both ascending aorta and abdominal aorta. and eleven patients had aneurysms involving descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. Among the patients who had aneurysms involving ascending aorta, annuloaortic ectasia with aortic regurgitation were thirteen and all of these underwent ascending aorta graft replacement + AVR with composite graft. The patients who had aortic regurgitation due to ascending aortic dissection were three and all of these underwent intraluminal ringed graft insertion at ascending aorta + aortic valve resuspension. Intraluminal ringed graft insertion was safe, simple, and fast method in the operation for aortic aneurysm. Eleven patients were underwent this operation and the results were good. Major causes of death of the patients who underwent aortic aneurysm operation are underlying cardiovascular diseases or delayed rupture of the aneurysm or complications related newly appeared aneurysm. Among our patients, dissection progressions were appeared in two but neither severe nor complicated. And no patient died from delayed rupture of aneurysm or complications related newly appeared aneurysm. All patients were followed up via OPD and were controlled hypertension or heart failure if present. Operative mortality is 18.9\ulcornera in all, 23% in patients who had aneurysms involving ascending aorta and 7.6` who had aneurysms involving descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. Comparing with other reports, our operative mortality is still high but improved steadily. So we recommend aggressive surgical management of the aortic aneurysm.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2017

Background: To improve postoperative outcomes associated with interstitial pneumonia (IP) in patients with lung cancer, the management of the postoperative acute exacerbation of IP (PAEIP) was investigated. Methods: Patients with primary lung cancer were considered to be at risk for PAEIP (possible PAEIP) based on a preoperative evaluation. The early phase of this study was from January 2001 to December 2008, and the late phase was from January 2009 to December 2014. In the early phase, chest computed tomography (CT) was performed for patients for whom PAEIP was suspected based on their symptoms, whereas in the late phase, chest CT was routinely performed within a few days postoperatively. The numbers of possible PAEIP cases, actual PAEIP cases, and deaths within 90 days due to PAEIP were compared between both phases. Results: In the early and late phases, surgery was performed in 712 and 617 patients, 31 and 72 possible PAEIP cases were observed, nine and 12 actual PAEIP cases occurred, and the mean interval from the detection of PAEIP to starting treatment was $7.3{\pm}2.3$ and $5.0{\pm}1.8$ days, respectively. Five patients died in the early phase, and one patient died in the late phase. Significantly fewer PAEIP-related deaths were observed in the late phase (p<0.05). Conclusion: Identifying patients at risk for PAEIP by routine postoperative CT examinations led to the early diagnosis and treatment of PAEIP, resulting in the reduction of PAEIP-related mortality.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 1999

The World Association for Sexology (WAS) will adopt a Declaration of Sexual Rights as basic and fundamental human rights August this year in Hong Kong. Two years ago WAS has been developing a Declaration of Sexual Rights in order to further promote sexual health and protect the sexual rights of everyone. Undoubtedly sexuality is one of the most intriguing subjects in the area of human behavior and psychology, and has been so since antiquity. The influence of sexual factors of human on all aspects of the society has been immense. The varieties of marriage, from traditional to the open marriage model are presented in front of our sight. The influences of women's movement in Korea, which has produced sexual, psychological, economic, political, familial and social changes look so small and the changes are not that much in America. But the profound effects of the women's movement affect on Korean society being realized as man's view of woman and woman's view of herself undergo constant change and reevaluation. With increased sexual awareness on the part of the public owing to mass media, for example AH-U-SEONG aired in TV and with increased emphasis on sexual matters in daily life, more and more physicians are being asked to deal with and manage sex-related problems in their daily practice. Yet, despite the obvious need for informed sexual counseling, doctors are often uncomfortable about sexual matters and many physicians have no special expertise in this area. So physicians concerned in sexology especially such as gynecologists, urologists, psychiatrists and endocrinologists must realize well about sex-related knowledge which is needed for counseling the patient as medical consumer and gap between reality and ideality in sexual diagnosis and treatment. Establishment of management system for the people who have sexual problems is strongly needed to promote sexual health and protect the sexual rights of everyone and for the Sexual Rights as basic and fundamental human rights.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 2007

Purpose. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disabilities and increasing dependence on others for daily life activities with consequent impact on patients' and caregivers' quality of life. The aim of this study was to elucidate the burden on primary caregivers of patients with PD, and identify related factors. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study. Seventy-six primary caregivers of PD patients in a neurology out-patient clinic, Seoul, Korea completed structured questionnaires, of which 68 were analyzed. The structured self-report questionnaire included (1) demographic information on the caregivers, (2) information regarding the disease characteristics of the patients, and (3) the subjective and objective caregiver burdens as assessed on Montgomery, Gonyea, & Hooyman's scale. Results. The mean age of the caregivers was 54.56 years, and spouses represented the largest proportion (47.0%). Caregivers of PD patients experienced high levels of burden (mean scores on the subjective and objective burdens were 45.22 and 34.90, respectively), which were comparable to the caregiver burdens in stroke, and higher than the caregiver burdens in general chronic disease. Older caregivers and spousal caregivers experienced significantly higher burdens (p=.004 and p=.019, respectively). A greater motor disability and higher modified Hoehn and Yahr grade were related to higher caregiver burden (p=.001 and p=.018, respectively). Conclusion. Caring for PD patients is associated with a high level of caregiver burden. Therefore, healthcare professionals should identify the burden of caregivers who look after PD patients and develop comprehensive management strategies both for patients and their caregivers.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2004

The primary goal of six sigma is to improve patient satisfaction, and thereby profitability, by reducing and eliminating defects. Defects may be related to any aspect of customer satisfaction: high product quality, schedule adherence, cost minimization, process capability indices, defects per unit, and yield. Many six sigma metrics can be mathematically related to the others. Literally, six means six standard deviations from the mean or median value. As applied to quality metrics, the term indicates that failures are at least six standard deviations from the mean or norm. This would mean about 3.4 failures per million opportunities for failure. The objective of six sigma quality is to reduce process output variation so that on a long term basis, which is the customer's aggregate experience with our process over time, this will result in no more than 3.4 defect Parts Per Million(PPM) opportunities (or 3.4 Defects Per Million Opportunities. For a process with only one specification limit (upper or lower), this results in six process standard deviations between the mean of the process and the customer's specification limit (hence, 6 Sigma). The results of applicative six sigma experiment studied on 18 items TP, ALB, T.B, ALP, AST, ALT, CL, CK, LD, K, Na, CRE, BUN, T.C, GLU, AML, CA tests in clinical chemistry were follows. Assessment of process performance fits within six sigma tolerance limits were TP, ALB, T.B, ALP, AST, ALT, CL, CK, LD, K, Na, CRE, BUN, T.C, GLU, AML, CA with 72.2%, items that fit within five sigma limits were total bilirubin, chloride and sodium were 3 sigma. We were sure that the goal of six sigma would reduce test variation in the process.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2004

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to examine and to compare factors causing stress and coping methods between nephrology nurses working in the Hospitals of University and the Hemodialysis Clinics. Method: Data were collected by a direct survey method using a questionnaire from August 13 to August 31, 2001. The sample of 137 nephrology nurses in the twenty-one Hospitals of University and 168 nephrology nurses in the twenty-six Hemodialysis Clinics were selected for a total sample of 305 nurses. Result: Stress according to general characteristics showed a significant difference in religion and in the level of satisfaction for their work. Stress score was the highest in the nurses whose religion was Buddhism(F=4.846, P=0.008) and in the group with 'dissatisfied' for the work in the Hemodialysis unit(F=3.193, P=0.014). The results analyzed coping method according to the general characteristics had a significant difference only in religion(F=16.237, P=0.000). The score for the coping method was the highest in Buddism. The score compared the satisfaction level for their work according to the hospital type, were 3.55 in the Hospital of University group and 3.35 in the Hemodialysis clinic group and these two values were significant different(p<0.05). The mean score of the stress nephrology nurses in the Hospitals of University is 2.79 and that of the stress nephrology nurses in the Hemodialysis clinics is 2.78 of 4 point scale. Among the factors causing stress, items related nursing work and conflict in nurse-patient relationship significantly caused more stress to the nephrology nurses in the Hospitals of University than to those in the Hemodialysis clinics(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that there were some differences in the stress and coping methods between nephrology nurses in the hospitals of University and the Hemodialysis clinics. Further study related to stress management program is needed to decrease stress and use effective coping methods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.309-314
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• 2013

This study aimed to identify the effect of chronic mind-body function decline on health-related activities of daily living. Data collection was surveyed using interview and questionnaires by 148 subjects in a general hospital located in Seoul from June 8 to July 13, 2011. The results were as follows: First, based on exercise habit, patient group who do exercise regularly showed in male(26.7%) and female(22.7%), respectively. The risk ratio of it was 0.25 times. On the other hand, control group who do exercise regularly showed in male(42.2%) and female(31.8%), respectively. The risk ratio of it was 0.61 times. Secondly, the risk ratio of social factor in male was 45.18 times(p=.04) while the risk ratio of physical factor in female was 237.1 times(p=.001). In conclusion, to prevent declining of chronic mind-body function, it is necessary to solve stress through sound life rhythm maintenance, immunity enhancing food intake and continuous exercise.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Endometriosis is a common inflammatory disease in women of reproductive age and is one of the major causes of infertility. Endometriosis causes a sustained reduction of ovarian reserve through both physical mechanisms and inflammatory reactions, which result in the production of reactive oxygen species and tissue fibrosis. The severity of endometriosis is related to ovarian reserve. With regard to infertility treatment, medical therapy as a neoadjuvant or adjuvant to surgical therapy has no definite beneficial effect. Surgical treatment of endometriosis can lead to ovarian injury during the resection of endometriotic tissue, which leads to the deterioration of ovarian reserve. To overcome this disadvantage, a multistep technique has been proposed to minimize the reduction of ovarian reserve. When considering surgical treatment of endometriosis in patients experiencing infertility, it should be kept in mind that ovarian reserve can be reduced both due to endometriosis itself and by the process of removing endometriosis. In cases of mild- to moderate-stage endometriosis, intrauterine insemination with ovarian stimulation after surgical treatment may increase the likelihood of pregnancy. In cases of severe endometriosis, the characteristics of the patient should be considered in a multidisciplinary manner to determine the prioritization of treatment modalities, including surgical treatment and assisted reproduction methods such as in vitro fertilization. The risk of cancer, complications after pregnancy, and infection during oocyte retrieval should also be considered when making treatment decisions.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.155-170
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• 2003

Lumbar segmental instability is considered to represent a significant sub-group within the chronic low back pain population. This condition has a unique clinical presentation that displays its symptoms and movement dysfunction within the neutral zone of the motion segment. The loosening of the motion segment secondary to injury and associated dysfunction of the local muscle system renders it biomechanically vulnerable in the neutral zone. There in evidence of muscle dysfunction related to the control of the movement system. There is a clear link between reduced proprioceptive input, altered slow motor unit recruitment and the development of chronic pain states. Dysfunction in the global and local muscle systems in presented to support the development of a system of classification of muscle function and development of dysfunction related to musculoskeletal pain. The global muscles control range of movement and alignment, and evidence of dysfunction is presented in terms of imbalance in recruitment and length between the global stability muscles and the global mobility muscles. The local stability muscles demonstrate evidence of failure of aeequate segmental control in terms of allowing excessive uncontrolled translation or specific loss of cross-sectional area at the site of pathology Motor recruitment deficits present as altered timing and patterns of recruitment. The evidence of local and global dysfunction allows the development of an integrated model of movement dysfunction. The clinical diagnosis of this chronic low back pain condition is based on the report of pain and the observation of movement dysfunction within the neutral zone and the associated finding of excessive intervertebral motion at the symptomatic level. Four different clinical patterns are described based on the directional nature of the injury and the manifestation of the patient's symptoms and motor dysfunction. A specific stabilizing exercise intervention based on a motor learning model in proposed and evidence for the efficacy of the approach provided.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2022

Iatrogenic vascular injury (IVI) can occur with any technique or type of surgery performed around a blood vessel. Patients with severe trauma are at risk of IVI. In this study, we describe our experiences of IVI in the trauma field. We reviewed five patients who were diagnosed with an IVI and received either surgical or endovascular treatment. Of the five patients, one had an arterial injury, three had venous injuries, and one had an arteriovenous fistula, a form of combined arterial and venous injuries. Of the five patients, four had undergone orthopedic surgery. The IVIs of three patients were immediately identified in the operating room and simultaneous vascular repair was performed. The remaining one patient underwent additional surgery for occlusion related to entrapment of the superficial femoral artery by a surgical wire used during orthopedic surgery. Complications presumably related to the IVI were identified in two patients. IVI in trauma patients can be successfully managed, but significant morbidity can occur. If an IVI is suspected, immediate evaluation and management are required.