• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2005

본 연구는 Ceramic분말의 첨가가 산란계의 생산성, 맹장 및 배설물중 병원성 미생물(E. coli, salmolella)의 수, 배설물 중의 악취물질$(NH_3,\;H_2S,\;VFA)$ 및 난황중 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해서 실시하였다. 총 360수의 34주령의 산란계를 120마리씩 3처리구로 구분하여서 Ceramic 분말 $0.0\%$ (대조구), $0.4\%$ 및 $0.8\%$를 첨가한 사료로 6주 동안의 사양시험을 실시하였다. 결론적으로 34에서 40주령의 산란계 사료에 $0.4\%$의 Ceramics 분말의 첨가는 생산성 향상, 장관내 E. coli 및 Salmonella 수가 감소되어 배설물 중의 $NH_3$ 및 VFA의 발생량 감소 및 난황중의 지방산 조성을 개선시킬 가능성이 인정되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.871-879
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• 2010

To figure out the removal efficiency of indicator and pathogenic bacteria by unit processes of a sewage treatment plant using activated sludge process, analyses were done for incoming sewage, influent and effluent of primary clarifier, aeration tank, secondary clarifier and final discharge conduit of the plant. A matrix of bacterial items (average of bacterial reduction [log/ml], p value of paired t-test, number of decreased cases of twenty analyses, removal percentage only for decreased cases) between incoming sewage and final effluent of the plant were heterotrophic plate counts (1.54, 0.000, 20, 95.01), total coliforms (1.38, 0.000, 19, 83.94), fecal coliforms (0.90, 0.000, 20, 94.84), fecal streptococci (0.90, 0.000, 20, 98.08), presumptive Salmonella (0.23, 0.561, 7, 99.09), and presumptive Shigella (1.02, 0.002, 15, 92.98). Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, heterotrophic plate counts, and fecal streptococci showed highest decrease through secondary clarifier about 1-log (p<0.001) between 88% and 96%, and primary clarifier represented the significant (p<0.05) decrease. However, final effluent through discharge conduit showed higher total coliforms and fecal streptococci than effluent of secondary clarifier (p<0.05). In addition, final effluent once violated the water quality standard while effluent of secondary clarifier satisfied the standard. Hence some control measures including elimination of deposits in discharge conduit or disinfection of final effluent are necessary.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

There are lots of waterborne diseases which are caused by pathogenic microorganisms disseminated in contaminated environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of water qualify and in order to investigate the sanitary condition of water purifier in northern part of Gyeonggi-do. We analyzed pathogenic microorganisms and 44 items of drinking water criteria from April to July in 2002. The results were as follows. 1. In 774 samples of water purifier, Pathogenic bacteria(salmonella, E coli O-157, O-26, O-111, shigella, pseudomonas etc.) were not isolated and total coliforms not detected. 2. About 76.5% of the water with purifier are found to be appropriated to the drinking water quality criteria. but 182 samples(23.5%) were without limits of drinking water criteria. 3. In the microbiological examination, 774 samples of purified water showed that 169 samples(21.9%) exceed the range of recommended limits(100 $CFU/m{\ell}$) to the total viable bacterial counts by pour plate method.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

To ensure the safety of domestic livestock products, the government made it obligatory to enforce the hazard analysis critical control point(HACCP) in all domestic slaughterhouses. Under the HACCP, most of the hazards generated in slaughterhouses are bio-hazards, especially pathogenic bacteria. In order to reduce to the pathogenic bacteria, critical control point (CCP) is established and controled in the process of slaughter. A study was carried out to measure the level of bacterial contamination of swine carcass in 6 slaughterhouses selected. As a result, the aerobic plate counts(cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$) of all samples was $10^2$-10 in average, except slaughterhouse C. The level of the aerobic plate counts on the surface of lower loin in slaughterhouse C was $10^4$ and it was considered that slaughterhouse C should set the process of manual transport of carcass as the CCP. Escherichia coli level was the highest in middle line cut surface. Especially, E coli level of slaughterhouses C and D were about 6.5- and 3.0-fold higher than that of other 4 slaughterhouses. Thus, it was considered that the slaughterhouses C and D should set the process of the entrails treatment as the CCP. The air contamination was measured at two point in a slaughterhouse. The air contamination level was 4-13 times higher than that of the standard Japanese slaughterhouses.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.411-418
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• 1999

In this studies, the ability of chlorine and lactic acid to reduce bacterial population of the pathogenic microorganisms were examined on artificially inoculated chicken skin. About 10$^{5}$ cells of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enteritidis, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli O157:H7 were inoculated in chicken skin. The contaminated samples were washed for 1 min with sodium hypochlorite solutions that contained 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50mg/$\ell$ available chlorine and counted number of the agents. Viable population were no significantly difference (p$\geq$0.05) between concentration of chlorine and strains of the pathogens. In the samples inoculated with pathogens were washed in 20mg/$\ell$ chlorine and then stored at $^5{\circ}C$ for up to 10 days, the initial counts of psychrotrophs and aerobic plate counts were 4.02 to 4.36 log cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and increased slightly in course of time. But 10 days after, the pathogens were a little reduced from 3.66~4.91 log cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 2.54~4.66 log cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$. In the case of washed skin with solution of 20mg/$\ell$ chlorine and 0.5% lactic acid then store at $^5{\circ}C$ for up to 10 days, population of psychrotrophs and aerobic plate counts on chicken skin were markedly reduced immediately after treatment, but the numbers of contaminants were slightly increased after 6 and 8 days. Specifically, numbers of St aureus, S enteritidis, L monocytogenes and E coli O157:H7 were reduced to 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and 1.15 log cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ after 10 days of storage, respectively, on aerobic plate counts.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2012

팽이버섯 균사체 (FVM)의 급여효과를 검토하기 위하여 육계 병아리 96수를 4개 그룹으로 나누어 대조구는 기초사료(C)만 급여하였고, 시험구는 기초사료에 FVM 1% (T1), 3% (T2) 및 5% (T3)로 하여 7주 동안 급여하였다. FVM을 기초사료에 5%까지 첨가하여 급여하여도 증체, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 생체중과 도체중은 처리구에서 감소하였으나 (p<0.05), 도체율은 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 가식내장의 근위와 간은 유의 있게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). FVM의 급여 수준이 높을수록 맹장 내 Salmonella 균수와 계분 내 암모니아가스 발생량이 현저하게 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 따라서 FVM의 육계 사료 내 첨가 실험을 통하여 5% 첨가수준까지 육계용 사료를 대체 첨가하여도 무방함이 확인되었으며, 이는 FVM의 첨가수준 증가와 함께 장내 병원성 미생물인 Salmonella와 계분 내 암모니아 가스 발생 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀져 육계 사료 내 첨가 이용성이 인정될 것으로 본다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2019

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is one of the promising next generation non-thermal technologies for food sterilization. The present study investigated the effects of DBD plasma on the reduction of most common food-borne pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella enterica) and sanitary indicative bacteria (Escherichia coli) in the suspension (initial inoculum of approx. 9 log CFU/mL). The bacterial counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced with the increase in the treatment time (1-30 min) of DBD plasma in the suspension. The D-values (time for 90% reduction) of DBD plasma by first-order kinetics for S. aureus, B. cereus, V. parahaemolyticus, S. enterica, and E. coli were 17.76, 19.96, 32.89, 21.55, and 15.24 min, respectively (R²>0.90). These results specifically showed that 30 min of DBD plasma treatment in > 90% reduction of seafood-borne pathogenic and sanitary indicative bacteria. This suspension study may provide the basic data for use in seafood processing and distribution.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2019

Aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and pathogenic bacteria were investigated in laver Porphyra sp. samples from various regions of Korea. The mean bacterial counts were $6.9{\pm}0.87log\;CFU/g$ (range 4.0 to 7.7) log CFU/g in dried laver, $2.83{\pm}4.36log\;CFU/g$ in roasted laver, and $4.93{\pm}1.43log\;CFU/g$ in seasoned laver. Coliforms were most abundant (mean count: $2.1{\pm}1.01log\;CFU/g$) in dried laver. No pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, or Listeria monocytogenes, were detected in any of the samples. Aerobic microorganisms were the most diverse microorganisms in dried laver. Staphylococcus spp. were predominant, but S. aureus was not detected. Standardization of laver production is necessary to ensure a hygienic product because laver products are often ingested without heating or cooking, and the production process is simple.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2000

Survival of pathogenic bacteris(S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli and S. typhimurium) in tryptic soy broth containing green tea water extract(GTW), green tea ethanol extract(GTE), potassium sorbate (PS) and sodium benzoate(SB) stored at various pH was evaluated. Tryptic soy broth(TSB) containing 0∼2%(w/v) of green tea extracts and preservatives adjusted to pH 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 was inoculated approximately 105 CFU/ml of pathogenic bacteria and incubated at 35$^{\circ}C$ for 24∼48 hours. Survival of bacteria was determined by viable cell counts of bacterial culture at each pH. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) of green tea extracts and preservatives against pathogenic bacteria were derived from survival curves of each bacteria. Antibacterial activities of green tea extracts increased with increasing pH but those of preservatives decreased with increrasing pH. S. aureus was the most sensitive strain to GTW and GTE but the most resistant to PS and SB. The MICs of green tea extracts to S. aureus were 0.52∼0.98% at pH 5.5∼6.0 and non inhibitory at pH 7.0. S. typhimurium was the most resistant to green tea extracts while the most sensitive to SB. The MICs of green tea extracts to S. typhimurium were 0.46∼1.62% at pH 5.5∼6.0 and 2% of PS was bactericidal at pH 5.5. 1.0∼2.0% of GTE were bactericidal to all strains tested except L. m9oncytogenes at pH 7.0. GTE was most efficient at inactivating pathogenic bacteria, generally followed by GTW, PS and SB.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.396-401
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• 2009

본 실험은 경기 북부 일부 지역의 계란에서 미생물 오염도를 측정하여 계란의 위생 상태를 파악하고자 하였다. 조사 자료로서는 대형 마트에 유통 중인 계란 중에서 서로 브랜드가 다른 계란을 대상으로 하였다. 계란의 난각에 존재하는 일반 세균수를 측정하였다. 그 결과 $3.4{\times}10^4cfu/m{\ell}$로 상당히 높은 일반 세균수가 검출되었다. 다음으로는 식중독 지수의 중요한 지표가 되는 대장균 및 계란으로 인한 식중독에서 주요 원인 균으로 작용하는 살모넬라균의 오염 여부를 파악한 결과, 한 브랜드의 계란에서 대장균이 검출되었고, 살모넬라균은 검출되지 않았다. 또한 각 브랜드에 계란에서 검출된 세균을 분리 동정 한 결과, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas mendocina, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae 등이 분리되었다. 이 세균들 중 일부는 사람에게 병원성을 나타내거나, 면역력이 약한 노약자나 어린이에게 기회감염 또는 병원 내 감염을 일으키기도 하는 것으로 알려졌다. 계란의 난각에서 분리된 대장균의 병원성 여부를 판정하기 위하여, 대장균의 DNA를 분리하여 PCR을 수행한 결과, 병원성 대장균들에서 특이적으로 나타나는 유전자형을 가지고 있지 않는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 위의 결과들을 종합하여 보면, 시중에 유통중인 계란의 난각에서 비록 살모넬라균과 병원성 대장균은 검출되지 않았지만, 사람에게 감염을 일으킬 수 있는 여러 병원성 세균들이 검출됨으로써 계란의 유통 및 판매에 더욱 철저한 위생관리가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.