• 제목/요약/키워드: Patch Area

검색결과 345건 처리시간 0.029초

토끼에 있어서 SYC-fentanyl패취제의 경피투여 동태비교 (Comparative Pharmacokinetics for Dermal Application of a New SYC-fentanyl Patch in Rabbits)

  • 신호철;이영미;최학수;이정훈;유현석;한상섭
    • 약학회지
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.189-192
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    • 2000
  • We examined a dermal pharmacokinetics for a new SYC-fentanyl patch in rabbits. Determination of fentanyl in the plasma was performed using a gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection system and a capillary column. One patch per animal (fentanyl 2.5 mg) was applied to clipped back skin for 72 hours. The plasma fentanyl concentration profile of SYC-patch was similar to that of a conventional patch (Durogesi $c^{R}$, Janssen Co.). No significant difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters, the area under the concentration-time curve (AU $C^{0-}$72hrs/) and the total area under the first moment-time curve (AUM $C^{0-}$7hrs/), between the two patch types. The AU $C^{0-}$7hrs/ and AUM $C^{0-}$72hrs/ of durogesi $c^{R}$ were 183.3$\pm$46.28 ng*hr/ml and 6,450$\pm$1,939ng*h$r^2$/ml, and those of SYC-fentany patch were 217.2$\pm$50.51$\pm$ng*hr/ml and 8,022$\pm$2,245ng*h$r^2$/ml, respectively (n=3). This result indicates that the new SYC patch has a similar bioavailability compared to durogesi $c^{R}$ patch. Therefore, the SYC-patch may be considered as a bioequivalent fentanyl patch.patch.tch.

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패치크기, 연결성, 가장자리를 고려한 보전가치평가 (Conservation Value Assessment by Considering Patch Size, Connectivity and Edge)

  • 이동근;김은영;오규식
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제8권5호
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    • pp.56-67
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    • 2005
  • Rapid and reckless economical development is causing nationwide deforestation; more and more forest is being developed to be used as a base for economic advancement. While benefiting the national economy, this destruction of forest is creating a serious problem in the National Land Plan. To solve this problem, it is imperative to understand the current condition of damaged forest and make an environment-friendly plan. This paper explains the principles of spatial plan and sets the criteria for the plan, such as patch size, connectivity, and edge of the Landscape Ecology. The paper assesses the conservational value of area that are currently being developed or planned to be developed to figure out the current environmental situation. This conservational value was verified by the field survey. The result of assessment appears that the patch size of the major mountains in site is over 1,000ha and edge is located widely beside roads. The area of the high connectivity is located agriculture area in valley or narrow roads. The research shows that the patch size is related to biodiversity the larger the patch size, the more populated the species are. The research also reveals the conservational value indicated by degree of connection to forest, difference in the structure of vegetation between core area and edge area, and effects of surrounding environment. In further study, we will assess other criteria of conservation value, such as patch shape and fragmentation to the Landscape Ecology, and apply those criteria in biological aspects of the spatial plan.

소형화를 위한 방사 주름 원형 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나 (Radially Corrugated Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Miniaturization)

  • 이성민;김종래;우종명
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제14권12호
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    • pp.1233-1238
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문에서는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 소형화를 위해 방사 주름 원형 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 GPS 목적에 맞게 1.575 GHz를 중심으로 설계ㆍ제작하였다. 방사 주름 원형 패치 안테나는 평면형 패치를 3차원 방사 요철형 패치 구조로 제작함으로써, 패치 밑면에 흐르는 전류에 직각의 요철 경로를 갖게 하여 가시적인 공진 길이를 증가시켰으며, 그 결과 선형 편파인 경우 평면 원형 패치 안테나에 비하여 28 % 면적 단축율을 얻었으며, 원형 편파의 경우 27.7 %면적 단축율을 나타내었다. 이때 이득 2.1 dBd, 축비 1.3 dB, 2 dB 축비 대역폭 15 MHz(0.9 %)를 나타내어 소형화된 GPS용 수신안테나로써 적합한 특성을 나타내었다.

산지전용타당성조사제도에서 산림파편화지수의 고려방안 연구 (Feasibility of Forest Land Conversion to Other Use by Considering Forest Fragmentation)

  • 김민아;최재용;이상혁
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.53-63
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze impacts of the forest fragmentation caused by development project. Furthermore, to investigate the applicability of landscape indicator when 'Feasibility of forest land conversion to other use' is conducted. The study site was consisted of golf course development and road construction. It is to compare before and after impacts of areal and linear development. As for the methods, selecting landscape indices, clustered into 3 Categories have been utilized. Category I was concerned with 'size of forest patches', II as 'shape of forest patches', and III as 'Core Area' These were calculated by FRAGSTATS, the program for analyzing fragmentation. The results showed that linear development caused more fragmented than areal development projects. Also, patch size, patch shape and core area are related to impacts of development, while Patch size decreased, patch shape and core area increased after development. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the impacts of forest by considering fragmentation when development project is planned.

Estimating the habitat potential of inland forest patches for birds using a species-area curve model

  • Chung, O.S.;Jang, G.S.;Oh, J.H.
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2011
  • Estimating the habitat potential of inland forest patches for birds requires the modeling of species-area relationships, or relationships between habitat size and numbers of bird species in each patch. The accurate estimation of speciesarea relationships significantly reduces the effort required to recognize the number of species living in each patch. The objective of this study was to estimate the relationship between forest patch size and bird species diversity in Dangjin County, in northwest South Korea, based on the sizes of inland forest patches. KOMPSAT-2 images were obtained and ortho-rectified to construct a map of the target forest patches. The numbers of birds per patch were surveyed four times: August 2008, September 2008, February 2009 and May 2009. Regression models were derived to explain the relationships between the numbers of bird species and patch size. A model that was derived using data from all four observation periods had the highest coefficient of determination ($R^2$). According to these models, the numbers of bird species at first increased linearly with increasing patch size; however, the curve then plateaued. Our model including observations from four seasons will be useful for estimating the numbers of bird species in other inland forest patches in South Korea.

식도이식에 관한 실험적 연구 (Patch Graft of the Canine Esophagus)

  • 하계식
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.167-167
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    • 1969
  • Two groups of esophagus graft were done in canine esophagus in 34 adult mongrel dogs. For the first group segmental replacement graft was done with fresh autologous pericardium tube, and for the second, patch graft was done utilizing fresh autologous pericardium, fresh homologous pericardium,and dacron piece. All eight dogs in the first segmental replacement graft group died 2 to 5 days after operation with severe empyema caused by anastomosis disruption. Among 26 patch graft dogs 2 died during operation and 7 died 13 to 18 days after operation. For the 17 long-term patch grafted survivors esophagography and postoperative weight check were done. Postoperative stool was collected and examined for dacron patch excretion. One, two, three, and four months postoperative long-term survivors were sacrificed to obtain specimens in each group respectively and the following observations were made.I. Survival; Autologous pericardium patch group showed no mortality but in homologous pericardium and dacron patch group only two thirds were long-term survivors. II. Postoperative swallowing; There was no case which demonstrated postoperative dysphagia. About half of the cases showed postoperative weight increase and in only 3 cases weight decrease followed operation. III. Dacron patch was excreted in the stool 8 to 23 days after operation. Animals which excreted dacron patch up to 9 days after operation all died of empyema due to anastomosis disruption.IV. Postoperative esophagogram; All esophagograms in each group showed no leakage of barium, no passage disturbances and no remarkable stenotic signs.V. Morphological findings; [A] Macroscopical findings; In one month group specimens of each group dense adhesion with surrounding structures was noted and luminal surface was smooth with contraction of the patched area. In two month groups anastomosis sutures were still exposed but patched area showed lesser abnormality. In three to four months groups sutures were covered completely and patched area showed only very slight signs of contraction. [B] Microscopic findings; In one month group luminal surface of the replaced tissue [transplanted tissue] showed almost complete epithelial covering that is composed of several layers of squamous cells with no evidence of keratinization. Basement membrane was also well distinct throughout. Slight to minimal inflammatory cells comprising of large mononuclears, lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed in the subepithelial fibrous stroma consisted entirely of loose fibrous tissue containing many newly formed capillaries and fibroblastic proliferation. Scattered suture granulomas were found, few of which became acutely inflamed. In two months group repairing process progressed with lesser degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and young capillary proliferation. Fibrous tissue was more matured showing even focal collagenization.Suture granuloma persisted but with lesser reactive changes. Epithelial covering was that of a mature non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. In three and four months groups the replaced area showed essentially similar histological findings. However, subepithelial stroma still consisted entirely of connective tissue without evidence of smooth muscle regeneration. In this group, inflammatory cell infiltration was minimal or negligible. Among these patch materials autologous pericardium group showed the most satisfactory repairing process.The above mentioned results may signify the feasibility of autogenous pericardium patch graft in clinical esophageal surgery.

식도이식에 관한 실험적 연구 (Patch Graft of the Canine Esophagus)

  • 하계식
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.168-186
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    • 1969
  • Two groups of esophagus graft were done in canine esophagus in 34 adult mongrel dogs. For the first group segmental replacement graft was done with fresh autologous pericardium tube, and for the second, patch graft was done utilizing fresh autologous pericardium, fresh homologous pericardium,and dacron piece. All eight dogs in the first segmental replacement graft group died 2 to 5 days after operation with severe empyema caused by anastomosis disruption. Among 26 patch graft dogs 2 died during operation and 7 died 13 to 18 days after operation. For the 17 long-term patch grafted survivors esophagography and postoperative weight check were done. Postoperative stool was collected and examined for dacron patch excretion. One, two, three, and four months postoperative long-term survivors were sacrificed to obtain specimens in each group respectively and the following observations were made. I. Survival; Autologous pericardium patch group showed no mortality but in homologous pericardium and dacron patch group only two thirds were long-term survivors. II. Postoperative swallowing; There was no case which demonstrated postoperative dysphagia. About half of the cases showed postoperative weight increase and in only 3 cases weight decrease followed operation. III. Dacron patch was excreted in the stool 8 to 23 days after operation. Animals which excreted dacron patch up to 9 days after operation all died of empyema due to anastomosis disruption. IV. Postoperative esophagogram; All esophagograms in each group showed no leakage of barium, no passage disturbances and no remarkable stenotic signs. V. Morphological findings; [A] Macroscopical findings; In one month group specimens of each group dense adhesion with surrounding structures was noted and luminal surface was smooth with contraction of the patched area. In two month groups anastomosis sutures were still exposed but patched area showed lesser abnormality. In three to four months groups sutures were covered completely and patched area showed only very slight signs of contraction. [B] Microscopic findings; In one month group luminal surface of the replaced tissue [transplanted tissue] showed almost complete epithelial covering that is composed of several layers of squamous cells with no evidence of keratinization. Basement membrane was also well distinct throughout. Slight to minimal inflammatory cells comprising of large mononuclears, lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed in the subepithelial fibrous stroma consisted entirely of loose fibrous tissue containing many newly formed capillaries and fibroblastic proliferation. Scattered suture granulomas were found, few of which became acutely inflamed. In two months group repairing process progressed with lesser degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and young capillary proliferation. Fibrous tissue was more matured showing even focal collagenization. Suture granuloma persisted but with lesser reactive changes. Epithelial covering was that of a mature non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. In three and four months groups the replaced area showed essentially similar histological findings. However, subepithelial stroma still consisted entirely of connective tissue without evidence of smooth muscle regeneration. In this group, inflammatory cell infiltration was minimal or negligible. Among these patch materials autologous pericardium group showed the most satisfactory repairing process. The above mentioned results may signify the feasibility of autogenous pericardium patch graft in clinical esophageal surgery.

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가리왕산 일대 돌서렁에서의 일차천이 (Primary Succession on Talus Area at Mt. Kariwangsan, Korea)

  • Lee, Kyu-Song;Kim, Joon-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.120-130
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    • 1994
  • Stages of vegetation development on talus area were studied to examine temporal changes in species composition and vegetation structure, and to elucidate the mechanism of early patch formation. While ground coverage of lichens, which may form substrate for moss colonization and mitigate the heat-stress on rocks, decreased gradully, coverage of mosses increased slightly during primary succession. Ecological role of mossess related with water retention in community may be very important not only at pioneer stage but also at later stages because of little soil development on this talus area. Species diversity and species richness increased during the early stages of succession. Parthenocis년 tricuspidata and Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipa dominated in liana stage, Ulmus davidiana for. suberosa and Lindera obtusiloba in shrub stage, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Actinidia arguta in subtree stage, however, was composed of mixed forest of several tree species. U. davidiana for. suberosa, L. obtusiloba, Securinega suffruticosa and Rhus chinensis were relatively important woody species in early patch forming process. The results, however, suggested that early establishment on talus area might be strongly associated with chance for safe-site because both pioneer species and later species could take part in early patch forming process.

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패치 외삽을 이용한 효과적인 예제기반 영상 인페인팅 (Effective Exemplar-Based Image Inpainting Using Patch Extrapolation)

  • 김진주;이시웅
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2014
  • 영상 인페인팅(image inpainting)은 영상에서 훼손된 부분을 복원하거나 영상 내의 불필요한 문자나 특정 물체를 제거한 후 삭제된 영역을 자연스럽게 채우기 위해 널리 사용되는 기법이다. 예제기반 인페인팅은 비어있는 영역에서 어떤 부분부터 채울 것인지를 결정하는 패치 우선순위 결정과 결정된 패치를 어떤 패치로 채울 것인지 결정하는 패치탐색의 두 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 기존 예제기반 인페인팅에서는 패치 내의 알고 있는 영역의 화소 값만을 이용하여 유사패치를 탐색한다. 이는 패치의 일부분만 이용하여 비교하게 되므로 비교 대상이 아닌 영역에 상관성이 없는 화소 값을 갖는 패치가 선택될 수 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해 본 논문에서는 패치외삽을 이용한 예제기반 인페인팅 방식을 제안한다. 제안 방식은 우선순위가 결정된 패치에 대해 패치 내 이미 알고 있는 영역의 화소 값을 이용하여 패치 내 비어있는 영역의 화소 값을 외삽 방식으로 예측치를 구하여 채운 후 유사 패치를 탐색한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안방식이 기존 예제기반 인페인팅 방식에 비해 자연스러운 결과 영상을 얻을 수 있음을 보여준다.

통계모형을 활용한 박새류의 서식지 연결성 평가: 서울시 도시생태현황도 자료를 중심으로 (Habitat Connectivity Assessment of Tits Using a Statistical Modeling: Focused on Biotop Map of Seoul, South Korea)

  • 송원경;김은영;이동근
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.219-230
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    • 2013
  • Species distribution modeling is one of the most effective habitat analysis methods for wildlife conservation. This study was for evaluating the suitability of species distribution to distance between forest patches in Seoul city using tits. We analyzed the distribution of the four species of tits: varied tit (Parus varius), marsh tit (P. palustris), great tit (P. major) and coal tit (P. ater), using the landscape indexes and connectivity indexes, and compared the resulting suitability indexes from 100m to 1,000m. As factors affecting to the distribution of tits, we calculated landscape indices by separating them into intra-patch indices (i.e. logged patch area (PA), area-weighted mean patch shape index (PSI), tree rate (TR)) and inter-patch indices (i.e. patch degree (PD), patch betweenness (PB), difference probability of connectivity (DPC)), to analyze the internal properties of the patches and their connectivity by tits occurrence data using logistic regression modeling. The models were evaluated by AICc (Akaike Information Criteria with a correction for finite sample sizes) and AUC (Area Under Curve of ROC). The results of AICc and AUC showed DPC, PA, PSI, and TR were important factors of the habitat models for great tit and marsh tit at the level of distance 500~800m. In contrast, habitat models for coal tit and varied tit, which are known as forest interior species, reflected PA, PSI, and TR as intra-patch indices rather than connectivity. These mean that coal tit and varied tit are more likely to find a large circular forest patch than a small and long-shaped forest patch, which are higher rate of forest. Therefore, different strategies are required in order to enhance the habitats of the forest birds, tits, in a region that has fragmented forest patches such as Seoul city. It is important to manage forest interior areas for coal tit and varied tit, which are known as forest interior species and to manage not only forest interior areas but also connectivity of the forest patches in the threshold distance for great tit and marsh tit as adapted species to the urban ecosystem for sustainable ecosystem management.