• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1108-1117
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• 2003

In Guadeloupe small ruminants (SR) are reared for meat production under pasture conditions. Intensive rotational grazing systems (irrigated, fertilised and high stocked) allow reasonable levels of production but generate high post-grazing residues. Experiments were designed to control them. A system in which residuals were mown (RM) was tested in comparison to the control system (Residuals Remained, RR). The same design was carried out for two years with Creole goat (G) and Martinik sheep (S). An accelerated reproductive rate (3 parturitions over 2 years) was carried out. Systems were compared at three parturition seasons per year(dry, intermediate and rainy seasons). Each group was composed of 20 goats ($36.0{\pm}2.5kg$) or 20 ewes ($46.8{\pm}2.4kg$). The female body traits did not vary according to pasture management and seasons. The stocking rate averaged 1,400 kg LW/ha. The mean fertility rate for does varied significantly (p<0.05) within the kidding season, from $80.4{\pm}0.5%$ to $93.7{\pm}2.9%$ while the mean litter size was $2.30{\pm}0.07$ total kids born. No effect of pasture system was observed. Corresponding values for ewes were $83.2{\pm}12.8%$ vs. $75.6{\pm}12.5%$ (p<0.05) and $2.43{\pm}0.24$ vs. $2.03{\pm}0.29$ (p<0.01) total lambs born for SRM and SRR ewes, respectively. A seasonal effect was observed upon ewe performances. The preweaning mortality of kids and lambs averaged 16.3% and 14.4%, respectively. It was 7 and 9 percentage points more (p<0.01) for RR than for RM kids and lambs, respectively. For both species, weaning took place at an average age of $81.4{\pm}3.6days$. In Creole kids, live weight at birth and at weaning were $1.9{\pm}0.2kg$ and $8.9{\pm}0.8kg$, respectively. In the Martinik sheep, the traits averaged $2.9{\pm}0.2kg$ and $18.9{\pm}0.9kg$. For both traits in both species, significant (p<0.05) group${\times}$season interactions were recorded. The consequences of elimination of post-grazing residues varied according to the SR species, the environmental conditions and the animal physiological status. The forage characteristics were not limiting factors since forage availability in the RM systems (2,300 and 2,600 kg DM/ha, respectively) and chemical composition were at satisfactory levels (CP content averaged 12 and 10%). It is recommended to develop new grazing system which would allow the use of post-grazing residues instead of mowing the refusals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1680-1688
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• 2008

Development of village chicken production can be a sustainable way of helping to meet the welfare needs of rural populations and raise their living standards. There is a dearth of information on research conducted to characterize, understand and develop the village chicken production systems in Zimbabwe. This review focuses on constraints, opportunities and research needs for the improvement of village chicken productivity in Zimbabwe. Village chicken production in Zimbabwe is extensive and dominated by indigenous chickens that exhibit remarkable adaptation to local environments. The multitude functions of village chickens, which include the provision of high quality protein meat and eggs, cash through sales and socio-cultural roles, are discussed in detail. Human gender aspects in village chicken production are highlighted. The factors that hamper village chicken productivity are reviewed together with opportunities and research needs. The major constraints include shortage of feed, poor health and housing management. Any improvements in these constraints may lead to sustainable increase in village chicken productivity.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 산지초지에서 가축 방목 시 효율적인 개체 관리를 위한 소의 생체 데이터 수집 시 데이터 전송이 가능한 데이터 중계시스템을 제안하였다. 산지초지 방목 시 소의 먹이활동 및 초지의 훼손 면적을 고려하여 방목지를 여러 구획으로 구분하고 순환 방목하는 방법이 일반적이고, 대부분 초지가 데이터를 수집할 사무실과 거리가 멀기 때문에 데이터 전송 및 시스템 전원 공급이 어렵다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 중계기를 개발하고 중계기의 전력소모량을 측정하여 태양전지모듈 60W, 배터리 12V/100A, 태양전지의 단락전류 6A이상의 성능으로 태양광 충전 시스템을 구축했다. 방목지에서 발생하는 데이터의 전송을 위해 다수의 중계기를 배열시켜 거리를 확장하였다. 그리고 산지초지에서 중계 전송할 수 있도록 중계 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 시스템과 알고리즘에 대한 성능 검증은 여러 가지 지형에 대한 테스트 포인트를 설정하였고, 데이터 전송 여부로 중계 거리에 대한 검증을 하였다. 태양광 충전 시스템의 전력 수급 유효성 검증은 일정기간동안 연속적으로 중계기를 동작시켜 데이터를 송수신하고 날씨의 변화에 따라 시스템이 데이터 송수신을 위한 전력을 안정적으로 공급하는지 검증하였다. 또한, 산지초지에서 제안된 중계기 및 중계 알고리즘을 이용하여 데이터를 송수신함으로써 제안된 태양광 충전을 이용한 데이터 중계 시스템이 유효함을 보였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 1979

초지개량(草地改良)에 있어서 가리(加里)의 시비수준(施肥水準) 및 질소(窒素)와 인산(燐酸)의 시비량(施肥量) 관계(關係)가 목초(牧草)의 생산성(生産性)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하기 위해서 화본과단파구(禾本科單播區), 두과단파구(荳科單播區) 및 혼파구(混播區)로 구분(區分)하여 가리(加里)의 시비수준(施肥水準)을 달리하면서 1977년(年)부터 1979년(年)까지 2개년간(個年間)에 걸쳐 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 가리(加里)의 시비수준(施肥水準)이 목초(牧草)의 정착(定着)과는 영향(影響)이 없으나 화본과단파구(禾本科單播區)에서는 월동성(越冬性)에 효과(效果)가 있는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2. 목초(牧草)의 초장(草丈)은 가리(加里)의 시비수준(施肥水準)이 역시 화본과단파구(禾本科單播區)에서 효과(效果)를 나타내는 경향을 보였다. 3. 목초(牧草)의 수량(收量)은 화본과단파구(禾本科單播區)에서 가리(加里)의 시비효과(施肥效果)가 높게 나타나는 경향(傾向)이지만 두과단파구(荳科單播區)와 혼파구(混播區)에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 4. 목초중(牧草中)의 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里)의 함량(含量)은 화본과단파구(禾本科單播區)에서 가리(加里)의 시비량(施肥量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라서 가리함량(加里含量)도 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 5. 초지개량(草地改良)에 있어서 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里)의 시비량(施肥量)은 10a 당 화본과단파구(禾本科單播區)에서 20-20-30, 두과단파구(荳科單播區)에서 8-20-20이 적당(適當)한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.92-92
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• 2022

In preparation for the ever-changing climate and unification of North Korea and South Korea, it is necessary to increase the grain self-sufficiency rate by selecting crops with good utilization in high-altitude regions. The principle is to sow pastures at the end of August. However, sowing occurs in spring because the sowing period is missed when the weather is bad or when the workforce is insufficient. Sometimes when the grassland is completely devastated, it is frequently sowed in spring. In addition, North Korea consists of a high-altitude regions, and has been devastated in a general mountainous region. As a result, the landscape is not good and it is vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides. Therefore, to prevent this, pasture must be sowed in the high-altitude regions. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare yield and feed value of pasture species and varieties by spring sowing in high-latitude regions. The study was conducted in Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, which is 700m height above sea level. The pasture species and varieties was sown on April 24, 2022. Each treatment was carried out by sowing 30 kg/ha, the experiment field size was 1 m²(1m×1m), and randomized block design with tri-repeat. The total of 14 varieties was used in the study, 6 varieties of Orchardgrass (OG), 6 varieties of Tall fescue (TF) and 2 varieties of Perennial ryegrass (PRG). The grassland composition fertilization using (N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 80:200:70 kg/ha) was conducted and management fertilizer was N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 210:150:180 kg/ha. The first harvest was June 26,2022 and the second harvest was on August 16, 2022. For statistical analysis of the data, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed using the R3.6.3 software program, and all data was subjected to analysis using Duncan's multiple range test. Significance was set at the 5% level. The dry matter yield at the first harvest was the highest in PRG, and second harvest was the highest in TF (p < 0.05). Overall, PRG showed a trend of gradually decreasing growth, OG and TF showed a trend of gradually improving growth. This showed that PRG was considerably weaker to summer depression than other pasture species. Comparing the total dry matter yield, TF was the highest (4,565.45 kg/ha), but there was no significance difference with PRG (4,487.24 kg/ha) (p < 0.05). In addition, comparing the total TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield, TF was the highest (3147.33 kg/ha), second in PRG (2975.67 kg/ha) and third in OG (2052.33 kg/ha). Since this result is the data of the second harvests, if the result is derived by the end of next year, it will be provided as basic data for selection of pasture species and varieties suitable for spring seeding in high-altitude regions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.435-444
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• 1999

This paper summarizes the size and output of the major animal industries in Australia and the feed resource available to maintain production. The most important feed source is pasture but there is also extensive use of cereal grains, pulses and by-products in the intensive animal industries and in supplementing the diet of grazing animals. These resources must be used in ways that ensure sustainable production. We outline a number of Decision Support Systems such as GrazFeed, GrassGro, and AusPig which play an important role in optimizing the way in which resources are used. Waste management with respect to mineral pollution of water courses and methane production as a greenhouse gas are important issues for the animal industries and are also considered.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2017

There have been several complications and problems about marine ranching policy. Regional conflicts have occurred in the process of selecting land for the pasture. And conflict occurred in post-management process. The causes of these conflicts were pointed out to lack of social science research and alternatives. The government-led initiative model, which ignores participation in each sector, has been pointed out as a problem. In order to increase the effectiveness of the marine ranching project, the following points should be considered. First, at the stage of establishing the ocean ranch business plan, social science approach should be considered together with natural science approach. Second, a governance system should be established to enhance the effectiveness of the marine ranch project. The governance system refers to a consultative body in which the central government and local governments, autonomous steering committees, research institutes, local civil society organizations, and participating companies participate. We can improve the efficiency of business by establishing and promoting direction, operation policy, and action plan of sea pasture business centering on governance system. Third, it is necessary to change the management system from the existing administration-led business model to the cooperative governance system - based model. The effectiveness of the marine ranching project can be improved through the governance system.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 제경법(蹄耕法)을 이용(利用)하여 산지초지(山地草地)를 조성(造成)할때 파종시기(播種時期)가 목초(牧草)의, 잔존(殘存), 건물생산(乾物生産) 및 이용률(利用率) 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 $1982{\sim}'84$년에 걸쳐 고령지시험장에서 수행(遂行)되었으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 목초(牧草)의 정착율(定着率)은 화본과의 경우 4월(月) 15일(日), 5월(月) 15일(日), 8월(月) 1일(日), 8월(月) 30일(日) 파종구에서 각각 11.1, 9.8, 12.4 및 3.1%를 나타내어 8월(月) 30일(日) 파종구(播種區)를 제외하면 10% 내외(內外)의 정착율을 나타내었으며, 한편 두과의 정착율은 춘파구(春播區)에서 30% 내외(內外)로 추파(秋播)에 비해 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 2 파종(播種) 2년차(年次)의 목초식생비율은 $66{\sim}80%$를 나타내었고 또 조성초기의 정착(定着) 및 잔존(殘存)의 차이에 관계없이 파종(播種) 3년차(年次)는 처리간(處理間)에 건물생산(乾物生産)에 차이가 없었다. 따라서 제경법(蹄耕法)에 의한 초지조성시(草地造成時) 적절한 시비(施肥) 및 관리방목(管理放牧)의 중요성이 인정되었다. 3. 파종(播種) 2년차(年次) 시험구(試驗區)의 사초이용율(飼草利用率)은 $45{\sim}53%$로 나타났다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2004

The GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management System, version 3.0) water quality model was used to predict hydrology and water quality and to evaluate the effects of soil types from a cattle-grazed pasture field of Bermuda-Rye grass rotation with poultry litter application as a fertilizer in North Alabama. The model was applied and evaluated by using four years (1999-2002) of field-measured data to compare the simulated results for the 2.71- ha Summerford watershed. $R^2$ values between observed and simulated runoff, sediment yields, TN, and TP were 0.91, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.69, respectively. EI (Efficiency Index) of these parameters were 0.86, 0.67, 0.70, and 0.48, respectively. The statistical parameters indicated that GLEAMS provided a reasonable estimation of the runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient losses at the studied watershed. The soil infiltration rates were compared with the rainfall events. Only high intensity rainfall events generated runoff from the watershed. The measured and predicted infiltration rates were higher during dry soil conditions than wet soil conditions. The ratio of runoff to precipitation was ranging from 2.2% to 8.8% with average of 4.3%. This shows that the project site had high infiltration and evapotranspiration which generated the low runoff. The ratio of runoff to precipitation according to soil types by the GLEAMS model appeared that Sa (Sequatchie fine sandy loam) soil type was higher and Wc (Waynesboro fine sandy loam, severely eroded rolling phase) soil type relatively lower than the weighted average of the soil types in the watershed. The model under-predicted runoff, sediment yields, TN, and TP in Wb (Waynesboro fine sandy loam, eroded undulating phase) and Wc soil types. General tendency of the predicted data was similar for all soil types. The model predicted the highest runoff in Sa soil type by 105% of the weighted average and the lowest runoff in Wc soil type by 87% of the weighted average

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1228-1234
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• 2000

The reported study was conducted on range managed Malpura ewes that were non-breeding empty, were at an advanced stage of pregnancy, and were in early lactation, under a protocol of free grazing with concentrate supplementation at 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50% of their body weight to assess their plane of nutrition and nutrient intake. The biomass yield of pasture plots was 1689, 1820 and 2912 kg/ha in pregnancy, lactation and empty phases, respectively. In addition to natural shrubs and forbs, Cenchrus ciliaris (36.4%) and dead litter (31.6%) were the major component of pasture vegetation during pregnancy. The dead litter disappeared during the lactation and empty phase with a concomitant increase in distribution of Cenchrus ciliaris to 73.0 and 87.2% respectively. The daily dry matter consumption from supplemental concentrate and free grazing was 70.1, 57.3 and 63.5 g/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ with concentrate to roughage ratio of 40:60, 47:53 and 33:67 in pregnancy, lactation and empty phases respectively. Digestibility of DM and OM were similar in the three phases while CP digestibility was higher (p<0.0l) during lactation than other two phases. Digestibility of NDF, ADF and cellulose were higher (p<0.0l) in empty than pregnancy and lactation, while hemicellulose digestibility was similar in lactation and empty and lower in pregnancy phase. The ewes in ~hases of pregnancy, lactation and empty consumed 7.1, 7.7 and 6.1 g DCP and 197.2, 214.6 and 232.5 kcal DE/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ respectively. It is concluded that ewes maintained on semi-arid Cenchrus dominated pasture with concentrate supplementation during pregnancy, lactation and empty phases consumed 45.2, 45.1 and 35.2 g DCP/Mcal ME respectively.