• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.227-243
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• 1997

Fire and smoke can from a small ignition source develop rapidly. Active systems in combination with Passive Fire Protection measures will offer highest safety standards to the building's developers and occupants. Nevertheless, the fire growth is very unpredictable and it is therefore essential at the planning stage that tested solutions are well selected according to National codes and later on installed by qualified contractors to ensure optimum performance. This demonstrates that Passive Fire Protection as safety measure cannot be neglected. Recent fire cases all over the world still proof that fire can develop any time and any where even in countries of high safety standards.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

해양플랜트의 설계는 위험요인을 정량적 위험성평가를 통해 계량화하여 그 결과를 설계에 반영하는 것이 일반화되어 있다. 대표적인 위험요소인 화재 위험에 대해서도 이는 마찬가지다. 계량화된 화재 위험에 대해 작업자들이 탈출하는 동안 안전설비의 기능을 유지하고 발생된 화재가 더 크게 전이(escalation)되는 것을 방지하는 것이 방화대책의 궁극적인 목적이다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 방화대책인 능동방화대책과 수동방화대책의 적용사례를 살펴보고 수동방화대책의 설계기법들을 소개한다. 수동방화대책은 효과적인 방화기법이지만 초기 투자비가 많이 소요되고 운용과 유지보수에 애로사항이 크다. 따라서, 최근 들어 발주자들은 수동방화대책을 최적화하도록 해양플랜트 설계자에게 요청하는 추세이다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2004

Performance based design is a recent evolutionary step in the process of designing fire protection systems. In essence, it is a logical design process resulting in a solution that achieves a specified performance. Sometimes the prescriptive solutions presented in various codes and standards are too expensive or inflexible. Often the solutions do not and enables optimization of a solution for cost and function. In this study, performance based design was carried out to determine the extent of passive fire protection for oil terminal facilities. The results of performance based design were compared with those of prescriptive code based design. Performance based design is not always more economic than prescriptive code based design but provides more reliable and effective design that is fit for the purpose.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.826-839
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• 2014

Fire is a continuous threat to FPSO topside modules as large amounts of oil and gas are passing through the modules. As a conventional measure to mitigate structural failure under fire, passive fire protection (PFP) coatings are widely used on main structural members. However, an excessive use of PFP coatings can cause considerable cost for material purchase, installation, inspection and maintenance. Long installation time can be a risk since the work should be done nearly at the last fabrication stage. Thus, the minimal use of PFP can be beneficial to the reduction of construction cost and the avoidance of schedule delay. This paper presents a few case studies on how different applications of PFP have influence on collapse time of a FPSO module structure. A series of heat analysis and thermal elasto-plastic FE analysis are performed for different PFP coatings and the resultant collapse time and the amount of PFP coatings are compared with each other.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.294-305
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• 2014

In offshore structures, fire is one of the most important hazardous events. The concern of fires has recently been reflected in the rules and quantified risk assessment based design practice. Within the framework of quantified risk assessment and the management of offshore installations, therefore, more refined computations of the consequences or hazardous action effects due to fire are required. To mitigate fire risk, passive fire protection(PFP) is widely used on offshore structures. This study presents methods for a nonlinear structural response analysis considering the PFP effects under fires. It is found that a structural response analysis is most likely to use valuable technology for the optimization and design of offshore structures with PFP. Thermal and structural response analyses have been performed using LS-DYNA and FAHTS/USFOS. The results of these structural response analyses are compared with each other.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2022

As steel is highly sensitive to temperature variations, fire exposure is more destructive in the case of steel structures in comparison to the concrete ones. The performance of an intermediate three-story steel moment frame with 4 spans was studied under the service load, thermal load and post-earthquake fire in this paper. Also, the effects of passive fire-protection materials such as ordinary cement-based and fire-retardant coatings were investigated. To model and analyze the structure; Abaqus software is utilized. In order to apply the earthquake effect, the push-over analysis method is employed. Changes in the stories deflection, endurance time and growth of nonlinear regions due to losses in the steel stiffness and strength, are among the issues considered in this study. As an interesting finding, the beams protected by ordinary cement-based coating could sustain the fire exposure at least for 30 minutes in all cases. The mentioned time is increased by employing a new fire-retardant protection, which could prevent significant loss in the structure resistance against fire, even after 60 minutes of exposure to fire.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

In offshore installations, fires cause the structure to lose its rigidity and it leads to structural integrity and stability problems. The Passive Fire Protection (PFP) system slows the transfer rate of fire heat and helps prevent the collapse of structures and fatality. Especially, intumescent epoxy coating is widely used in the offshore industry, and not only is the material cost expensive, but it also takes a lot of time and cost for construction. Several studies have been conducted on the efficient application and optimal design of the PFP system. However, the mechanical properties and the strength of the PFP material have not been considered. In addition, researches on the correlation between the thickness of PFP and the structural behavior were insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the thermal and mechanical effects of the PFP on the structure when it is applied to the structural member. In particular, it is intended to resolve the change in strength characteristics of the structural members as the thickness of the PFP increases.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.493-510
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• 2021

Mineral wool is an insulation material commonly used in passive fire protection (PFP) systems on offshore installations. Insulation materials have only been considered functional materials for thermal analysis in the conventional offshore PFP system design method. Hence, the structural performance of insulation has yet to be considered in the design of PFP systems. However, the structural elements of offshore PFP systems are often designed with excessive dimensions to satisfy structural requirements under external loads such as wind, fire and explosive pressure. To verify the structural contribution of insulation material, it was considered a structural material in this study. A series of material tensile tests was undertaken with two types of mineral wool at room temperature and at elevated temperatures for fire conditions. The mechanical properties were then verified with modified methods, and a database was constructed for application in a series of nonlinear structural and thermal finite-element analyses of an offshore bulkhead-type PFP system. Numerical analyses were performed with a conventional model without insulation and with a new suggested model with insulation. These analyses showed the structural contribution of the insulation in the structural behaviour of the PFP panel. The results suggest the need to consider the structural strength of the insulation material in PFP systems during the structural design step for offshore installations.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2008

건축물의 지상층 주요구조부인 기둥, 보 및 바닥에 대한 내화성능의 연구는 활발하게 진행되고 있으나, 모든 구조적 하중을 지반으로 전달하는 지하층의 기둥을 비롯한 주요 구조부의 내화성능에 관한 자료 및 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 개구부율이 낮은 지하층에서의 화재크기는 지상층 화재보다 열에너지량이 크므로 구조적 붕괴의 위험성은 높다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지하에 위치된 구조부재에 대한 내화성능의 적정성 평가를 위한 기본 자료 제공을 목적으로 국내외 지하 구조물의 내화법규정을 조사하고, 국내의 기시공된 건축물의 지하층의 구조형식, 구조재료 및 내화피복 현황을 분석하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2013

The field of structural fire engineering has evolved within the construction industry, driven largely by the acceptance of performance-based or goal-based design. This evolution has brought two disciplines very close together - that of structural engineering and fire engineering. This paper presents an overview of structural systems that are frequently adopted in tall building design; typical beams and columns, concrete filled steel tube columns and long span beams with web openings. It is shown that these structural members require a structural analysis in relation to their temperature evolution and failure modes to determine adequate thermal protection for a given fire resistance period. When this is accounted for, a more explicit understanding of the behaviour of the structure and significant cost savings can be achieved. This paper demonstrates the importance of structural fire assessments in the context of tall building design. It is shown that structural engineers are more than capable of assessing structural capacity in the event of fire using published methodologies. Rather than assumed performance, this approach can result in a safe and quantified design in the event of a fire.