• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.52 no.12
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 2015

Recently, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed device-to-device (D2D) communication to cope with the explosively increasing mobile data traffic. The D2D communication uses sidelink based on single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FMDA) due to its low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In addition, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is designed to support multiple input multiple output (MIMO). In this paper, we propose the DFT-based channel estimation scheme for sidelink in D2D communication. The proposed scheme uses the 2-Dimensional Minimum Mean Square Error (2-D MMSE) interpolation scheme for the user moving at a high speed. We perform the system level simulation based on 20MHz bandwidth of 3GPP LTE-Advanced system. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme can improve signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), throughput and spectral efficiency of conventional scheme.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.101-113
• /
• 2015

This study aims to prepare countermeasures to prevent and minimize drowning accident in inland waters by examining the current status of inland water safety management in Korea and diagnosing the defects. The defects in current inland water safety management is analyzed in four aspects. First is the legal defect that includes the absence of legislation that directs the inland water safety management. Second is the instructional defect such as the absence of educational program for prevention of inland water accidents and lack of professional water rescue experts. Third is cooperation defect such as dispersed reporting system and lack of private-public partnership in accident response. Fourth is the defect of emergency response ability, professionalism and accident response skills due to the dispersion and overlaps of safety management systems. In order to improve these defects, this study finds the countermeasures based on the survey of water sports professions and users and its analysis as follows: legislation of '(tentatively named) special act for water safety management in inland waters' is suggested in the legal aspects. A development of inland waters safety education program and training of water accident experts are suggested in the instructional aspects. Integrated operational system for water accident management, activation of safety network and re-establishment of private-public partnership are suggested in the cooperation aspects. Systematic and efficient inland water safety management plans such as enhancement of accident response skills and expertise and integrated inland water safety management with fire department-centered system were suggested in the aspects of emergency response ability.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2011

The counter-terrorism in Korea should be approached practically divided both internally and externally. However, in reality it is impossible for the military and the police to control all the counter-terrorism. So there is a need of precaution using the partnership with private companies. But the military and the police have stressed the conservative and closed operation. Furthermore, the focus of counter-terrorism in Korea is more on expose facto treatment than prevention, so they are almost the defenseless. In order to solve this problem, we should form the private subcontractors of the counter-terrorism experts. That is the introduction and the application of PMSCs system. First, the military and the police need to change its mind set for the partnership with private companies to prepare appropriateness. Second, it should be built up infrastructure to let the hands-up workers on counter-terrorism out place. Third, it should be set up the institutions of learning to train regularly to applicate PMSCs system and to specialize. Fourth, the training of counter-terrorism should be made it mandatory about exit passengers to danger zone. Fifth, the selection of PMSCs suitable for counter-terrorism should be strict.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.779-786
• /
• 2011

This study aimed at comparing protected areas of Korea and Australia based on international conservation criteria by IUCN and analyzing what we need to improve for future management of protected areas of Korea. The registration status of protected areas of Korea listed on IUCN were 11 places in the Ia, 17 in II, 7 in IV, 7 in V; in total 42 places were recorded. However, the lists were missing many important areas. In Korea, we have only 4 protected area categories out of 6 indicating ecological diversity and management in its protected area system are insufficient. On the other hand, 9340 protected areas of Australia were listed on IUCN and evenly distributed in the total of six categories. Therefore, Korea should investigate measures for system establishment which ensures the diversity and indicative of our natural ecosystems and establish balanced system of protected areas including all IUCN categories I-VI through revaluation of natural, cultural, economic and social conditions and the needs.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.107-129
• /
• 2017

Arbitration has grown a unique resolving method for international commercial disputes. However, it has considered a similar court process, such as interim relief, during arbitration proceedings. Further, it would be asked for urgent measures before the arbitrators are constituted in the proceedings. In this case, the disputing party has to apply in the court. This is an unattractive factor in international arbitration; therefore, some institutions are trying to reform such an inconvenient system by adopting the emergency arbitrator. The purpose of this study is to look into ways of utilizing the emergency arbitrator for effective dispute resolution in shipbuilding and shipping industries. The emergency arbitrator needs to solve problems such as making a decision on leaving cargos in the ship, matters involving a ship arrest, or issues regarding vessels under construction. In order to utilize the emergency arbitrator system, it needs to make a close partnership with related institutions, prepare Korean-style standard shipbuilding and shipping contracts, and provide training programs for new emergency arbitrators and staff of institutions. Next, the arbitration institution has to have a great working relationship with a court. Finally, it should try to implement a new system, such as on-line service, for the procedures of the emergency arbitrator.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.87-101
• /
• 2017

As people increasingly rely on mobile networks in modern society, mobile communication security is becoming more and more important. In the Long Term Evolution/System Architecture Evolution (LTE/SAE) architecture, the 3rd Generation Partnership (3GPP) team has also developed the improved Evolved Packet System Authentication and Key Agreement (EPS AKA) protocol based on the 3rd Generation Authentication and Key Agreement (3G AKA) protocol in order to provide mutual authentication and secure communication between the user and the network. Unfortunately, the EPS AKA also has several vulnerabilities such as sending the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) in plain text (which leads to disclosure of user identity and further causes location and tracing of the user, Mobility Management Entity (MME) attack), man-in-middle attack, etc. Hence, in this paper, we analyze the EPS AKA protocol and point out its deficiencies and then propose an Efficient and Security Enhanced Authentication and Key agreement (ESE-EPS AKA) protocol based on hybrid of Dynamic Pseudonym Mechanism (DPM) and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) retaining the original framework and the infrastructure of the LTE network. Then, our evaluation proves that the proposed new ESE-EPS AKA protocol is relatively more efficient, secure and satisfies some of the security requirements such as confidentiality, integrity and authentication.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.301-304
• /
• 2005

Most of the small and medium industries rather focus on immediate problems and how to properly maintain organizational matters and existing system than the strategic and operational use of Information Technology when they deal with applications and operation of Information System. This study found out that there were few studies on IT outsourcing for small and medium companies in Korea compared to large enterprises' IT outsourcing. Most preceding studies researched the problems of partnership and technical, managerial, and economical success factors for big companies. Small and medium companies have the problems of financial difficulty, organizational scale (40.3%), shortage of manpower for system operation (24.1%), and lack of practical use of managers (8.9%). SMB firms have required support of government for their Informationalization but, we found out amount of companies (41%) not be informed or don't account on government's supporting IT of SMB programs. In addition, Range and Contents of outsourcing, Reputation of Outsourcing vendor, Reliability of maintaining were selected as CSFs of SMB IT outsourcing. While large corporation staff more considered CEO's willing and inner facts of their companies.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2016

Despite the exponential throughput improvement in mobile communications systems, their ability to satisfy requirements of state-of-the-art and future applications of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is still under investigation. Challenges are mainly due to the inadequacy of third generation partnership project (3GPP) networks to support large amounts of devices simultaneously, while the number of AMI end-devices and the frequency of their data transmission increase with new AMI-based applications. In this introductory survey, innovative and future AMI applications and their communication requirements are first reviewed. Then, we identify challenges of 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) in enabling future AMI applications. More importantly, the latest improvements to LTE-A standard release 12 and 13 are reviewed and analyzed with regards to their potential to improve the quality of LTE-enabled AMI. It is found that 3GPP enhancements on machine type communications (MTC) standards will significantly enhance AMI communications. Beyond MTC specifications, non-MTC-specific enhancements such as carrier aggregation and multi-connectivity for user equipment will also contribute greatly to improving reliability and availability of AMI devices. The paper's focus is towards improved backhaul support for innovative and future AMI applications, beyond traditional automatic meter reading.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.334-340
• /
• 2022

The main purpose of the study is to determine the main aspects of the introduction of modern technologies in the public administration system in the context of globalization. Public administration is inherent in all known models of representation of social systems, characteristic management and other sciences of social management. This allows using the methods and technologies of management, marketing, social partnership and others in public administration and administration at a modern level. One of the main directions of public management and administration is social engineering, aimed at the development and development of the country's social system, and the tool is appropriate technologies. Based on the results of the analysis, the key modern technologies of the public administration system were identified in the context of the impact of globalization.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine how payment systems for traditional distribution channels pursue changes and how they collaborate in-depth with fintech companies. This study examines the changing payment system through the strategic partnership between distribution companies and fintech companies. Research Design, Data and Methodology: The study conducted research using a variety of secondary materials and existing literature and also utilized the interview method. More specific and in-depth research is conducted through various literature studies and secondary data. Findings and Results: The findings of the study are as follows. First, distributors have occasionally directly adopted simple payment systems due to changes in payment systems as a result of online advances. Second, distributors were found to collaborate with fintech companies when not directly using simple payment. Conclusions: Such maneuvers by distributors are aimed at first, providing convenience and simplicity for consumers. Second, developing the ability to apply big data for accumulating consumer information and third, producing a customer lock-in effect by reducing the fees charged for existing payment services. The present study will provide many domestic and international distributors with a new perspective and practical implications in terms of the distribution and finance industries.