• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.2 s.163
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• pp.99-108
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• 2006

To describe the behavior of suspended-sediment particles in turbulent open-channel flows, the advection-diffusion equation or its simplified form has been used. Though this equation was derived upon several assumptions, only a few studies tried to evaluate the limit of the assumptions. The reason is that it is very difficult to measure turbulence in open-channel flows and to discriminate the velocities of water and sediment particles. The present study aims to measure the velocity profiles of water and sediment particles in open-channel flows by using PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry), a kind of PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). The measured results showed that sediment particles moved slower than water tracers did in the outer region. In the present study, the amount of velocity-lag reached about $5\%$ of the mom flow velocity and the position of the maximum velocity-lag was $g/h\approx0.05\;(g^{+}=30\~50)$ The main cause of the velocity-lag of sediment particles seems that the sediment particles have larger density than water has. On the other hand, in the viscous sublayer, sediment particle has a larger velocity than water tracers. The reason of the inversion of velocity-lag may be due to the no-sleep condition of water at the solid boundaries.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.858-868
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• 2009

A numerical investigation has been carried out about the performance of a 500MW class tangentially coal-fired boiler, focusing on the optimization of separated overfire air (SOFA) position to reduce NOx emission. For this purpose, a comprehensive combination of NOx chemistry models has been employed in the numerical simulation of a particle-laden flow along with solid fuel combustion and heat and mass transfer. A reasonable agreement has been shown in baseline cases for predicted operational parameters compared with experimental data measured in the boiler. A further SOFA calculation has been made to obtain optimum elevation and position of SOFA port. Additionally, clarifying on the effect of SOFA on NOx emission has been carried out in the coal-fired boiler. As a result, this paper is valuable to provide an information about the optimum position of SOFA and the mechanism by which the SOFA would affect NOx emission.