• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2003

본 연구에서는 비정렬 격자를 이용한 병렬화된 3차원 직접모사법을 개발하였다. 모사 입자의 추적에는 선형 형상 함수를 3차원으로 확장하여 적용하였다. 프로그램에서는 효율적인 병렬계산을 위하여 모사 입자의 수에 기초한 영역 재분할 방식을 이용하여 프로세서간의 작업 균형을 유지하였다. 밀도 차가 큰 두 개 이상의 유동이 동시에 존재할 경우를 효과적으로 모사하기 위해서 입자에 가중치를 적용하는 기법을 도입하였다. 프로그램의 검증을 위해서 3차원 삼각 날개 유동을 해석하여 실험치나 다른 계산 결과와 비교하였다. 또한 고도 100km의 희박한 환경헤서 우주발사체 탑재부 주의 유동을 해석하여 노즐 전방으로 고온의 풀룸이 역류하여 비행체 표면에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 가능성을 타진하였다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.29.3-30
• /
• 2015

We introduce an advanced one-to-one galaxy correspondence method that populates dark matter halos with galaxies by tracing merging histories of most bound member particles (MBPs) identified in simulated virialized halos. To estimate the survival time of a satellite galaxy, we adopt several models of tidal-destruction time derived from an analytic calculation, isolated galaxy simulations, and cosmological simulations. We build mock galaxy samples for each model by using a merging tree information of MBPs from our new Horizon Run 4 N-body simulation from z = 12 to 0. For models of galaxy survival time derived from cosmological and isolated galaxy simulations, about 40% of satellites galaxies merged into a certain halo are survived until z = 0. We compare mock galaxy samples from our MBP-galaxy correspondence scheme and the subhalo-galaxy scheme with SDSS volume-limited galaxy samples around z = 0 with $M_r-5{\log}h$ < -21 and -20. Compared to the subhalo-galaxy correspondence method, our method predicts more satellite galaxies close to their host halo center and larger pairwise peculiar velocity of galaxies. As a result, our method reproduces the observed galaxy group mass function, the number of member galaxies, and the two-point correlation functions while the subhalo-galaxy correspondence method underestimates them.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.697-707
• /
• 2018

A fast running model comprising the climate change effects is proposed for urban heat environment simulations so as to be used in urban heat island studies and/or the urban planning practices. By combining Hot City Model, a high resolution urban temperature prediction model utilizing the Lagrangian particle tracing technique, and the numerical weather simulation data which are constructed up to year of 2100 under the climate change scenarios, an efficient model is constructed for simulating the future urban heat environments. It is applicable to whole city as well as to a small block area of an urban region, with the computation time being relatively short, requiring the practically manageable amount of the computational resources. The heat environments of the entire metropolitan Seoul area in South Korea are investigated with the aid of the model for the present time and for the future. The results showed that the urban temperature gradually increase up to a significant level in the future. The possible effects of green roofs on the buildings are also studied, and we observe that green roofs don't lower the urban temperature efficiently while making the temperature fields become more homogeneous.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.765-768
• /
• 2003

The objective of the present study was to visualize the pulsatile flow field in a branching model by using the high-resolution PIV system. A bifurcated flow system was built for the experiments in the pulsatile flow. Harvard pulsatile pump was used to generate the pulsatile velocity waveforms. Conifer powder as the tracing particles was added to water to visualize the flow fields. Two consecutive particle images at several cross sections of the flow filed were captured by the CCD cameras ($1K{\ast}1K$ and $640{\ast}480$). The results after the image processing clearly showed the recirculation zones and the formation of the paired secondary flows from the distal to the apex in the bifurcated model. The results also indicated that the flow velocities in the inner wall moved faster than those in the outer wall due to the inertial force effects and the helical motions generated in the branch flows as the flow proceeded toward the outer wall. While the PIV images from the $1K{\ast}1K$ camera were closer to the simulation results thantheimagesfromthe640${\ast}$480camera,bothresultsofthePIVexperimentsusingthetwocamerasgenerallyagreed quitewellwiththeresultsfromthenumericalsimulation.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.103-115
• /
• 2003

This study examines groundwater movement system analysis and movement forecast algorithm using finite element method. The target is Cheongha-myeon area, Bukgu, Pohang-city which has many difficulties in water supply during drought period. From the comparison of the differences between obtained values by WINFlOW model and observed values, it is thought that groundwater head distribution under steady flow is reflected well at the level of reliability Groundwater movement of study area shows stable pattern from western watershed to eastern coastal area while flow path is dense and steep in the center of the coastal area. The results of particle tracing for each well show a comparatively straight line from the western boundary side to the observation position at the upper area of the well, and are analyzed as it diffuses according to getting closer to the coast at the lower area of the well. The result of effect circle examination attendant on pumping amount in study area shows variation tendency that groundwater head decreases at the side and the lower area more than at the upper area of the well when groundwater flows from west to east(coast). As mentioned above, satisfactory results of groundwater movement analysis using WINFlOW model, two dimensional groundwater movement analysis model, are obtained through the great decrease of physical uncertainty of groundwater movement system.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 1998

The $ Sm_2Fe_{17}N_x $materials were prepared by the combination consisting of the HDDR (hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption, and recombination) process and nitrogenation or by the conventional way consisting of nitrogenation only, and the magnetic and thermomagnetic properties of the materials were investigated. The magnetic characterisation of the prepared $ Sm_2Fe_{17}N_x $ materials was performed using a VSM. Thermal stability of the materials was evaluated using a DTA under Ar gas atmosphere. The thermomagnetic characteristics of the materials were examined using a Sucksmith-type balance. The previously HDDR-treated Sm2Fe17parent alloy was found to be nitrogenated more easily compared to the ordinary $ Sm_2Fe_{17}N_x $alloy. The $ Sm_2Fe_{17}N_x $ material produced by the combination method showed a high coercivity (12.9 kOe) even in the state of coarse particle size (around 60 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). It was also revealed that the $ Sm_2Fe_{17}N_x $ material produced by the material produced by the combination showed an unusual TMA tracing featured with a low and constant magnetisation at lower temperature range and a peak just before the Curie temperature. This thermomagnetic characteristic was interpreted in terms of the competition between two counteracting effects; the decrease in magnetisation due to the thermal agitation at an elevated temperature and the increase in magnetisation resulting from the rotation of magnetisation of the fine grains comparable to a critical single domain size due to the decreased magnetocrystalline anisotropy at an elevated temperature.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제34권6_2호
• /
• pp.1299-1310
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 북극해에 분포하는 유빙의 움직임을 이해하기 위해 현장관측 자료와 입자 추적 방법을 사용하여 분포 및 이동경향을 분석하였다. 북극해에서 유빙의 움직임은 NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)에서 제공하는 ITP(Ice-Tethered Profiler)의 자료 중에서 2009년부터 2018년 자료를 이용했다. 유빙의 유동은 각 연도별로 분류하고 각각의 ITP 자료를 이용하여 위치 및 속도를 분석하였다. 입자 추적은 HYCOM(Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model)과 ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)에서 제공하는 일별 해류 및 바람 자료를 사용하여 2009년부터 2018년까지의 유빙의 움직임을 모의하였다. 북극해 전역에서 유빙의 이동경향을 분석하기 위해서 현장관측 자료인 ITP자료를 입력 자료로 이용하여 북극해에서 해류와 바람과의 관계식을 계산하여 라그랑지안 입자 추적을 수행하였다. 입자 추적 시뮬레이션은 해류에 의한, 그리고 해류와 바람에 의한 영향을 고려한 두 종류의 실험을 수행하였고, 대부분의 입자는 해류와 바람의 영향을 고려한 경우에 현장관측 자료와 동일하게 재현되었다. 북극해에서 유빙의 움직임은 바람의 영향을 고려한 관계식을 이용하여 재현되었고, 이를 이용하여 특정 연도의 유빙의 이동경향을 분석하였다. 2010년의 경우 Arctic Oscillation Index(AOI)는 음의 해로 입자들은 보퍼트 환류(Beaufort Gyre)를 따라 명확하게 움직임을 보이고, 극점 인근에서는 상대적으로 더 빠른 속도를 나타낸다. 반면에 2017년의 경우 AOI는 양의 해로 대부분의 입자들은 Gyre에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 움직임을 보이며 보퍼트 해 (Beaufort Sea) 인근에서 나타나는 이동속도 또한 상대적으로 감소하였고, 극점에서의 이동속도도 감소했다. 2010년과 2017년의 계절적 특징은 2010년도의 유빙의 이동속도는 동계(0.22 m/s)에 증가되고 춘계(0.16 m/s)에 감소되며, 2017년의 경우 하계(0.22 m/s)에 증가되고 춘계(0.13 m/s)에 감소되었다. 결과적으로 입자추적 방법은 제한된 현장관측 자료를 대신하여 북극해에서 유빙의 분포 및 이동경향을 이해할 수 있는 방법으로 위성자료와 연계하여 장기적인 유빙의 탐지 및 이동경향을 이해하는 유용한 방법이 될 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.1997-2002
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 유역내의 토양보존계획 및 관리를 위해 토사유실평가모델과 현장검토를 실시하여 대청호 유역의 토사유실 원인지역을 선정하였다. 먼저 DEM, 정밀토양도, 토지피복도 및 강우자료를 기반으로 RUSLE 모델을 이용하여 대청호 유역의 단위토사유실량을 평가하였다. 토사유실모델에서는 토사의 이동경로 및 작물종류를 고려하기 어렵기 때문에 다각적인 현장조사를 통해 토사유실 주요하천을 선정하는 것이 필요하다. 모델로 분석한 소유역별 원인지역을 검토하기 위해 현장조사를 실시한 결과, 대청호유역에서는 무주남 대천, 원당천, 금평천 등이 높은 토사유실량을 나타내었다. 현장조사 결과 이러한 지역들은 하천주변에서 경사가 급하고 작물의 재배조건도 토사유실에 취약한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 2004년도 한국우주과학회보 제13권2호
• /
• pp.347-350
• /
• 2004

A space radiation analysis has been used to evaluate an ability of electronic equipment boxes or spacecrafts to endure various radiation effects, so it helps design thicknesses of structure and allocate components to meet the radiation requirements. A comparison study of space radiation dose analysis programs SPENVIS Sectoring Tool (SST) and SIGMA II is conducted through some structure cases, simple sphere shell, box and representative satellite configurations. The results and a discussion of comparison will be given. A general comparison will be shown for understanding those programs. The both programs use the same strategy, solid angle sectoring with ray-tracing method to produce an approximate dose at points in representative simple and complex models of spacecraft structures. Also the particle environment data corresponding to mission specification and radiation transport data are used as input data. But there are distinctions between them. The specification of geometry model and its input scheme, the assignment of dose point and the numbers, the prerequisite programs and ways of representing results will be discussed. SST is a web-based interactive program for sectoring analysis of complex geometries. It may be useful for a preliminary dose assessment with user-friendly interfaces and a package approach. SIGMA II is able to obtain from RSICC (Radiation Safety Information Computational Center) as a FOR-TRAN 77 source code. It may be suitable for either parametric preliminary design or detailed final design, e.g. a manned flight or radiation-sensitive component configuration design. It needs some debugs, recompiling and a tedious work to make geometrical quadric surfaces for actual spacecraft configuration, and has poor documentation. It is recommend to vist RSICC homepage and GEANT4/SSAT homepage.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
• /
• 제73권10호
• /
• pp.1420-1430
• /
• 2018

We investigate an entangled system, which is analogous to a composite system of a black hole and Hawking radiation. If Hawking radiation is well approximated by an outgoing particle generated from pair creation around the black hole, such a pair creation increases the total number of states. There should be a unitary mechanism to reduce the number of states inside the horizon for black hole evaporation. Because the infalling antiparticle has negative energy, as long as the infalling antiparticle finds its partner such that the two particles form a separable state, one can trace out such a zero energy system by maintaining unitarity. In this paper, based on some toy model calculations, we show that such a unitary tracing-out process is only possible before the Page time while it is impossible after the Page time. Hence, after the Page time, if we assume that the process is unitary and the Hawking pair forms a separable state, the internal number of states will monotonically increase, which is supported by the Almheiri-Marolf-Polchinski-Sully (AMPS) argument. In addition, the Hawking particles cannot generate randomness of the entire system; hence, the entanglement entropy cannot reach its maximum. Based on these results, we modify the correct form of the Page curve for the remnant picture. The most important conclusion is this: if we assume unitarity, semi-classical quantum field theory, and general relativity, then the black hole should violate the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy bound around the Page time at the latest; hence, the infinite production arguments for remnants might be applied for semi-classical black holes, which seems very problematic.