• Title/Summary/Keyword: Particle Sampler

Search Result 115, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

Sampling and Analysis of Particles Generated in CSS-Mode of a Hard Disk Drive by Using a Particle Sampler (입자 샘플러를 이용한 하드디스크 CSS 동작 시 발생한 입자 샘플링 및 분석)

  • Lee Jae ho;Lee Dae Young;Kim Sang Yoon;Hwang Jung ho
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
    • /
    • v.29 no.5 s.236
    • /
    • pp.599-608
    • /
    • 2005
  • Controlling particle contamination is important to increase storage capacity as the flying height of a slider in a hard disk drive decreases. Since precise detection and analysis of particles are primary steps of particle control in a HDD, many researchers have used sampling methods. In this paper, we newly designed a particle sampler and conducted performance evaluation of the sampler. Also, we conducted particle sampling from the HDD using the particle sampler and analysis of sampled particles by SEM and AES. Experimental results show that the particles generated by the slide-disk interaction mainly came from the disk surface.

A Survey on Management Status of Personal Air Sampler in Domestic Provider for Work Environment Monitoring Service (국내 작업환경측정기관들의 개인시료 채취기 운용현황 실태 조사)

  • Kim, Ki-Youn;Cho, Man-Su;Ma, Hye-Lan;Lee, Kwang-Young;Jeong, Jee-Yeon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
    • /
    • v.24 no.3
    • /
    • pp.359-364
    • /
    • 2014
  • Objectives: The principal aim of this study is to provide fundamental data for suggesting substantial management plan of personal air sampler by investigating current situation of work environment monitoring service provider. Materials and Methods: The questionnaires regarding a personal air sampler were sent by electronic mail to 150 institutions, except for 22 institutions which are out of business or closed temporarily, among total 172 domestic work environment monitoring service providers designated by Ministry of Employment and Labor based on 2013. The institutions which did not reply to the questionnaire for 30 days were required directly by phone call. Finally 97 institutions gave an answer to the questionnaire and therefore the respondence rate was 65%. Results: The normal operation rate of personal air sampler exceeded 70% in all the types (particle, gas and both combination) in terms of purchased year. Furthermore the personal air sampler purchased recently showed a trend of high operation rate compared to the personal air sampler purchased previously. The distribution patterns of personal air sampler In terms of manufacturers were Gillian>MSA>SKC for particle, Gillian>SKC>AMETEK for gas and Gillian>MSA>Casella for both combination, respectively. As a result, it was found that the personal air sampler manufactured by Gillian company was utilized the most in domestic work environment monitoring service provider regardless of types of personal air sampler. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained from this study, the normal operation rate according to types of personal air sampler was as follows: 94% for personal air sampler for collecting particle only, 93% for personal air sampler for collecting gas only and 89% for collecting both particle and gas. Overall, the numbers of personal air sampler possessed and operated normally in domestic work environment monitoring service provider were 5,458 and 5,062, which indicates the normal operation rate of personal air sampler in total aspect is 93%.

Comparative Evaluation of Gravimetric Measurement Samplers for Fine Particles by Sampling Flow Rates and Meteorological Conditions (샘플유량과 기상조건에 따른 미세먼지 중량 측정용 기구간의 농도 비교)

  • Yang Won Ho;Kim Dae Won;Kim Jin Kuk;Yoon Chung Sik;Heo Yong;Lee Bu Yong
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.91-96
    • /
    • 2005
  • Several samplers using gravimetric methods such as high-volume air sampler, MiniVol portable sampler, personal environmental monitor(PEM) and cyclone were applied to determine the concentrations of fine particles in atmospheric condition. Comparative evaluation between high-volume air sampler and Minivol portable sampler for PM10PM10, and between Minivol portable sampler and PEM was undertaken from June, 2003 to January 2004. Simultaneously, meteorological conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature was measured to check the factors affecting the concentrations of fine particles. In addition, particle concen­trations by cyclone with an aerodynamic diameter of 4μm4μm were measured. Correlation coefficient between high­volume air sampler and portable air sampler for PM10PM10 was 0.79 (p<0.001). However, the mean concentration for PM10PM10 by high-volume air sampler was significantly higher than that by Minivol portable sampler (p=0.018). Correlation coefficient between Minivol portable sampler and PEM for PM2.5PM2.5 as 0.74 (p<0.001), and the measured mean concentrations for PM2.5PM2.5 did not show significant difference. Difference of the measured con­centrations of fine particle might be explained by wind speed and humidity among meteorological conditions. Particle concentration differences by measurement samplers were proportional to the wind speed, but inversely proportional to the relative humidity, though it was not a significant correlation.

Characteristic comparison of Andersen and total suspended particulate samplers in a particulate matter generation chamber (입자 발생 챔버를 이용한 Andersen과 총분진 시료채취기의 특성 비교)

  • Park, Ju-Myon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
    • /
    • v.18 no.3
    • /
    • pp.177-184
    • /
    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the performance characteristics of Andersen and total suspended particulate (TSP) samplers in terms of particle size distribution (PSD) and mass sampling efficiency. In the present study, two Andersen and four TSP samplers were selected and tested to quantitatively estimate human exposure to fly ash representing industrial particulate matter (PM) in a carefully controlled chamber. The PSD characteristics, a mass median aerodynamic diameter and a geometric standard deviation, were found from the sampled PM of airborne samplers in the chamber. An Andersen sampler was compared with a TSP sampler quantified by a coulter counter multisizer, as a reference sampler, to describe the correlation of mass sampling efficiencies between two types of samplers. Overall results indicate that Andersen samplers overestimated small PM due to particle bounce phenomena between impaction stages. There was reasonably good correlation (R2R2 = 0.89 and 0.91) between the mass sampling efficiencies of Andersen and TSP samplers during the two tests. However, the lower values of slope (0.71 and 0.72) in two tests showed that the Andersen sampler underestimated PM (> AD 10.1μm10.1μm) with sufficient inertia due to a relatively lower Andersen inlet velocity at 0.8 m/s comparing with the operating air velocity at 2.1 m/s in the sampling zone of a chamber.

Studies on the Total Suspended Particulates in Iksan City. (익산시의 부유먼지에 관한 연구)

  • 전병영
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
    • /
    • v.14 no.4
    • /
    • pp.158-164
    • /
    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to investigate total suspended particulates (TSP) in Iksan area collected by nine stages Anderson air sampler and High volume air sampler from Jul. 1996 to Jul. 1998.The results are as follows1. The average of TSP concentration to be collected by Anderson air sampler and High volume air sampler in Iksan city are 59μg/m359μg/m3, 67μg/m367μg/m3. It was below the level of environmental standard. 2. The average of TSP concentration by measured method are HVAS > AS > Gov. 3. The average of TSP concentration on seasonal change are higher spring than winter. It were 65.5μg/m365.5μg/m3 of Spring, 57μg/m357μg/m3 of Summer, 52.5μg/m352.5μg/m3 of Fall, 61μg/m361μg/m3 of Winter. 4. Particle size 3istribution of atmospheric particulate was divided into two groups, coarse group was made by particles larger than 1.12.1μm1.12.1μm in diameter and fine groups smaller than 1.12.1μm1.12.1μm in diameter. about 50% of total suspended particle measured by Anderson air sampler during the sampling period was coarse particle.

  • PDF

Device Development for Measurement of Bed Load and Suspended Particle Movement in Coastal Water and its Application to Field (연안의 부유물 이동 측정 장치 개발과 현장 적용)

  • Lee, Chung Il
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.323-330
    • /
    • 2014
  • Transport of bed load and suspended particle in coastal waters is main factor causing change in shoreline, and effective measurement method and appropriate equipment is required. To measure bed load and suspended particle transport an equipment was designed and manufactured, and it was applied in the field. The equipment consists of four main elements, body supporter, bed load and suspended particle sampler, sampler support and lock. Eight samplers were installed along the circumference of each supporter, and each sample is a 45-degree intervals. The field experiment was done once along Gyeongpo beach in August 2013. This note described the design and function of the equipment and results of field experiments.

Comparison of Area vs Personal Total Dust Concentrations Measured by 37mm Closed-face Cassette and IPM Sampler (목재분진 농도 측정에 대한 37 mm closed-face 카세트법과 IPM 측정법 비교)

  • Lee, Dong-won;Kim, Hyunwook
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.67-76
    • /
    • 1996
  • This study was performed to estimate total dust concentrations and particle size distribution of wood dust in the furniture and sawmill industries. To compare total wood dust concentrations, two samplers recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists and by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were used. Concentration data were analyzed by paired-t tests using the SAS program and two parameters of the particle size distributions were determined by histogram. The results were as follows: 1. Particle size distributions showed a unimodal pattern in cutting and a bimodal in sanding operations. Mass median aerodynamic diameters(MMAD) were 17.35μm17.35μm in cutting, and 1.39μm1.39μm for small mode and 18.89μm18.89μm for large mode in sanding operations. The proportions of particle size larger than 9.8μm9.8μm estimated by the impactor were 61.16 % in cutting and 62.33 % in sanding operations, respectively. 2. The average personal total dust concentrations measured by IPM sampler were 17.12mg/m317.12mg/m3 (GSD=1.45) from indoor samples, 2.97mg/m32.97mg/m3(GSD=1.90) from outdoor samples in cutting, and 8.01mg/m38.01mg/m3(GSD=1.58) from sanding operation. And those of by 37 mm closed-face cassette were 9.12mg/m39.12mg/m3(GSD=1.46), 1.06mg/m31.06mg/m3(GSD=1.99) from cutting, and 3.32mg/m33.32mg/m3(GSD=2.16) from sanding operations. 3. The average area total dust concentrations measured by IPM sampler were 1.88mg/m31.88mg/m3(GSD=2.04) from indoor cutting, 4.76mg/m34.76mg/m3(GSD=2.83) from indoor sanding operations. And those of by 37mm closed-face cassette were 0.49mg/m30.49mg/m3(GSD=2.34) from cutting, and 1.32mg/m31.32mg/m3(GSD=3.03) from sanding operations. 4. The ratio of personal total dust concentrations measured by 37 mm closed-face cassette to those by IPM sampler were 35.7 %, 53.3 % from cutting, and 41.4 % from sanding operations. 5. The ratio of area total dust concentrations measured by 37 mm closed-face cassette to those by IPM sampler were 26.1 % from cutting, and 27.7 % from sanding operations. 6. A statistically significant difference of total dust concentrations between the 37 mm closed-face cassette and the IPM sampler was found.

  • PDF

A Study on the Total, Particle Size-Selective Mass Concentration of Airborne Manganese, and Blood Manganese Concentration of Welders in a Shipbuilding Yard (조선업 용접작업자의 공기 중 총 망간 및 입경별 망간 농도와 혈중 망간농도에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jong Su;Kim, Pan Gyi;Jeong, Jee Yeon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
    • /
    • v.25 no.4
    • /
    • pp.472-481
    • /
    • 2015
  • Objectives: Welding is a major task in shipbuilding yards that generates welding fumes. A significant amount of welding in shipbuilding yards is done on steel. Inevitably, manganese is present in the base metals being joined and the filler wire being used and, consequently, in the fumes to which workers are exposed. The objective of this work was to characterize manganese exposure associated with work area, total and particle size-selective mass concentration, and compare the mass concentrations obtained using a three-piece cassette sampler, size-selective impactor sampler and blood manganese concentrations. Materials: All samples were collected from the main work areas at one shipbuilding yard. We used a three piece cassette sampler and the eight stage cascade impactor sampler for the airborne manganese mass concentration of total and all size fractions, respectively. In addition, we used the results of health examination of workers sampled for airborne manganese. Results: The oder of high concentration of airborne manganese in shipbuilding processes was as follows; block assembly, block erection, outfitting installation, steel cutting, and outfitting preparation. The percentages of samples that exceeded the OES of the ministry of employment and labor by the cassette sampling method was 12.5%, however 59.1% of sampled workers by the impactor sampling method exceeded the TLV of the ACGIH. Conclusions: Even though the manganese concentrations in blood of workers exposed to higher airborne manganese concentration were higher than among those exposed to lower concentrations, there was no difference in blood manganese concentrations among work duration. The data analyzed here by characterizing size-selective mass concentrations indicates that the inhaled manganese of welders in shipbuilding yards could be mostly manganese-containing respirable particle sizes.

Development of a High-Volume Simultaneous Sampler for Fine and Coarse Particles using Virtual Impactor and Cyclone Techniques

  • Okuda, Tomoaki;Shishido, Daiki;Terui, Yoshihiro;Fujioka, Kentaro;Isobe, Ryoma;Iwaki, Yusuke;Funato, Koji;Inoue, Kozo
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
    • /
    • v.12 no.1
    • /
    • pp.78-86
    • /
    • 2018
  • Filter-based sampling techniques are the conventional way to collect particulate matter, but particles collected and entangled in the filter fibers are difficult to be removed and thus not suited for the following cell- and animal-based exposure experiments. Collecting aerosol particles in powder form using a cyclone instead of a filter would be a possible way to solve this problem. We developed a hybrid virtual-impactor/cyclone high-volume fine and coarse particle sampler and assessed its performance. The developed system achieved 50% collection efficiency with components having the following aerodynamic cut-off diameters: virtual impactor, 2.4μm2.4μm; fine-particle cyclone, 0.180.30μm0.180.30μm; and coarse-particle cyclone, 0.7μm0.7μm. The virtual impactor used in our set-up had good PM2.5PM2.5 separation performance, comparable to that reported for a conventional real impactor. The newly developed sampler can collect fine and coarse particles simultaneously, in combination with exposure testing with collected fine- and coarse-particulate matter samples, should help researchers to elucidate the mechanism by which airborne particles result in adverse health effect in detail.

Vertically Distributed Aerosol Sampling and Analysis using Tethered Balloon Sampler System in Ansan (안산지역 내에서의 Tethered Balloon 탑재형 포집기를 이용한 연직 분포된 Aerosol 포집 및 분석)

  • Eun, Hee-Ram;Kim, Whan-Ki;Lee, Hong-Ku;Yoo, Dong-Hyun;Yook, Se-Jin;Ahn, Kang-Ho
    • Particle and aerosol research
    • /
    • v.7 no.4
    • /
    • pp.139-149
    • /
    • 2011
  • It is very important to measure atmospheric particles and evaluate the characteristics of them since aerosol can influence atmospheric environment, climate, and health. Satellite, aircraft, radio sonde are usually used to measure the vertical distribution of particle properties, temperature, humidity, and pressure. Although the method of using an aircraft is favorable to collect the horizontal distribution of the particles, but unadaptable to measure the vertical distribution of the particles. However, all-in-one balloon particle sampler system can collect particles depending on each altitude controling the balloon by winch. In this research, we performed the air sampling on the TEM grids using house made light weight impactor at the altitude of 300m and 900m. The collected particles were analyzed using TEM/EDS.