• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2012

I. Introduction : The purpose of this study is to test empirically hypothetical causality among constructs used in previous studies to build the model of relational market behavior on customers' participation and consumer-brand relationship after introducing theories of relationship marketing, loyalty program, consumer-brand relationship, customers' participation in service marketing as previous studies with regard to relational market behavior, which Bagozzi(1995) and Peterson(1995) commented on constructs and definition suggested by Sheth and Parvatiyar (1995). For this purpose, loyalty program by the service provider, customers' participation and consumer-brand relationship as preceding variables explain relational market behavior defined by Sheth and Parvatiyar(1995). This study proposes that loyalty program as a tool of relationship marketing will be effective in that consumers' participation in marketing relationship results in a narrow range of choice(Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1995) because consumers think that their participation motive result in benefits(Peterson, 1995). Also, it is proposed that the quality of consumer-brand relationship explain the performance of relationship as well as the intermediary effect because the loyalty program could be evaluated based on relationship with customers. We reviewed the variables with regard to performance of relationship based on relation maintain in marketing literature, and then tested our hypotheses related to several performance variables including loyalty and intention of relation maintain based on the previous studies and constructs(Bendapudi and Berry, 1997 ; Bettencourt, 1997 ; Palmatier, Dant, Grewal and Evans, 2006 ; You Jae Yi and Soo Jin Lee, 2006). II. Study Model : Analyses about hypothetical causality were proceeded. The marketing effect of loyalty program on relational market behavior was empirically tested in study regarding a service provider. The research model in according to the path hypotheses (loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior and loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, and loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior and customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, and customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior) proceeded as an activity for customer relation management was suggested. The main purpose of study is to see if relational market behavior could be brought as a result of developing relationship between consumers and a corporate into being stronger and more valuable when a corporate or a service provider try aggressively to build the relationship with customers (Bettencourt, 1997; Palmatier, Dant, Grewal and Evans, 2006; Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1995). III. Conclusion : The results of research into the membership fitness club, one of service areas with high level of customer participation (Bitner, Faranda, Hubbert and Zeithaml, 1997; Chase, 1978; Kelley, Donnelly, Jr. and Skinner, 1990) are as follows: First, causalities in according to path hypotheses were tested, after the preceding variables affecting relational market behavior and conceptual frame were suggested. In study, all hypotheses were supported as expected. This result confirms the proposition suggested by Sheth and Parvatiyar(1995), who claimed that intention of consumer and corporate to participate in marketing relationship brings high level of marketing productivity. Also, as a corporate or a service provider try aggressively to build relationship with customers, the relationship between consumers and a corporate can be developed into stronger and more valuable one (Bettencourt, 1997; Palmatier, Dant, Grewal and Evans, 2006). This finding supports the logic of relationship marketing. Second, because the question regarding the path hypothesis of consumer-brand relationship ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior are still at issue, the further analyses were conducted. In particular, there existed the mediating effects of consumer-brand relationship toward relational market behavior. Also, multiple regressions were conducted to see if which one strongly influences relational market behavior among specific question items with regard to consumer-brand relationship. As a result, the influence between items composing consumer-brand relationship and ones composing relational market behavior was different. Among items composing consumer-brand relationship, intimacy was an influence of sustaining relationship, word of mouth, and recommendation, intimacy and interdependence were influences of loyalty, intimacy and self-connection were influences of tolerance and advice. Notably, commitment among items measuring consumer-brand relationship had the negative influence with relational market behavior. This means that bringing relational market behavior is not consumer-brand relationship without personal commitment, but effort to build customer relationship like intimacy, interdependence, and self-connection. This finding confirms the results of Breivik and Thorbjornsen(2008). They reported that six variables composing the quality of consumer-brand relationship have higher explanation in regression model directly affecting performance of consumer-brand relationship. As a result of empirical analysis, among the constructs with regard to consumer-brand relationship, intimacy(B=0.512), interdependence(B=0.196), and quality of partner(B=0.153) had the effects on relation maintain. On the contrary, self-connection, love and passion, and commitment had little effect and did not show the statistical significance(p<0.05). On the other hand, intimacy(B=0.668) and interdependence(B=0.181) had the high regression estimates on word of mouth and recommendation. Regarding the effect on loyalty, explanation level of the model was high(R2=0.515), intimacy(0.538), interdependence(0.223), and quality of partner(0.177) showed the statistical significance(p<0.05). Furthermore, intimacy(0.441) had the strong effect as well as self-connection(0.201) and interdependence (0.163) had the effect on tolerance and forgive. And these three variables showed effects even on advice and suggestion, intimacy(0.373), self-connection(0.270), interdependence (0.155) respectively. Third, in study with regard to the positive effect(loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ customers' participation, loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior, customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior, consumer-brand relationship ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior), the path hypothesis of customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, was supported. The fact that path hypothesis of customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship was supported confirms assertion by Bitner(1995), Fournier(1994), Sheth and Parvatiyar(1995) about consumer relationship to participate in marketing relationship.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose an educational content which can be applied to the web interactivity. Rapidly growing digital media has been applied to various fields and made people experience multiple media. The development of digital media also influenced education. As a result, the environment of computer-based education was produced based on CD-ROM titles, video, and the web. Active communication with students is impossible using traditional educational methods. However, the students' motive for learning can be enhanced through the digital media. In this paper, we apply concrete poetry which is simple, brief, and focused on visualization to the web environment. It has made people easily and interactively access the web to learn better through participation. We also applied concrete poetry to the web based educational games for self-motivated learning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.204-213
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• 2016

Crowd funding can be understood that consumers are participated in production process before real commercialization. These days there are some expectancy and worry about foreign capital influence to Korea Wave. This study is to find out the possibility that Korea Wave can lead to investment to make new cultural contents and find possibility as new investment funding source. Expecially this research did survey at Gwangjou in China with 20s and find their possibility to invest money for crowd funding related to Korea Wave and we evaluate consumer's Korea Wave preference. The results showed that with more preference of Korea Wave decrease consumer's perceived risk and increase consumer's perceived benefit. With this research we can find some possibility of motive for consumer's direct investment to Korea Wave project in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 1992

In order to provide data basic to the training of hospice volunteers, this study was carried out to investigate the personal attributes and the Death Orientation of hospice volunteers. 80 hospice volunteers were sampled from those registered on Seoul Catholic Social Service and Korean Association for Volunteers Effort conveniently. Data were gathered from August 16th to October 3rd, 1991. The instrument used for this study was the Death Orientation Questionnaire developed by Thorson and Powell, subjective age and religiosity questionnaire developed by Bell and Batterson, and subjective health criteria developed by Baumann. Data were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square, and t-test by SPSS - program. Result of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The majority of hospice volunteers perceived younger in their subjective age than their chronological age (65%), Perceived themselves to be healthy subjectively(88.8%), and revealed to have high religiosity score(96.3%) 2. Level of Death Orientation of hospice volunteers was revealed to be moderate.(Mn＝2.06, SD＝0.40, range, 1.45-3.53) Among 25 Death Orientation items, respondents revealed the highest concern over the afterlife (Mn＝3.53, SD＝0.71), revealed the lowest anxiety about not knowing the next world after his or her death(Mn＝1.45, SD＝0.69), and relatively high concern over leaving careful instructions after death (Mn＝2.97, SD＝0.83) Respondents revealed low Death Orientation score(below 1.99) to 12 negative items(2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22). Thus hospice volunteers seem to be preparing for their own death and shown positive Death Orientation to some items relatively. 3. According to personal attributes (demographic, socioecnomic, and relevant variables) of hospice volunteers, there were no significant statistic differences of Death Orientation score. Thus pre-existing Death Orientation of hospice volunteers and their motive of participation to the hospice service are to be considered important variables influencing the Death Orientation.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.225-252
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• 2000

This study aims to examine theoretical frame work of franchise restaurant, the characteristics of store manager's job and the level of their job satisfaction through an empirical investigation. Job satisfaction survey study shows that store managers consider important all work to be attended to as part of their duty with service management on top. It is also found that the majority of store managers consider their aptitude as most important job satisfaction factor and those, who are satisfied with their job content, advancement and the prospect, are more proactive in delivering qualify service and more than willing to commit themselves to their duties. Regrading demographical variables, store managers with scholarly competence and higher pay level are more likely to be satisfied with their job but married men are not satisfied with the work environment in general. Ergo, Businesses should correspond by capitalizing on those store managers content with their duty thus collecting additional information and providing opportunities to further contribute to the business. For those dissatisfied individuals, however, businesses should determine their demands and by educational training supply a motive therefore making possible the conversion of such individuals to satisfied store managers and their active participation in business management. But, as with any study, this one has a number of limitation which constraints the generalizability of the empirical findings. It has not been for long since franchise restaurants established in domestic market and has been few studies regarding this topic there. Furthermore, managers are not willing to release operation related data. Therefore, further study are urged to overcome this limitation and should examine other dimensions of job satisfaction such as relations between revenue and profit with the level of store manager's job satisfaction remain to be investigated.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.415-425
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop a textbook of the integrated education of Korean food culture and language for married female immigrants. Methods: An analysis was conducted with the textbooks and researches for married female immigrants, and dietary life related contents were extracted. The contents were organized by activity oriented approach which is acquired the culture. The evaluation was conducted through depth interview with 6 married female immigrants through an analysis of the qualitative materials. Results: The text book comprised of 30 Korean food recipes with the target expressions and vocabularies. It also included Korean basic table setting, Korean table manner, main dishes and side dishes, basic cutting, seasoning and garnish, measure of the ingredients, symbolic food, regional food culture, choice of food ingredients, shopping, bargaining, taste expression, color expression, all sorts of spices, Korean traditional festival food, and seasonal customs and food. For intensifying communication, activity which is close to real life was added. Through cooking, married female immigrants expose words and sentence patterns and that allows to evaluate their level of understanding. We observed that the developed textbook is suited for married female immigrants' needs and cognitive level. The text book included a comparative study between Korean culture and their country's culture, which could provide the motive for accepting each other's cultures. The study showed how to develop a textbook that integrates Korean language education and Korean food culture and how to apply the textbook in real life. Conclusions: The correct understanding about Korean food culture could lead to improvements communication ability. Useful information which relates to Korean food, recipes, and food culture could increase daily life satisfaction. Conducting both cultural education and language education could increase the participation of married female immigrants in learning activities. Therefore this study could help these females to adapt Korean society and manage family dietary life effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.311-321
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between motivation, stress and flow in bicycle race gambling. To accomplish this, data were collected from gambling users of a bicycle velodrome. A total of 347 samples were employed for analysis. The collected data were analyzed through multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows. First, the level of flow increased as the motivation for participating in the contest increased. Second, the influence of the motivation to participate in the race on immersion showed that a higher motivation to participate in the race was associated with a higher level of stress. Third, verification of the motive for participating in the race and the mediated effect of immersion between stress revealed that immersion had a mediated effect on stress. Based on the results of these analyses, practical and policy implications were suggested. Accordingly, there is a need to identify the motivation for career participation in counseling of experienced gamblers. Moreover, it is important to establish a system to prevent excessive gambling flow.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.312-318
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• 2021

Lack of knowledge and digital skills is a threat to the information security of the state and society, so the formation and development of organizational culture of information security is extremely important to manage this threat. The purpose of the article is to assess the state of information security of the state and society. The research methodology is based on a quantitative statistical analysis of the information security culture according to the EU-27 2019. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of defense motivation (PMT), which involves predicting the individual negative consequences of certain events and the desire to minimize them, which determines the motive for protection. The results show the passive behavior of EU citizens in ensuring information security, which is confirmed by the low level of participation in trainings for the development of digital skills and mastery of basic or above basic overall digital skills 56% of the EU population with a deviation of 16%. High risks to information security in the context of damage to information assets, including software and databases, have been identified. Passive behavior of the population also involves the use of standard identification procedures when using the Internet (login, password, SMS). At the same time, 69% of EU citizens are aware of methods of tracking Internet activity and access control capabilities (denial of permission to use personal data, access to geographical location, profile or content on social networking sites or shared online storage, site security checks). Phishing and illegal acquisition of personal data are the biggest threats to EU citizens. It have been identified problems related to information security: restrictions on the purchase of products, Internet banking, provision of personal information, communication, etc. The practical value of this research is the possibility of applying the results in the development of programs of education, training and public awareness of security issues.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2024

This study analyzes the athleisure wear purchase status, wearing conditions, and design preferences of men in their 20s and 30s and provides basic data for the development of men's athleisure wear that reflects consumer preferences. An online survey was conducted on 200 men from August 23 to August 27, 2023. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 48 questions, including 8 questions about the respondent's general information, 19 questions about the purchase status of athleisure wear, 6 questions about the status of wearing athleisure wear, and 15 questions about athleisure wear design preferences. The survey results are as follows. The most common motive for exercise participation was 'maintaining health.' 'Nike' was the most preferred and purchased brand among athleisure wear brands, and the main place of purchase of athleisure wear was 'Internet and mobile shopping malls', reflecting the recent purchasing trend of the MZ generation. When purchasing athleisure wear, the most common selection criterion was 'design', followed by 'fitting comfort', 'possibility to use as daily wear', and 'price'. The most common route to obtain purchase information was 'Internet search', and the 'overall satisfaction' with athleisure wear was found to be satisfactory with an average of 3.83. The most common reason for wearing athleisure wear was 'because it is comfortable to do activities', followed by 'because it can be used as everyday wear'. Lastly, 'black', 'short-sleeved t-shirt', 'short length' sleeve, 'round neckline', 'waist length', and 'relaxed loose fit' were preferred for the top design, and 'black', 'shorts', 'full elastic type' waistband, 'regular fit that fits the body well' were preferred for the bottom design.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.476-488
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• 2017

The object of this study was to survey the relationship between emotional self-support and the level of subjective health recognition of participators in the self support program. The health condition which is recognized subjectively by participators could affect the participation motive and the attitude to the program, and could be connected to the achievement of self-support. Therefore I tried to survey the implications and the relationship between emotional self-support and the level of subjective health recognition in terms of progress for the economic self-support. The objectives were self-support program participators in Wonju, and 127 questionaries were collected. The results of this study were as followings; First, there was the positive relationship between emotional self-support and the level of subjective health recognition. Second, the participation period in the self-support program affected emotional self-support and the level of subjective health recognition negatively, and the affects of the ages were meaningless. The suggestion of this study is that the level of emotional self-support and subjective health recognition could be developed if the emotional and psychological program is developed which makes the conditional pensioners perceive the living attitude and the thoughts to the works positively.