• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.219-236
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• 1988

Bensulfuron concentrations of $10^{-7}$, $10^{-6}$, $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-4}M$ were applied to agar medium on susceptible (cv. KH 17854 and cv. IR 1846) and tolerant (cv. Chinsurah Boro II and IR 14252) rice cultivars were grown for microscopic inspection. Susceptible cultivars showed the decrease in shoot and root growth at the concentration of $10^{-5}M$ while ones showed no difference. Such a tendency was also observed from microscopic inspection in the elongation zone of shoot meristematic tissue. Seedlings grown in soil for 10 days were transfered to distilled water containing only bensulfuron solutions. There were significant differences between cultivars in terms of supression of shoot meristematic activity and swelling of cell volume. Observations of those cells made it clear that especially susceptible cultivars showed the irregular cell layering, vacuolation, cell swelling and partial damage in membrane of shoot tissue. The major response of root tips of susceptible cultivars showed the disorganization of cortex, rupture and contraction of membrane, inhibition of cell division, swelling and emergence of lateral root while tolerant ones showed no such responses.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

Purpose : Concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) with 3 weekly cisplatin is the standard treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer(HNC). The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of low-dose weekly cisplatin-based CCRT, which was devised to reduce the toxicity of CCRT. Method : We retrospectively analyzed HNC patients who received low-dose weekly cisplatin-based CCRT between 2008 and 2010. Cisplatin 35mg/$m^2$ was weekly given to all patients during radiotherapy. The efficacy was evaluated by the degree of clinical response, treatment failure and survival. The toxicity was evaluated by hematologic toxicities and oral mucositis. Results : A total of 27 patients were analyzed and median age was 59(range 31-81). The ratio of administered dose of radiotherapy and cisplatin to planned dose were 0.98 and 0.93, respectively. Complete remission and partial remission were 73% and 23%, respectively. Treatment failure was observed in 8(30%) patients. 1-year survival rate and 1-year disease free survival rate were 82% and 59%, respectively. Overall survival and progression-free survival did not reach median time. Grade 3/4 anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and oral mucositis were observed in 11%, 19%, 7% and 32% of patients, respectively. In terms of administered cycles, however, only 1-3% of grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities occurred among total 190 cycles. Severe oral mucositis were statistically associated with old age(p=0.003). Treatment failure had no statistical relation with age, pathology, primary site and stage. Conclusion : Low-dose weekly cisplatin-based CCRT seemed to deliver enough dose of cisplatin and to show low drop-out rate and good efficacy with low hematologic toxicities.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 1996

Endogenous analgesic systems are known to be activated by peripheral noxious stimulation as well as arterial carbon dioxide elevation. In the present study, neuronal Activities in the rostral ventrolateral med- ulla were identified and classified in according to their rhythmic activities, and their responses to noxious peripheral nerve stimulations before and after elevating the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure were investigated Using extracellular recording technic, a total of 53 spontaneously active neurons were recorded from the rostral ventrolateral medulla in u-chloralose anesthetized cats. These were classified as cardiovascular (28), respiratory (16), both cardiovascular and respiratory (2) and noncardiovascular - nonrespiratory (7). - Among the 28 cardiovascular neurons eleven showed increased activities during arterial hypercapnia, thirteen showed decreased responses, and four showed no change. Nine respiratory neurons showed increased responses to arterial hypercapnia, six showed decreased responses and one showed no change. neither of the cardiovascular and respiratory neurons showed significant change in its activity during ar- terial hypercapnia, however, four of the noncardiovascular - nonrespiratory neurons exhibited decreased their activities in response to arterial hypercapnia while two exhibited increased activities. Arterial hypercapnia increased the responses of cardiovascular neurons to peripheral nerve stimulation with C-inteniity, while not changing the responses to Ak_stimulation significantly . From the above results it was conclllded that during arterial hypercapnia, some cardiovascular neurons and respiratory neurons have increased activities as well as increased reponses to C-Hber stimulation.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.248-254
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• 2009

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is induced by maternal antibodies to fetal platelet alloantigens. Because the main cause of NAIT is incompatibility to platelet specific antibodies, NAIT due to HLA antibodies are relatively rare. We managed a case of NAIT induced by maternal anti-HLA-B35 antibodies. The patient was a second born male. He had no petechiae or purpura at birth. He was admitted to the hospital due to fever for 5 days and a platelet count of $106\times10^9/L$. The fever subsided after admission but on the 2nd day of admission, petechiae developed on the chest wall and the platelet count decreased to $25\times10^9/L$. Other laboratory findings included C-reactive protein, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time were normal. His mother's platelet count was normal and she had no history of bleeding. Anti-HLA-B35, B52, B56, C3, and C14 were identified in the mother's serum by a panel reactive antibody test and HLA-B35 antigen was identified in the father's and patient's sera. These finding suggested that maternal Anti-HLA-B35 antibody was a response to neonatal HLA-B35 antigen inherited from the father. The patient received concentrated platelet and intravenous immunoglobulin. The platelet count rose to $248\times10^9/L$ and was maintained thereafter.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.23-25
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• 2008

Serum complement proteins comprise an important system that is responsible for several innate and adaptive immune defence mechanisms. There were three well described pathways known to lead to the generation of a C3 convertase, which catalyses the proteolysis of complement component C3, and leads to the formation of C3 opsonins (C3b, iC3b and C3d) that fix to bacteria. A pivotal step in the complement pathway is the assembly of a C3 convertase, which digests the C3 complement component to form microbial-binding C3 fragments recognized by leukocytes. The spleen clears microorganisms from the blood. Individuals lacking this organ are more susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Innate resistance to S. pneumoniae has previously been shown to involve complement components C3 and C4, however this resistance has only a partial requirement for mediators of these three pathways, such as immunoglobulin, factor B and mannose-binding lectin. Therefore it was likely that spleen and complement system provide resistance against blood-borne S. pneumoniae infection through unknown mechanism. To better understand the mechanisms involved, we studied Specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (SIGN)-R1. SIGN-R1, is a C-type lectin that is expressed at high levels by spleen marginal-zone macrophages and lymph-node macrophages. SIGN-R1 has previously been shown to be the main receptor for bacterial dextrans, as well as for the capsular pneumococcal polysaccharide (CPS) of S. pneumoniae. We examined the specific role of this receptor in the activation of complement. Using a monoclonal antibody that selectively downregulates SIGN-R1 expression in vivo, we show that in response to S. pneumoniae or CPS, SIGN-R1 mediates the immediate proteolysis of C3 and fixation of C3 opsonins to S. pneumoniae or to marginal-zone macrophages that had taken up CPS. These data indicate that SIGN-R1 is largely responsible for the rapid C3 convertase formation induced by S. pneumoniae in the spleen of mice. Also, we found that SIGN-R1 directly binds C1q and that C3 fixation by SIGN-R1 requires C1q and C4 but not factor B or immunoglobulin. Traditionally C3 convertase can be formed by the classical C1q- and immunoglobulin-dependent pathway, the alternative factor-B-dependent pathway and the soluble mannose-binding lectin pathway. Furthermore Conditional SIGN-R1 knockout mice developed deficits in C3 catabolism when given S. pneumoniae or its capsular polysaccharide intravenously. There were marked reductions in proteolysis of serum C3, deposition of C3 on organisms within SIGN-$R1^+$ spleen macrophages, and formation of C3 ligands. The transmembrane lectin SIGN-R1 therefore contributes to innate resistance by an unusual C3 activation pathway. We propose that in the SIGN-R1 mediated complement activation pathway, after binding to polysaccharide, SIGN-R1 captures C1q. SIGN-R1 can then, in association with several other complement proteins including C4, lead to the formation of a C3 convertase and fixation of C3. Therefore, this new pathway for C3 fixation by SIGN-R1, which is unusual as it is a classical C1q-dependent pathway that does not require immuno globulin, contributes to innate immune resistance to certain encapsulated microorganisms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.3 s.43
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• pp.181-195
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the effect of body exposure and color of a woman's suit on the perception of modesty, and 2) the effect of perceiver's sex and age on impression formed by the function of clothing variables. The instrument of this study consisted of a response scale and stimuli. Thirteen items of 7-point semantic differential scales were developed to measure the perceiver's impression on wearer's modesty. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing one of 8 types of suit constructed by a 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design. The manipulation of each level of the clothing variables were: color of the suit by black and red, leg exposure by varying skirt lengths to a Chanel-line and mini skirt, and neck exposure by shirt collar blouse and scarf. Two models, representing typical female college students living in Seoul, were selected to eliminate model effect. The sample include 384 subjects, consisting of 4 groups of male and female college students and middle aged men and women. Eight experimental groups were randomly assigned to one of eight stimuli based on between-subject design. One half of each group responded to model 1 and the other half to model 2 of same stimulus. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed (pc model, Varimax rotation) to identify factors constructing impression of modesty. Two factors emerged regard­less of subgroups; Elegance and Extroversion factor. The first factor was found to be dominant, accounting for 60 percent of the total variance. The other accounted for just 11 percent. Multidimensional ANOVA (5-way, 3-way) was conducted to test the effect of the clothing variables against two factors identified from the factor analysis. Leg exposure was the most powerful variable affecting the impression of Elegance and Extroversion factor for all per. ceiver subgroups. Neck exposure had primary effect on the impression of Elegance, whereas it partially influenced that of Extroversion. Color of suit had only partial effect on the impression of Extroversion. Hypothesis I was partially supported from the findings above. The effect of perceiver's age and sex on impression by the function of clothing variables was tested by comparing the result between four subgroups. In forming an impression of the wearer's modesty, male college students were least affected by the manipulation of clothing variables, while middle aged males were affected most. In the female groups, there was no age difference and they fell between the male groups in the degree to which they were affected. Hypothesis II was supported only by age difference in two male groups, and by sex difference in two student groups.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 1994

Soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck is not frequent neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all malignant neoplasm in the region. The histological varieties include osteogenic sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, tenosynovial sarcoma, angiosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck usually occur in children under the age of 10 years (over 70%) and rarely develop in adults over the age of 20 years. The prevalent sites of involvement include the orbit, nasal cavity, external ear, paranasal sinus and soft tissue of mouth and the primary location of tumor is considered to be one of the important prognostic factors. Before the 1960s, when surgical resection was the only method of treatment, the 5-year survival rate was less than 20%, but recently it has been greatly improved by the multimodality treatment, combining surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Here we treated a rhabdomyosarcoma woman with three cycles of high dose chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. After the, completion of preoperative treatments, successful result of more than partial response was achieved. Three months later total maxillectomy and radical neck dissection was performed. There was no evidence of tumor infiltration in the resected tumor and regional lymphnodes but metastasized tumor cells in cervical lymphnodes were detected. Tumor cell infiltration was also found on the bone marrow biopsy to evaluate the pancytopenia which occurred during postoperative recovery. Two months later she died of secondary bone marrow failure. We think that this multimodality treatment combining pre-operative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery might play an important role in curative resection and eyeball preservation in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma involving the eyeball.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.334-338
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• 2008

Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTPs) are relatively rare tumors that originate from the mesenchymal cells of the submesothelial tissue of the pleura. Patients with SFTPs are often asymptomatic, while some patients experience pleuritic chest pain, cough and/or dyspnea. We report here on a case of SFTP, and the patient presented with septic shock and respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation. A 68-year-old woman was admitted for the evaluation of her dyspnea and generalized edema. Chest imaging studies showed an 18 cm-sized voluminous mass occupying the right thoracic cavity with anterior displacement of hilar structures and atelectasis of the right lung. Immediately after admission, she developed pneumonia and septic shock that required antibiotics and mechanical ventilation. She displayed a partial response to medical treatment, and then complete excision of the tumor was performed and the pathologic examination revealed benign SFTP. Afterward, she fully improved without evidence of recurrence until now.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 2013

Among several bacteria examined, an antibacterial-producing Lactobacillus strain with probiotic characteristics was selected and identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subsequent purification and mode of action of the antibacterial compounds on target cells including E. coli were investigated. Maximum production of the antibacterial compound was recorded at 18 h incubation at $30^{\circ}C$. Interestingly, antibacterial activity remained unchanged after heating at $121^{\circ}C$ for 45 min, 24 h storage in temperature range of $70^{\circ}C$ to room temperature, and 15 min exposure to UV light, and it was stable in the pH of range 2-10. The active compounds were inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, indicating their proteinaceous nature, and, therefore, referred to as bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances. Isolation and partial purification of the effective agent was done by performing ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of the GFC-purified active compound (~3 kDa) was determined by Tris-Tricine SDS-PAGE. To predict the mechanisms of action, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of ultrathin sections of E. coli before and after antibacterial treatment was carried out. TEM analysis of antibacterial compounds-treated E. coli demonstrated that the completely altered bacteria appear much darker compared with the less altered bacteria, suggesting a change in the cytoplasmic composition. There were also some membrane-bound convoluted structures visible within the completely altered bacteria, which could be attributed to the response of the E. coli to the treatment with the antibacterial compound. According to the in vivo experiments oral administration of L. plantarum HKN01 resulted in recovery of infected BALB/c mice with Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.374-383
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• 2017

Purpose: Bleeding is one of the most serious complications of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic hemostasis for bleeding in patients with unresectable AGC. Materials and Methods: This study included 106 patients with bleeding associated with gastric cancer who had undergone endoscopic hemostasis between January 2010 and December 2013. Clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, including rates of successful endoscopic hemostasis and rebleeding, risk factors for rebleeding, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results: Successful initial hemostasis was achieved in 83% of patients. Rebleeding occurred in 28.3% of patients within 30 days. The median OS after initial hemostasis was lower in patients with rebleeding than in those without rebleeding (2.7 and 3.9 months, respectively, P=0.02). There were no significant differences in disease status and rebleeding rates among patients with partial response or stable disease (n=4), progressive disease (n=64), and first diagnosis of disease (n=38). Univariate and multivariate analyses (P=0.038 and 0.034, respectively) revealed that transfusion of ${\geq}5$ units of RBCs was a significant risk factor for rebleeding. Conclusions: Despite favorable success rates of endoscopic hemostasis for bleeding associated with gastric cancer, the 30-day rebleeding rate was 28.3% and the median OS was significantly lower in patients with rebleeding than in those without rebleeding. Massive transfusion (${\geq}5$ units of RBCs) was the only significant risk factor for rebleeding. Patients with bleeding associated with AGC who have undergone massive transfusion should be observed closely following endoscopic hemostasis. Further research on approaches to reduce rebleeding rate and prevent death is needed.