• Title/Summary/Keyword: Partial Heating

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Partial Purification of Fig Pectinesterase and Characterization of its in situ Activity (무화과 펙틴에스테라제의 부분 정제 및 in situ 상태에서의 활성 특성)

  • Hou, Won-Nyoung;Kim, Myoung-Hwa;Go, Eun-Kyoung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.1169-1178
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    • 1998
  • This study was performed to purify fig pectinesterase(F-PE) and characterize its in situ activity. Three kinds of F-PE were partially separated by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, Q-Sepharose column, CM-cation exchanger column chromatography, and HPLC. One of those was anionic protein and the others were cationic proteins. All of them had approximate molecular weight of 27,000 and lost rapidly their activity during storage. Therefore alternative crude enzyme was prepared by suspending the freeze dried and milled fig powder in 0.1 M NaCl at pH 7.5. F-PE had the optimum pH of 8.5, the optimum temperature of 50C with activation energy of 7,671 cal mol1K1 and stability up to 55C with 10 minutes heating. Optimum activity was obtained in 0.20.4 M NaCl with optimum solubility at above 0.8 M NaCl.

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Analysis of Geothermal Melting System Conductivity for Improving Road Safety (도로주행 안정성 향상을 위한 지열 융설시스템 열전도 분석)

  • Lee, Seok-Jin;Kim, Bong-Chan;Lee, Seung-Ha;Seo, Un-Jong;Kim, Jin-Han;Lee, Joo-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2010
  • Sliding accidents on the road have a high percentage by road freezing, especially, they often have appeared at bridges and Tunnel of freezing areas. Thus, the stability of road operations is enhanced by preventing partial freezing phenomenon. According to the geothermal snow melting system analysis, a pattern of thermal conductivity is found out; pavement materials of concrete and asphalt where the system is buried. The heat transfer simulation is essential when the geothermal snow melting system is applied according to heating exchanger pipe placed in the lower pavements. The model tests are conducted on low temperature in freezer using the manufactured test model which is equal to pavement materials. Many variables are discovered from numerical analyses under the same conditions with model test.

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Study of the Diffusion of Phosphorus Dependent on Temperatures for Selective Emitter Doping Process of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (대기압 플라즈마의 선택적 도핑 공정에서 온도에 의한 인(Phosphorus)의 확산연구)

  • Kim, Sang Hun;Yun, Myoung Soo;Park, Jong In;Koo, Je Huan;Kim, In Tae;Choi, Eun Ha;Cho, Guangsup;Kwon, Gi-Chung
    • Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.227-232
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    • 2014
  • In this study, we propose the application of doping process technology for atmospheric pressure plasma. The plasma treatment means the wafer is warmed via resistance heating from current paths. These paths are induced by the surface charge density in the presence of illuminating Argon atmospheric plasmas. Furthermore, it is investigated on the high-concentration doping to a selective partial region in P type solar cell wafer. It is identified that diffusion of impurities is related to the wafer temperature. For the fixed plasma treatment time, plasma currents were set with 40, 70, 120 mA. For the processing time, IR(Infra-Red) images are analyzed via a camera dependent on the temperature of the P type wafer. Phosphorus concentrations are also analyzed through SIMS profiles from doped wafer. According to the analysis for doping process, as applied plasma currents increase, so the doping depth becomes deeper. As the junction depth is deeper, so the surface resistance is to be lowered. In addition, the surface charge density has a tendency inversely proportional to the initial phosphorus concentration. Overall, when the plasma current increases, then it becomes higher temperatures in wafer. It is shown that the diffusion of the impurity is critically dependent on the temperature of wafers.

Effect of Various Partial Replacements of Cement with Blast Furnace Slag and Different Placing Times on Thermal Properties of Mass Concrete and Modeling Work (타설시간차에 의한 고로슬래그 미분말의 치환율별 매스콘크리트의 온도특성)

  • Kim, Jong
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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    • v.35 no.10
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    • pp.207-215
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    • 2019
  • The aim of the research is analyzing the simple adiabatic temperature rising properties and the heat of hydration based on different placing timing of the mass concrete depending on various replacing ratios of blast furnace slag to comparative analyze the thermal cracking index and cracking possibility. As a result from the experiment, a suggested adiabatic temperature rising equation based on various blast furnace slag replacing ratios can be provide favorable correlation with over 0.99 of R2 value by applying the initial induction period. With this relationship, more accurate prediction of the amount of the hydration heat rising and heating timing, and it is known that there is an approximately 13.1C of gap between plain concrete without blast furnace slag and concrete with 80 % of replacing blast furnace slag. To control the setting time and heat rising gap, the mix designs between top and bottom concrete casts were changed 15 cases, and D, E, H, I, and L models of controlling the heat of hydration showed 41.23 to 46.88C of core temperature and 0.98 to 1.27 of thermal cracking index. Therefore the cracking possibility was 15 to 52 % of favorable results of possibly controlling both the cracking due to the internal and external retainment and concrete temperature at early age.

Examination of the Impact of Substituting Germanium for Bismuth on the Energy Density and Electrical Conductivity of the Se60Ge40-xBix Alloy

  • Kareem Ali Jasim;Haider Sahi Hussein;Shaymaa Hashim Aneed;Ebtisam Mohammed Taqi Salman
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.267-274
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    • 2024
  • In this study, four different samples of Se60Ge40-xBix chalcogenides glasses were synthesized by heating the melt for 18 h in vacuum Pyrex ampoules (under a 10-4 Torre vacuum), each with a different concentration (x = 0, 10, 15, and 20) of high purity starting materials. The results of direct current (DC) electrical conductivity measurements against a 1,000/T plot for all chalcogenide samples revealed two linear areas at medium and high temperatures, each with a different slope and with different activation energies (E1 and E2). In other words, these samples contain two electrical conduction mechanisms: a localized conduction at middle temperatures and extended conduction at high temperatures. The results showed the local and extended state parameters changed due to the effective partial substitution of germanium by bismuth. The density of extended states N(Eext) and localized states N(Eloc) as a function of bismuth concentration was used to gauge this effect. While the density of the localized states decreased from 1.6 × 1014 to 4.2 × 1012 (ev-1 cm-3) as the bismuth concentration increased from 0 to 15, the density of the extended states generally increased from 3.552 × 1021 to 5.86 × 1021 (ev-1 cm-3), indicating a reduction in the mullet's randomness. This makes these alloys more widely useful in electronic applications due to the decrease in the cost of manufacturing.

Synthesis of α-Alumina Nanoparticles Through Partial Hydrolysis of Aluminum Chloride Vapor (염화알미늄 증기의 부분가수분해를 통한 알파 알루미나 나노입자 제조)

  • Park, Hoey Kyung;Yoo, Youn Sug;Park, Kyun Young;Jung, Kyeong Youl
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.664-668
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    • 2011
  • Spherical alumina precursors represented by AlOxCly(OH)z, 30~200 nm in particle diameter, were prepared by partial hydrolysis of AlCl3 vapor in a 500 ml reactor. Investigated on the particle morphology and size were the effects of the reaction time, the stirring speed and the reaction temperature. The particle morphology and size was insensitive to the reaction time in the range 20 to 300 s. The variation of the stirring speed from 0 to 300 and 800 rpm showed that the particle size was the largest at 0 rpm. As the temperature was varied from 180 to 190, 200, 140C, the particle size showed a maximum at 190C. By calcination of the as-produced particles at 1,200C for 6h with a heating rate of 10C/min, α-alumina particles 45 nm in surface area equivalent diameter were obtained. The particle shape after calcination turned wormlike due to sintering between neighboring particles. A rapid calcination at 1400C for 0.5 h with a higher heating rate of 50C/min reduced the sintering considerably. An addition of SiCl4 or TMCTS(2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclosiloxane) to the AlCl3 reduced the sintering effectively in the calcination step; however, peaks of γ or mullite phase appeared. An addition of AlF3 to the particles obtained from the hydrolysis resulted in a hexagonal disc shaped alumina particles.

Processing of Fish Meat Paste Products with Dark-Fleshed Fishes (1) Processing of Meat Paste Product with Sardine (적색육 어류를 원료로 한 연제품의 제조 (1) 정어리 어묵의 제조)

  • PARK Yeung-Ho;KIM Dong-Soo;CHUN Seok-Jo;KANG Jin-Hoon;PARK Jin-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.339-351
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    • 1985
  • This study was carried out to investigate the optimal conditions for meat paste production with sardine. To improve the gel forming ability of meat paste, washing time and condition with alkaline solution, setting time and temperature, and heating temperature before pasteurization were controlled, and the influences of the freshness of raw sardine and the mixing ratios of ordinary and dark muscles on the duality of the meat paste product were discussed. The frozen storage showed a predominant effect on keeping freshness of raw sardine at different storage conditions and gel forming ability was maintained for 1 day at ice storage, for 3 days at 3C and for 4 days at frozen condition, but there was no effect on keeping freshness of raw sardine in the storage at 25C. Gel strength of meat paste product tended to decrease with washing time of raw meat, and in case of washing 3 times the meat appeared excellent in gel strength, but in case of seven and nine times the meat showed lower water holding capacity and decreased organoleptic test score in the quality of meat paste prtoduct. Raw meat washed with alkaline solution showed a desirable effect on gel forming ability compared with that washed with tap water, and in the case of washed with 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution exhibited the most favorable effect on gel forming. The gel strength of the meat paste product decreased with the increase of mixing ratios of dark muscle in the raw meat. Setting time and temperature for the gel forming ability of meat paste were good at 5C for 20 hours and at 20C for 2 hours. In the heating temperature of meat paste, heating treatment at 90C was desirable for gel forming.

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A Study on the Development of HMR Products of Korean Foods Using Conjoint Analysis (컨조인트 분석법을 이용한 한국 음식의 HMR 상품 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Won-Sik;Seo, Kyung-Hwa;Lee, Soo-Bum
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.156-167
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the structural elements of HMR in Korea foods and explore the way HMR products using Korean foods can be developed at this time of increased interest. Through an investigation of its importance by attributes and their partial values, hypothetical HMR products using Korean foods were estimated. In order to develop the optimal HMR goods of Korean food, a preference survey was conducted after selecting 9 profiles using conjoint analysis with orthogonal design, and 4 holdout sets were generated and used for cross-validity authorization and reliability of the model. The results of this study showed that customers put cooking levels, menu price, and the location of purchase into importance when selecting HMR products of Korean foods. They preferred to eat the products after sufficiently heating them and buy the products sold online and through home shopping programs, with the price range of 10,000 won and over. It was concluded that more customers can be attracted if a variety of HMR products using Korean foods which can be prepared readily anywhere and at any time are developed.

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A Study of Manufacturing Techniques Extracting from the Analysis of Corrosion Status and Microstructure for the Cast-Iron Pot in Bubjusa (법주사 철확의 부식상태 및 미세조직 분석을 통한 제작기법 연구)

  • Han, Min-Su;Kim, So-Jin;Hong, Jong-Ouk
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.269-276
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    • 2010
  • This study aims to extract manufacturing techniques by analysing metallurgical characteristics of the cast-iron pot from Bubjusa, examining corrosion status and microstructure with a optical microscope, SEM-EDS, micro vickers hardness tester and XRD. The microstructure analysis has presented that ferrite and partial portion of pearlite exist within the corroded outer layer. The analysis of the inner layer revealed that there is pearlite and graphite of feather shape. The one of the middle layer, which is placed between outer and inner layer, showed that corrosion has been heavily developed. Micro vickers hardness values range from 217Hv to 698Hv in constituent layers and such values lie within the ranges of the ancient iron relics. The result of EDS analysis for each microstructure presented that the outer layer has been more decarbonized than the inner layer. XRD analysis of iron corrosion compound revealed that Goethite and Hematite had been produced from the corrosive process of iron. The study concludes that the large iron pot was made by casting technique, and microstructure of inner layer had a gray cast iron. Outer layer has been decarbonized through repetitive process of heating and cooling. This results can be used as fundamental data for comparative study to reveal manufacturing techniques of large cast-iron pot.

Characteristics of Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 FM-3 Isolated from Sea Water (해수분리 Vibrio cholerae non-O1 FM-3의 Hemolysin)

  • KIM Shin-Hee;PARK Mi-Yeon;LEE Young-Eon;CHO Myo-Heon;CHANG Dong-Suck
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.556-561
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    • 1997
  • Vibrio cholerae non-O1 FM-3 was isolated from sea water, and it showed the same bacteriological characteristics as Vibrio cholerae non-O1 ATCC 25872. V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3 presented the highest hemolytic activity at stationary phase of its growth. The hemolytic activity was decreased in accordance with increasing of pretense activity of its cultural supernatant. The characteristics of the hemolysin produced by V. cholerae non-O1 FM-3 were investigated after partial purification with a Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The hemolytic activity of purified protein was stable at 4C while it was completely lost by heating at 60C for 30 min. The activity of hemolysin was increased by addition of divalent cations such as Ca2+,Mg2+,andMn2+ while it was inhibited by additions of Zn2+. When the hemolysin was incubated with suspensions of erythrocytes at 4C and 37C, respectively, hemolysis was not observed at 4C but at 37C. It means that hemolysis by purified hemolysin was temperature-dependent while its binding step of hemolysin to cell membrane was temperature-independent.

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