• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1411-1413
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• 1997

The thin film that is electrically conductive and optically transparent is called conductive transparent thin film. ITO(Indium-Tin Oxide) which is a kind of conductive transparent thin film has been widely used in solar cell, transparent electrical heater, selective optical filter, FDP(Flat Display Panel) such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), PDP(Plasma Display Panel) and so on. Especially in PDP, ITO films is used as a transparent electrode in order to maintain discharge and decrease consumption power through the improvement of cell structure. In this study, we prepared ITO by reactive r.f. sputtering with indium-tin(Sn wt 10%) alloy target instead of indium-tin oxide target. The ITO films deposited at low temperature $150^{\circ}C$ and 8% $O_2$ partial pressure showed about $3.6{\Omega}/{\square}$. At the end of firing, the resistance of ITO was decreased, the optical transparence was improved above 90%.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2012

This study presents the nano-sized particle emission characteristics from a small turbocharged common rail diesel engine applicable to prime and auxiliary machines on marine vessels. The experiments were conducted under dynamic engine operating conditions, such as steady-state, cold start, and transient conditions. The particle number and size distributions were analyzed with a high resolution PM analyzer. The diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) had an insignificant effect on the reduction in particle number, but particle number emissions were drastically reduced by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude downstream of the diesel particulate filter (DPF) at various steady conditions. Under high speed and load conditions, the particle filtering efficiency was decreased by the partial combustion of trapped particles inside the DPF because of the high exhaust temperature caused by the increased particle number concentration. Retarded fuel injection timing and higher EGR rates led to increased particle number emissions. As the temperature inside the DPF increased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$, the peak particle number level was reduced by 70% compared to cold start conditions. High levels of nucleation mode particle generation were found in the deceleration phases during the transient tests.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1991

Recently, the trend of research in hard coating is concentrate on developing the process of ionization rate under low operating pressure, to get the thin film with high adhesion and dense microstructures. In this study ionization rate enhancement type PVD process using permanent magnet is developed, which enhances the ionization rate by confining the plasma suppressing the wall loss of electron. By the result to investigate the characteristic of glow discharge, the ionization rate of this process is enhanced about twice as high as that of triod BARE process (about 26%), and more dense TiN microstructures are obtained in this process. Cylindrical ion energy analyzer is made and attached in front of a quadrupole mass filter for the analysis of the energy distribution of reactive gas and activated gas ions from the plasma zone. To analyze the operation mechanism of ion energy analyzer, computer simulation is performed by calculation the electric field environment using finite element method. By these analyses of ion energy distribution of outcoming ions from the plasma zone, it is found that magnetic field enhances ion kinetic energy as well as ionization rate. The other results of this study is that the foundation of feed-back system is constructed, which automatically control the partial pressure of reactive gas. In can be possible by recording the data of mass spectrum and ion energy analysis using A-D converter.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 1993

Theoretical prediction of the equilibrium of temperature and relative humidity dependance involving $HNO_{3(g)}-NH_{3(g)}$ and $NH_4NH_{3(s, aq)}$ was compared with atmospheric measurement of particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$, Ammonia-Nitric Acid partial pressure product $([$NH_{3(g)}][HNO_{3(g)}]ppb^2$) by a triple filter pack sampler from Oct 1991 to July 1992. The measured $HNO_3NH_3$ concentration product K was greater than equilibrium constant $K_p$ calculated from thermodynamic data of $NH_4NO_{3(s, aq)}-HNO_{3(g)}-NH_{3(g)}$ during fall, winter and spring. But K was lower than $K_p$ in summer. K was greater than $K_p$ as the result of supersaturation by air pollution, particularly anthropogenic $NH_3$.The reason of $K < K_p$ was due to removal of particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$ by rainout and washout. $NH_4NO_3$ which consists mainly of particulate nitrate is formed by reaction between $HNO_3$ and $NH_3$. As a result of the removal of particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$ by rainout and washout, concentrations of $HNO_3$ and $NH_3$ are decreased by equilibrium transfer(Le Chatelier's Law) in atmosphere.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

The paper proposes a hierarchical fault detection method for the high voltage equipment using a microphone array which detects the location of fault and the thermal imaging and CCD cameras which verifies the fault and stores the image, respectively. There are partial arc discharges on the faulty insulators, which generates a specific pattern of sound. Detecting the signal using the microphone array, the location of the faulty insulator can be estimated. The 6th band-pass filter was applied to remove noise signal from wind or external influence. When the mobile robot carries the thermal and CCD cameras to the possible place of the fault insulator, the fault insulators or power transmission wires can be detected by the thermal images, which are caused by the aging or natural erosion. Finally, the CCD camera captures the image of the fault insulator for the record. The detection scheme of fault location using the microphone array and the thermal images have been proved to be effective through the real experiments. As a result of this research, it becomes possible to use a mobile robot with the integrated sensors to detect the fault insulators instead of a human being.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.699-707
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• 1995

The material that is both conductive in electricity and transparent to the visible ray is called transparent conducting thin film. It has many fields of application such as Solar Cell, Liquid Crystal display, Vidicon on T.V, transparent electrical heater, selective optical filter, and a optical electric device , etc. In the recent papers on several TCO( transparent conducting oxide ) material, the study is mainly focusing on ITO(indium tin oxide) because ITO shows good results on both optical and electrical properties. Nowaday, in the development of LCD(Liquid Crystal display), the low temperature process to reduce the production cost and to deposit ITO on polymer substrate (or low melting substrate) has been demanded. In this study, we prepared indium tin oxide(ITO) by a cylindrical DC magnetron sputtering with Indium-tin (9:1) alloy target instead of indium-tin oxide target. The resistivity of the film deposited in oxygen partial pressure of 5% and substrate temperature of 140.deg. C. is 1.6*10$\^$-4/.ohm..cm with 85% optical transmission in viaible ray.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 비동기 DS-CDMA 시스템의 성능 개선 기법으로서 다단 간섭제거기 (Multistage PIC)와 부분 다단 간섭제거기(Partial Multistage PIC)를 채용할 때 칩 동기 에러와 위상 에러가 위상 에러가 다중 접속간섭(MAI : Multiple Access Interference) 제거능력에 미치는 영향의 정도를 이론적으로 분석하고 이를 검증하기 위한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 성능 분석 결과로부터 동기가 완전한 경우에는 다단 간섭제거기와 부분 다단 간섭제거기 모두 큰 폭의 성능 개선을 이룰 수 있었는데 단(stage) 수를 증가시킬수록 다단 간섭제거기와 부분 다단간섭제거기의 성능 개선은 비슷하였다. 또한, 칩 동기 에러와 위상 에러기를 고려 할 경우, 1단(no cancellation)에서의 성능 열화가 각 단의 상관기 출력(decision statistic)에 영향을 줌으로써 다단 간섭제거기와 부분 다단 간섭제거기의 성능 개선을 감소시켰다. 그렇지만, 불완전 동기에도 불구하고 단(stage) 수를 증가시키면 두 간섭제거기 모두 강한 간섭제기능력을 보였다. 실제 시스템에서는 완벽한 칩 동기와 위상 동기 획득이 불가능하기 때문에 칩 동기 에러와 위상 에러에 대해서도 큰 폭의 성능 개선을 이룰 수 있고 구현상의 복잡도도 줄일 수 있는 간섭제거기가 필요하게 된다. 따라서 기존의 다단 간섭제거기와 거의 동일한 성능 개선을 달성하면서 구조가 간단하고 계산량이 적은 부분 다단 간섭제거기의 활용도가 높아질 것이 예상된다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2008

최근 이질적인 시스템 사이에서의 정보교환의 표준으로 널리 사용되는 XML을 사용하는 Publish/Subscribe 시스템의 스트리밍 XML 데이타 필터링 기법이 활발히 연구되었다. 스트리밍 XML 데이타 필터링 기법은 사용자가 등록한 질의에 대해서 신속한 질의-데이타 매칭을 목적으로 하기 때문에 효율적인 질의 처리 메커니즘이 요구된다. 현재까지 대부분의 연구는 질의 경로 표현식의 부분적인 공유를 꾀하거나 프레디킷을 효율적으로 처리함으로써 질의 처리의 시간적, 공간적 효율을 목적으로 하였다. 하지만 만약 질의간의 포함 관계를 알 수 있다면 질의 처리시에 가장 하위의 질의가 매칭되면 그 질의를 포함하고 있는 상위의 질의들은 별도의 처리 과정 없이 매칭됨을 알 수 있게 된다. 이러한 질의 포함 관계를 이용한 질의 처리 방식은 XML 스트리밍 데이타를 처리하는 또 하나의 효율적 방식이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 소수 인덱싱 기법과 목표 질의 노드 중심의 포함 관계 설정에 기반하여 효율적인 스트리밍 XML 데이타 필터링을 수행하는 새로운 방법을 소개한다. 그리고 몇 가지 실험을 통하여 기존 방법과의 비교 분석 및 효율성을 보인다. 비록 각각의 실험은 서로 다른 실험 요소에 대하여 수행되었지만, 모두 제안 방법이 기존의 방법보다 두 배 이상 더 나은 성능을 가짐을 보여 주었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 예인선배열에 수신되는 자함 소음을 제거하기 위한 소음 제거 기법을 제안한다. 자함 위치에 강인한 소음 기준 신호를 얻기 위하여 선배열의 일부 음향센서로 별도의 조향 빔을 형성한다. 이를 활용하여 Normalized Least Mean Square(NLMS) 적응 필터 기반의 주파수 영역 소음 제거 기법을 적용하였다. 생성한 기준신호와 입력 신호의 상관도를 이용하여 자함 소음 발생 방위를 산출하였으며, 해당 소음 방위로 입사된 소음의 빔패턴을 산출하였다. 소음 빔패턴을 이용해 자함 소음 준위를 추정하여 제거된 소음 성분이 추정 소음 준위를 초과하지 않도록 필터 갱신 여부를 결정함으로써 소음 제거 과정에서 표적신호가 소실되지 않도록 하였다. 모의신호를 이용한 실험을 통하여 동일한 방향에서 자함 기준 신호를 획득할 때 본 논문에서 제안한 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 자함 방위가 약 40 % 벗어나더라도 자함 소음 제거 성능이 유지됨을 확인하였으며, 자함 소음과 표적 소음의 주파수가 동일하게 수신될 경우에도 기존 기법과 달리 표적 신호를 탐지 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2018

Based on the shaking table tests of a 1:3.52 scale one-bay and one-story ancient wooden structure, a simplified structural mechanics model was established, and the structural state equation and observation equation were deduced. Under the action of seismic waves, the damage rule of initial stiffness and yield stiffness of the joint was obtained. The force hammer percussion test and finite element calculations were carried out, and the structural response was obtained. Considering the 5% noise disturbance in the laboratory environment, the stiffness parameters of the mortise-tenon joint were identified by the partial least squares of singular value decomposition (PLS-SVD) and the Extended Kalman filter (EKF) method. The results show that dynamic and static cohesion method, PLS-SVD, and EKF method can be used to identify the damage degree of structures, and the stiffness of the mortise-tenon joints under strong earthquakes is reduced step by step. Using the proposed model, the identified error of the initial stiffness is about 0.58%-1.28%, and the error of the yield stiffness is about 0.44%-1.21%. This method has high accuracy and good applicability for identifying the initial stiffness and yield stiffness of the joints. The identification method and research results can provide a reference for monitoring and evaluating actual engineering structures.