• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7781-7787
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• 2015

The purpose of This paper is to address the development on supply-demand outlook model of aqua-cultured korean Flatfish and introduces a projection of supply-demand and market prices during 2015-2017 using developed model. The supply-demand outlook model is composed as a partial equilibrium model of Korean Flat fish. Each equation in the model is estimated by the econometric techniques. A reviews of the demand-outlook model stability is also carried out by the references based on RMSPE. MAPE, and Theil's inequality coefficients. According to the reference of RMSPE, the error rates of the forecasting values of the aqua culture area, culturing quantity, production quantity, market price show less than 4%, The production quantity and farm price are predicted respectively to be 42,561MT and 10,191KW per kg in 2017.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2689-2694
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• 2014

This study analyze the impact of omija(maximowiczia chinensis) market by Korea-China FTA and review the change of mid and long term supply-demand from 2014 to 2018. A scenario is also imported to simulate and measure the impacts of the Korea-China FTA. The scenario is that tariff rates for Chinese product(omija) will be zero after 5 years from 2014. A partial equilibrium model of Omija is specified to forecast mid and long term supply-demand and prices. Equations in the model were estimated by using econometric techniques. The results based on scenario are compared with the results by the baseline case(maintenance of current situation). Our study show that when the tariff rates for Chinese product(Omija) will be zero after 5 years from 2014, the cultivated area of Omija is forecasted to decline until 3,370ha in 2018, and the consumption is forecasted to increase up to 12,040.8MT in 2018, and also total revenue of about 9.8 billion korean won will be decreased during 5 years(2014-2018).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.629-643
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of a policy by comparing and analyzing the impact of the rice market isolation system and production adjustment system (strategic crops direct payment system that induces the cultivation of other crops instead of rice) on rice supply, rice price, and government's financial expenditure. To achieve this purpose, a rice supply and demand forecasting and policy simulation model was developed in this study using a partial equilibrium model limited to a single item (rice), a dynamic equation model system, and a structural equation system that reflects the casual relationship between variables with economic theory. The rice policy analysis model used a recursive model and not a simultaneous equation model. The policy is distinct from that of previous studies, in which changes in government's policy affected the price of rice during harvest and the lean season before the next harvest, and price changes affected the supply and demand of rice according to the modeling, that is, a more specific policy effect analysis. The analysis showed that the market isolation system increased government's financial expenditure compared to the production adjustment system, suggesting low policy financial efficiency, low policy effectiveness on target, and increased harvest price. In particular, the market isolation system temporarily increased the price during harvest season but decreased the price during the lean season due to an increase in ending stock caused by increased production and government stock. Therefore, a decrease in price during the lean season may decrease annual farm-gate prices, and the reverse seasonal amplitude is expected to intensify.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 1994

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) filaments were treated in binary mixtures of organic solvents such as benzyl alcohol/perchloroethylene(BA/PER), benzyl alcohol/trichloroethylene(BA/TRI), benzyl alcohol/ethylene chloride(BA/EC), methanol/perchloroethylene (ME/PER), and methanol/trichloroethylene(ME/TRI). From the equilibrium swelling of PET, total and partial isotherms of PET for sorption of solvent mixtures and isotherms for distribution of the components between the phases were taken. Also the shrinkage and the crystallinity of PET treated with binary mixtures were investigated. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. All isotherms for distribution of the components between the phase deviated from the diagonal in system of PET-binary mixtures. Especially in the binary mixtures of ME/PER or ME/TRI, selectivo sorption of chlorinated hydrocarbon PER and TRI by PET occured. 2. The shrinkage of PET treated in binary mixrures was increased to compare with single solvent-treated, but the composition of binary mixtures corresponding to maximum values of shrinkage was not always agreed with the composition of binary mixtures corresponding to maximum values of shrinkage was not always agreed with the composition of binary mixtures exhibiting of the maximum swelling of PET. 3. The crystallinity of PET treated in binary mixtures generally increased than that of single solvent-treated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.179-184
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• 2005

Shear strength parameters obtained from filed survey are important factors in the analysis of slope stability. In this study, sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of input parameters on the analysis of slope stability. The input parameters selected for sensitivity analysis were slope angle, cohesion, and friction angle. Monte-Carlo Simulation method was used for calculating input parameters and the factor of safety was computed by means of limit equilibrium method. A rock slope, which has failed in the field, was used for the sensitivity analysis in the analysis of slope stability. The result of analysis shows that the factor of safety of the rock slope was a little low. From partial correlation coefficient(PPC) of input parameters determined from the sensitivity analysis, slope stability was dependant on cohesion and slope angle. The effect of friction angle was lower than that of cohesion and slope angle on slope stability.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-126
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• 2001

Functional values for wastewater treatment and atmospheric regulation in coastal wetland and rice paddy ecosystems are quantified, and an illustration is given on how to integrate biophysical parameters into a valuation framework. This is one of most controversial issues in economic analysis for wetland preservation versus wetland conversion to agricultural use. This paper includes theoretical considerations for estimating functional values of environmental ecosystems, and the integration of biophysical data and replacement cost method employed. Specific physical and geographical characteristics and data on ecosystem functions and services in coastal wetlands and rice paddies are addressed for evaluating their values in economic terms. In particular this paper indicates double counting problems and overestimation in the previous studies, and demonstrates how to avoid them and to maintain the consistency of valuation process involving a least-cost method, thus enables an accurate integration of the coastal wetland ecology and wetland economics. As a result which is far away from the previous studies, the total economic present value of wastewater assimilation by coastal wetland is estimated at 7,484,640 won/ha, and the net present value of positive effect for atmospheric regulation, negative effects for air pollution and water pollution by rice paddy is estimated at -37,934 won/ha, assuming that resources are infinitely long-lived and the annual value and the rate of discount (10%) is constant every year. In conclusion, for further reliability and validity of functional values for natural resources it is very noteworthy that a general equilibrium framework that could directly incorporate the interdependence between ecosystem functions and services would be preferred to the partial equilibrium framework.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 1992

An applicability microencapsulation, using electroless copper plating, of hydrogen storage alloy powder as an anode material for nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries was investigated. Alloys employed were $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$ and $MmNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$(Mm=mischmetal) which have an appropriate equilibrium pressure and capacity. The microencapsulation of the alloy powder was found to accelerate initial activation of electrodes and to increase capacity which is about 285mAh/g for $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$. In addition, other charge and discharge characteristics, such as polarization and flatness of charge and discharge potential, were improved due to the role of copper layer as a microcurrent collector and an oxidation barrier of the alloy powder. $MmNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$ alloy showed lower capacity than $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$ because of higher equilibrium pressure. Cyclic characteristics of both alloys were somewhat poor because of mainly shedding and partial oxidation of alloy powder during the cycling. However, it was considered that the microencapsulation method is effective to improve the performances of the hydrogen storage alloy electrodes.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.789-817
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• 2004

This paper deals with the modal analysis of rotational shell structures by means of the numerical solution technique known as the Generalized Differential Quadrature (G. D. Q.) method. The treatment is conducted within the Reissner first order shear deformation theory (F. S. D. T.) for linearly elastic isotropic shells. Starting from a non-linear formulation, the compatibility equations via Principle of Virtual Works are obtained, for the general shell structure, given the internal equilibrium equations in terms of stress resultants and couples. These equations are subsequently linearized and specialized for the rotational geometry, expanding all problem variables in a partial Fourier series, with respect to the longitudinal coordinate. The procedure leads to the fundamental system of dynamic equilibrium equations in terms of the reference surface kinematic harmonic components. Finally, a one-dimensional problem, by means of a set of five ordinary differential equations, in which the only spatial coordinate appearing is the one along meridians, is obtained. This can be conveniently solved using an appropriate G. D. Q. method in meridional direction, yielding accurate results with an extremely low computational cost and not using the so-called "delta-point" technique.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.84-104
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper explains why free trade agreements (FTAs) are more popular than customs unions (CUs) in respect of tariff coordination. Design/methodology - This paper employs an equilibrium theory of trade agreements with tariff coordination. I set up three-country partial equilibrium model with competing exporters. Domestic and exporting firms decide their optimal production under given tariffs and each country levies its tariff under the trade agreements. I found stability of implicit tariff coordination and preference of each country between an FTA and a CU. Findings - I demonstrate that two FTA members can keep their external tariffs higher than separately decided external tariffs by keeping the status-quo. This implicit tariff coordination can benefit each member through trade diversion. In a CU, each member country must have a common optimal external tariff and it must incur costs because each country may seek different external tariffs for their own national welfare. The benefit of implicit coordination in an FTA and the cost of explicit coordination in a CU account for the popularity of the FTA. Originality/value - This paper uses the idea of implicit tariff coordination in trade agreements. In a CU, tariff coordination is explicit and mandatory. All member countries must have a single common external tariff for each good. On the other hand, in an FTA, each country establishes its external tariff with the goal of maximizing its own welfare. However, each country can also coordinate "implicitly" by keeping the status-quo after establishing an FTA.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.305-330
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• 2022

This article aims to investigate the static deflection and stress analysis of bi-directional functionally graded porous plate (BDFGPP) modeled by unified higher order kinematic theories to include the shear stress effects, which not be considered before. Different shear functions are described according to higher order models that satisfy the zero-shear influence at the top and bottom surfaces, and hence refrain from the need of shear correction factor. The material properties are graded through two spatial directions (i.e., thickness and length directions) according to the power law distribution. The porosities and voids inside the material constituent are described by different cosine functions. Hamilton's principle is implemented to derive the governing equilibrium equation of bi-directional FG porous plate structures. An efficient numerical differential integral quadrature method (DIQM) is exploited to solve the coupled variable coefficients partial differential equations of equilibrium. Problem validation and verification have been proven with previous prestigious work. Numerical results are illustrated to present the significant impacts of kinematic shear relations, gradation indices through thickness and length, porosity type, and boundary conditions on the static deflection and stress distribution of BDFGP plate. The proposed model is efficient in design and analysis of many applications used in nuclear, mechanical, aerospace, naval, dental, and medical fields.