• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.849-855
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• 1994

Actively growin Excherichia coli(KCTC 1039) cells were treated with paraquat (1, 1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridili-um dichloride) by cultivating them in the presence of 1.0mM paraquat. The treatment was carried out with or without shaking to understand the effect of oxygen on paraquat action to thebacterial superoxide dismutase (SOd). By the treatment with vigorous shaking , population growth of the organism almostly stopped and specific activities of SOD of the cells drastically decreased. On contrast ot it, the herbicide showed only l limited inhibitory action on bacterial growth and SOD activity by stationary treatment. Proteins prepared from parquat-treated cells divided into two peaks by Sephacryl column chormatogrpahy, while proteins from the intact cells formed a single peak. Cytoplasmic proteins and plasma membrane proteins of intact cells formed separated three peaks by Sephadex G-75 column chormatography. respectively. Among them the second peak disappeared by paraquat treatment , while the third peak became more apparent. Fractions from the first and the third peak showed SOD activity. Paraquat was detected from the same fractions.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

The anti-oxidative effects of Korean red ginseng extracts (total saponine, water extracts, alcohol extracts, lipophilic extracts), which were administered with the concentration of 200 mg/kg BW, were investigated after the injection of paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyrimidinium dichloride: PQ) with dosage of 100 mg/kg BW on the peritoneal cavity to 6 weeks of 23~26 gm ICR male mice. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) on the liver of mouse was lowered only in alcohol extract-treated group (p<0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in the mouse treated with lipophilic ginseng extracts. And GSSG level was lowered in all groups, and this might be due to the paraquat ions that might prevent the reaction of GSSG into GSH. But we cannot find any relation between glutathione oxide-reductase activity on Korean ginseng extracts. Finally, the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was lowest (p<0.01) in the group of mouse treated with water extracts of ginseng.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2007

All accessions of Rehmannia glutinosa show the unique characteristic of intrinsic tolerance to paraquat. The higher level of endogenous superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and its increase upon paraquat treatment indicated the involvement of SOD in the tolerance mechanism to paraquat in R. glutinosa. In this study, we examined the isoform-specific response of SOD to oxidative stresses and hormones. Six SOD isoforms were found in the leaf, and they were identified as two MnSODs(named MnSOD I and MnSOD II, in order of increasing mobility), one FeSOD and three Cu/ZnSODs(named Cu/ZnSOD I, Cu/ZnSOD II, and Cu/ZnSOD III, in order of increasing mobility). MnSOD I, MnSOD II, FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD I, Cu/ZnSOD II, and Cu/ZnSOD III, contributed to 4, 11, 7, 15, 30, and 32% of the total SOD activity, respectively. Total SOD activity levels in the leaf were increased by 4, 24, and 21% by paraquat, salicylic acid(SA), and yeast extract(YE), respectively, but little by ethephon. Six SOD isoforms responded differentially to these stresses and hormones. The activities of all the isoforms were increased by YE and SA except that of MnSOD I which was decreased by SA. The activities of MnSOD I, FeSOD, and CuZnSOD I were increased by paraquat. These results suggest that amelioration of oxidative stresses by SOD is fine-tuned by the differential expression of isoforms in R. glutinosa.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.325-333
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• 1992

Background and Methods: To study the effects of corticosteroid (CS) on the parquat (PQ) induced lung injury, serial cellular analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were done with simultaneous histopathologic examination after intraperitoneal injection of PQ on the rats. The sacrificed animals were divided into three groups; control group, PQ group received intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg of PQ, and CS group received daily injection of Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (20 mg/kg) in addition to PQ. Results: 1) Cellular analyses of BAL fluid: The total cell count in the BAL fluid were increased gradually from 6 hours after PQ administration (p<0.05), and was decreased at 3 days after (p<0.05). These changes were mainly due to the effects of PQ on the neutrophil influx (p<0.05). But, the number of macrophage and the percentage of lymphocyte in total cells showed little changes. The CS administration showed the suppression of neutrophil influx in the BAL fluid (p<0.05), but could not show any significant effect on the number of macrophage and lymphocyte. 2) Histopathologic examination: In the PQ group, inflammatory changes especially with prominant neutrophil infiltration were gradually progressed over time. Those changes were found in both alveolar space and interstitium with resultant alveolar structural changes, but subsided from 3 days after. CS suppressed inflammatory changes in the alvolar space and interstitium, especially with decreased infiltration of neutrophil. Conclusion: CS suppressed neutrophil infiltration in the acute lung injury induced by PQ, those findings were ascertained by serial cellular analyses of BAL fluid and histopathologic examination.