• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Surgical approaches to the condylar neck and subcondyle area can cause some morbidity such as, facial nerve injury, time-consuming nature and external scar etc. So many surgeons hesitate using open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of subcondylar fractures. We report open reduction and internal fixation of subcondylar fractures in 13 adult patients via transmasseteric approach. Methods: From 2007 to 2009, 13 adults with subcondylar fracture of mandible were treated with open reduction and internal fixation via transmasseteric approach. A preauricular incision was extended downwards in a curvilinear fashion in the cervicomastoid skin crease. Skin flap was elevated above the SMAS layer. Masseter muscle was splitted at the anteroinferior edge of the parotid gland. After the fracture was reduced, fixed with appropriate plates and screws. All operation were performed under general anesthesia. Results: Mean follow-up period was 13.3 months. There were no signs and symptoms of facial nerve injury, difficulty in mouth opening, or malocclusion. Dissection time was roughly within 30 minutes. Conclusion: Transmasseteric open reduction and internal fixation of mandible subcondylar fracture can be performed with excellent visualization, and inconspicuous scar. It also offers swift access to the subcondylar area while substatially reducing the risk to the facial nerve and eliminating the complications associated with transparotid approaches.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.97-100
• /
• 1997

We treated a 56 year old male ailing of painful herpetic eruption on his 2nd, 3rd and 4th left cervical spinal segment. On the 18th day, patient also suffered an abrupt left facial palsy, accompanied with ongoing postherpetic neuralgia even though the skin eruption had been cured. This patient visited our pain clinic on his 46th day of illness and was teated with continuous cervical epidural block for 9 days, and stellate ganglion block plus oral analgesics and antidepressant for 12 days. The combination of treatments resulted in marked improvement of facial palsy and postherpetic neuralgia. A possible explanation of facial palsy accompanied with herpes zoster on cervical spinal segment could be related to Hunt's hypothesis that geniculate ganglion forms a chain connecting the high cervical ganglion below. Another possibility may be related to a compression injury of the facial nerve by long-term severe edema on the soft tissue of the face, the periauricular area and parotid gland around the facial nerve, and edema on the facial nerve itself emerging out from the cranium.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Bufalin is one of the bioactive component of 'Sum Su (蟾酥)', which is obtained from the skin and parotid venom gland of toad. Bufalin has been known to possess the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in various cancer cells. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has concerned, because it can selectively induce apoptotic cell death in many types of malignant cells, while it is relatively non-toxic to normal cells. Here, we investigated whether bufalin can trigger TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death in EJ human bladder cancer cells. Methods : Effects on the cell viability and apoptotic activity were quantified using MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. To investigate the morphological change of nucleus, DAPI staining was performed. Protein expressions were measured by immunoblotting. Results : A combined treatment with bufalin (10 nM) and TRAIL (50 ng/ml) significantly promoted TRAIL-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in EJ cells. The apoptotic effects were associated with the up-regulation of death receptor proteins, and the down-regulation of cFLIP and XIAP. Moreover, our data showed that bufalin and TRAIL combination activated caspases and subsequently increased degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Conclusions : Taken altogether, the nontoxic doses of bufalin sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in EJ cells. Therefore, bufalin might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the safe treatment of TRAIL-resistant bladder cancers.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.97-100
• /
• 2008

Warthin's tumor is a benign neoplasm that most frequently occurs in the parotid gland. Warthin's tumor shows a tendency of bilateral occurrence, but most of bilateral tumors occur at different time. It usually affects older man and grows slowly. Surgical excision is appropriate treatment for patients with Warthin's tumor and rarely recurs after removal. We report a rare case of bilateral Warthin's tumor which detected at the same time. A 54-year-old man had painless, slowly growing masses on the both mandibular angles. The masses were detected ten years ago. CT scan, ultrasonographic evaluation and fine needle biopsy was performed for preoperative diagnostic study. Superficial parotidectomy was done one after the other at ten-day intervals. After excision, histological examination revealed a mixture of ductal epithelium and a lymphoid stroma. The overlying surface of lymphoid tissue was covered with epithelial cells that was abundant of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Both masses were diagnosed as Warthin's tumor. Postoperatively, the patient did well and had no evidence of recurrence of tumor for 2 years follow-up period. Authors experienced a rare case of bilateral Warthin's tumor which detected at the same time. We recommend stepwise superficial parotidectomy at one or two-week intervals as treatment of bilateral Warthin's tumor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the rates of complications, morbidity, and safety with the transparotid approach. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted and consisted of 53 surgically treated patients in the past five years for low condylar neck and subcondylar fractures. Only patients with malocclusion and who underwent open reduction with internal fixation with the retromandibular transparotid approach were included. The examined parameters were postoperative suboptimal occlusion, deflection, saliva fistula, and facial nerve weakness. Results: Fifty-three patients had an open reduction with internal fixation on 55 sides (41 males, 77.4%; mean age, 42 years [range, 18-72 years]). Four patients (7.5%) experienced transient facial nerve weakness of the marginal mandibular branch, but none was permanent. Four patients had a salivary fistula, and 5 patients showed postoperative malocclusion, where one needed repeat surgery after one year. One patient showed long-term deflection. No other complications were observed. Conclusion: The retromandibular transparotid approach is a safe procedure for open reduction and internal fixation of low condylar neck and subcondylar fractures, and it has minimal complications.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.386-389
• /
• 2001

An endobronchial metastasis is defined as a subsegmental or a more proximal central bronchial metastasis of a nonpulmonary neoplasm in the bronchoscopically visible range. However, the frequencies of endobronchial metastasis range from 2 to 50% of pulmonary metastases from extrathoracic neoplasms by a different definition of an endobronchial metastasis. Primary neoplasms of an endobronchial metastasis including breast cancer, colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and ovarian cancer are relatively common. However, an endobronchial metastasis arising from thyroid cancer, parotid gland tumor, bone tumor, bladder cancer, and stomach cancer has only rarely been reported in the literature. Here we report a case of an endobrochial metastases from a hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.83-87
• /
• 2008

Accessory cervical thymic tissue has been rarely reported. However, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of neck masses in children, along with branchial anomalies, lymph nodes and other tumors. This lesion occurs along the descending line of the thymus between the angle of mandible and superior mediastinum. A 2-month-old infant presented with an asymptomatic left sided neck mass. MRI revealed a well defined homogeneous mass in the deep lobe of left parotid gland. At operation, an easily identified soft tissue mass was found in the left submandibular area, measuring $3{\times}1.5cm$. It was completely excised. Microscopic examination revealed normal thymic tissue.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 1996

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas, first reported by Volkman(1895), form 6% to 9% of all salivary tumors. Two thirds affecting the parotid gland and the remaining third, the minor glands. As we could know from its name, mucoepidermoid carcinomas originate from ductal epithelium including squamous, mucous-secreting, and undifferentiated intermediate cells. Histologically, it is classified as well-differentiated (low grade), moderately-differentiated(intermediate grade), and poorly-differentiated (high grade) types and the treatment method and prognosis are influenced from its histological grade. We have experienced two cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma treated surgically with good results and now would like to report these with review of literatures.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.63-66
• /
• 2003

Branchial cleft cysts typically are characterized as lateral swellings anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle in upper third of the neck. However, cysts have been reported in unusual location such as the thymus, oral cavity, parotid gland, pancreas, and thyroid. Perithyroidal branchial cleft cysts are also rare and preoperative diagnosis is very difficult. Recently we have experienced a case of intrathyroidal branchial cleft cys and a case of perithyroidal branchial cleft cyst, which were diagnosed preoperatively as the parathyroid cyst. So, we report these two cases with review of the literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Medical Association
• /
• v.61 no.12
• /
• pp.715-723
• /
• 2018

Facial soft tissue injury due to trauma is common. Severe damage of soft tissue causes functional and cosmetic problems. In the initial evaluation of patients with facial trauma, airway maintenance and respiratory maintenance are the most important. The principles of treatment include adequate irrigation and debridement, primary closure, or secondary wound healing. Postoperative care such as taping, silicone gel sheeting, and sun screening is important to prevent scarring. The scalp and forehead are abundant in blood and can cause severe bleeding. The eyelid is very thin and has a multi-layered structure, requiring accurate suturing and reconstruction of the layers. It is advisable to determine the presence of hematoma in the ear and treat it. When the cheek area is damaged, it is necessary to identify and treat the damage of the parotid gland and the facial nerve branch. The lips should be sewn with the white roll of lip and vermillion.