• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2021

In this paper, for efficient parking control, in an Arduino environment, an intelligent parking control prototype was implemented to provide parking control and parking guidance information using HC-SR2O4 and RC522. The main elements of intelligent parking control are vehicle recognition sensors, parking control facilities, and integrated operating software. Whether the vehicle is parked on the parking surface may be confirmed through sensor or intelligent camera image analysis. Parking control equipment products include parking guidance and parking available display devices, vehicle number recognition cameras, and intelligent parking assistance systems. This paper applies and implements ultrasonic sensors and RFID concepts based on Arduino, recognizes registered vehicles, and displays empty spaces. When a vehicle enters a parking space to handle this function, the automatic parking management system distinguishes the registered vehicle from the external vehicle through the RC522 sensor. In addition, after checking whether the parking slot is empty, the HC-SR204 sensor is displayed through the LED so that the driver can visually check it. RFID is designed to check the parking status of the server in real time and provide the driver with optimal route service to the parking slot.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2016

This research is conducted to develop an automatic steering system for parallel parking, and the performance of the system was evaluated by parallel parking a conventional vehicle. The automatic steering system consisted of MDPS (motor driven power steering) to control steering, ESC (electronic stability control) to acquire wheel speed, ultrasonic sensors to recognize the parking space, and a controller to communicate and handle data. The parallel parking process using the automatic steering control consisted of parking space recognition, parking path generation, and parking path tracking. The path for parallel parking was generated based on a kinematic model of a conventional vehicle, and a PI controller was used to control the steering angle for path tracking. Parallel parking using the automatic steering control was conducted according to vehicle speed conditions. The results show that the errors on the x-axis and y-axis were below 0.54 m and 0.14 m, respectively, and the error on the steering angle was less than $1^{\circ}$. Therefore, it is possible to implement parallel parking using an automatic steering control system for conventional vehicles.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2012

The unified lateral control algorithm for automatic valet parking for various types of vehicles is presented and its feasibility is shown experimentally via field tests for the given parking scenario. First, a trajectory generation algorithm for forward driving and backward multi-step parking maneuvers is developed. Then, with consideration of different types of vehicles and operating conditions, a kinematic vehicle model is used and validated using field test data. Using the nonlinear vehicle model, the lateral controller is designed based on dynamic surface control. Finally the proposed lateral control law is validated via hardware-in-the-loop simulations for different types of vehicles and experimentally using a test vehicle through field tests.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2008

최근 GPS를 이용한 경로 안내 시스템은 폭넓게 이용되고 있다. 그리고 대형 상가 밀집 지역의 주차관리 시스템에는 주로 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)를 이 용하여 주차장 상황을 관리하고 있다. 그렇지만 RFID 태그만을 부착한 차량이 여러 개의 주차장이 산재한 중소상가 밀집 상권으로 진입했을 경우, 실시간 주차장 상황 정보를 이용한 최적의 주차 경로 안내 시스템이 없으며, GPS만을 이용한 경로 안내 시스템은 실시간 주차 현황 정보를 이용할 수 없다. 이 논문에서는 상권 내에 여러 개의 주차장을 통합하는 주차 관제를 위한 MD 태그 객체의 위치 인식 기법을 제안하고, 데이터베이스와 연동하여 주차를 위한 최적의 경로 안내 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 위치 인식 기법은 미들웨어에서 태그의 판독 순서 및 안테나 번호로 추출하며, 데이터베이스와 연동하여 태그의 방향성 또한 인식함으로써 항상 최적의 주차 경로를 검색하도록 한다. RFID 태그, 리더, 미들웨어, 서버, 주차장 클라이언트, 모바일 클라이언트로 구성된 구현 시스템 결과는 제안한 기법이 원활이 동작함을 보이며, 진보된 통합 주차 관제 시스템에서 유용하게 사용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

A trailer truck is a major equipment for transporting containers, and its driving is difficult due to two degrees of freedom which exist in the joint part between truck and trailer. Especially Backing a trailer truck to a parking home is a difficult exercise for all but the most skilled truck drivers. Normal driving instincts lead to erroneous movements. When watching a truck driver backing toward a parking home, one often observes the driver backing, going forward, backing again, going forward, etc., and finally backing to the desired position along the parking home. This paper discusses the design of the controller to control the steering of a trailer truck while only backing up to a parking home from an initial position. In this paper, we propose a backing up control system for a container trailer truck using fuzzy theory where the primitive fuzzy control rules are macroscopically designed using an expert's knowledge, and the control rules are regulated by LIBL(Linguistic Instruction Based Learning) to enable to back up successfully the trailer tuck to a parking home from arbitrary initial position. The validity of the proposed parking control system is shown by applying it to some initial positions on the simulator for container trailer truck.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

The system proposed in this paper is a fully automated parking control system that can even protect users' information through blockchain. Unlike conventional parking control systems, the system consists of a web page that is accessible to people of all ages and ages, directly to the parking lot. Such a system would also benefit managers in the parking lot business. This is because it can reduce soaring labor costs and maximize the sales it can generate by operating 24 hours a day. In order to implement these systems, the web page was first designed using HTML and the API was configured using JAX-RS to invoke the API required by the web page. As a result, it created a web page that was easily accessible to anyone, built a server that could be accessed by more than 200 people at the same time, focused on personal information protection by encrypting the information of users through blockchain grafts, and designed a system that enabled users to complete payments easily. It is planning to add QR codes and GPS functions in the future and implement a function that allows one-touch information on parking lots and their vehicle information.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2015

This paper proposes an auto-parking controller for omnidirectional mobile robots. The controller uses the multi-sensor system including ultrasonic sensor and camera. The several ultrasonic sensors of robot detect the distance between robot and each wall of the parking lot. The camera detects the global position of robot by capturing the image of artificial landmarks. To improve the accuracy of position estimation, we applied the extended Kalman filter with adaptive fuzzy controller. Also we developed the fuzzy control system to reduce the settling time of parking. The experimental results are presented to verify the usefulness of the proposed controller.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.15-35
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• 1986

As the population of persons and automobiles rapidly grows, parking problems also grow in large cities of Korea. The purpose of this paper is to first grasp the status of parking facilities and characteristics in large cities of Korea; and introduce new directions of CBD parking policies in north America cities: and finally recommend the adequate parking management strategies and tactics for improving parking problems in Korea. For this purpose, field survey for parking inventories, patrol survey for parking usage as observed demand and drive interview survey for parking behavior were conducted. Compared with the parking characteristics and polices of foreign cities, many differences of characteristics were found, and existing parking management policies, which should be improved, were identified. Five categories of parking management strategies were set on; a) Reasonable control of CBD parking demand, b) securing of the public parking facilities c) Promotion of privately operated parking facilities d) expansion of financial resources for parking facilities construction and e) Improvement of existing parking management system. And actural seventeen tactics to attain the above strategies were recommended.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.887-890
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• 2007

상권 내에 존재하는 여러 개의 주차장을 통합 관리하는 시스템에서는 주차장의 실시간 현황 및 접근 경로를 변화 등과 같은 다양한 실시간 제약 조건을 고려한 최근접 주차장에 대한 경로 안내가 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 실시간 제약 조건을 고려한 통합 주차관제 시스템의 최적 경로 탐색 기법을 제안 하고자 한다. 구체적으로 고객이 지정한 주차장의 여러 가지 상황(주차거부, 휴업, 공사 중, 도로 통행 금지 등)을 고려한 인접 지역의 경로 재탐색 방법을 상황별로 알아보고, 각 상황에 맞는 최적의 주차장 접근 경로 탐색 기법을 자세히 다룬다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.116-127
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 과도 상태 성능 향상이 있는 PLC와 인버터의 동시 제어기법을 제안한다. 기존 기계식 주차설비에서는 PLC만을 활용한 제어 방식이어서 유도전동기에 과전류를 발생시킬 확률이 높고, 브레이크 패드에 마찰로 인한 마모와 손상으로 승차감이 낮아지고, 수명이 단축된다. 이를 개선하기 위해서 PLC와 인버터의 동시 제어를 통한 제어 기법을 적용한 경우 유도전동기에 과전류를 방지하며 브레이크 패드를 보호하고, 승차감 향상, 제어성 상승과 안전성을 확보한다. 제안한 PLC와 인버터의 동시 제어를 통한 제어 방식을 기계식 주차설비에 적용하여 그 타당성을 검증한다.