• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.223-229
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• 2001

The Uminonakamichi Seaside Park is located in Fukuoka and extends over an area of 540 ha. This Park is directly developed and managed mainly by the national government for its use for recreational facilities serving a wide area. It is planned and developed as an urban resort-type park, exploiting the rich natural environment of the area, to serve urban residents in northern Kyushu. The management of the Park is jointly conducted by nine bodies, including the national government and private enterprises. The Park has several functions, ranging form an urban resort to conservation of the natural environment and education. The Park has so far been positively evaluated by its visitors. However, the social background for the Park is changing and the park is now facing changing needs for this type of park, necessitating coordination with the development around the Park and a need to respond to the recent fiscal structural reform. Further improvement of the visitor services and the reconfirmation of the government's role in the development work are essential for the maintenance and enhancement of that attractions of this Park in the coming years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 1999

This research was planned to propose some suggestions on the management of stream water quality in the closed valley areas of the Puk'ansan National Park during July 1998 to June 1999. A closed valley area should designate whole valley area. Stream water quality monitoring should include investigation on cations ($Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$), anions ($Cl^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$) and suspended solids. A counterplan for stream water preservation and its practical application should be considered before closing a valley area. Also, the results of stream water quality in the closed valley areas in the National Park should be informed to the public. Discharged water from private areas such as a Buddhist temple, shelter, resting place, shopping center, etc. in the National Park should be checked and cleaned. We need to establish regulations on the utilization of stream side area in the park, and trails near the closed valley should also be included in the areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.60-70
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• 2007

Green space infrastructures for three cities, Gwacheon, Uiwang, and Hanam, were analyzed in terms of the area of urban parks per capita, the percentage of green space area, the area of green space per capita, and the percentage of vegetation cover in residential area, etc., which are commonly used as criteria for urban green space planning. The differences in green space infrastructure among these three cities were compared to the satisfaction level of residents for their green space. The area of parks per capita corresponded to the satisfaction level when Seoul Great Park in Gwacheon and Misa Park in Hanam were not included. Although these two huge parks accounted more than 90% of the area of urban parks in Gwacheon and Hanam, they serve more people from outside the cities and not likely visited by residents due to lacking of daily accessibility. The percentage of vegetation cover in residential area were considered to affect the satisfaction of residents for green space, whereas the total area of green space or the percentage of green space area in the cities was not related to the satisfaction level. It suggests that the distributions and accessibilities of green space and park service are more important for satisfaction than total green space area indicating urban sustainability.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2015

This study was performed to provide important basic data for the preservation and management of Scopura laminata, a species endemic to Korea, by elucidating the spatial characteristics of its present, potential, and future distribution areas. Currently, this species is found in the Odaesan National Park area of South Korea and has been known to be restricted in its habitat due to its poor mobility, as even fully grown insects do not have wings. Utilizing the MaxEnt model, 20 collection points around Odaesan National Park were assessed to analyze and predict spatial distribution characteristics. The precision of the MaxEnt model was excellent, with an AUC value of 0.833. Variables affecting the potential distribution area of S. laminata by more than 10% included the range of annual temperature, seasonality of precipitation, and precipitation of the driest quarter, in order of greatest to least impact. Compared to the current potential distribution area, no significant difference in the overall habitable area was predicted for the 2050s or 2070s. It was, however, demonstrated that the potential habitable area would be reduced in the 2050s by up to 270.3 km from the current area of 403.9 km; further, no potential habitable area was anticipated by the 2070s according to our predictive model. Taken together, it is anticipated that this endemic species could be significantly affected by climate changes, and hence effective countermeasures are strongly warranted for the preservation of habitats and species management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.45-62
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• 2020

This study is to present the basic data for the conservation and management of natural resources of National Park by understanding the ecological characteristics of special protected areas located in Tohamsan District, Gyeongju National Park, South Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 106 taxa including 47 families, 79 genera, 96 species, 1 subspecies, 7 varieties and 2 forms. For status by sites, there were 59, 50 and 55 taxa in A area(Pedicularis ishidoyana), B area(Millettia japonica) and C area(Cypripedium macranthos), respectively. In the dominant species, the tree layer was Quercus serrata(A area), Platycarya strobilacea and Pinus koraiensis(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla(C area), the subtree layer was Carpinus cordata and Quercus serrata(A area), Pinus koraiensis and Castanea crenata(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla(C area), the 1^st shrub layer was Toxicodendron trichocarpum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii(A area), Lindera erythrocarpa and Styrax japonicus(B area) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Lindera erythrocarpa(C area), 2^nd shrub layer was Styrax obassis and Lespedeza maximowiczii(A area), Lespedeza maximowiczii and Rhododendron mucronulatum(B area) and Lindera erythrocarpa(C area), the herbaceous layer was Athyrium yokoscense, Dryopteris chinensis, Dryopteris lacera and Lindera obtusiloba(A area), Athyrium yokoscense, Millettia japonica, Carex humilis Leyss. var. nana and Carex ciliato-marginata(B area) and Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. subsp. serrata, Ajuga spectabilis and Oplismenus undulatifolius(C area).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 2018

The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of zone adjustment by comparing the changes from 2011 to 2018 of social and environmental factors such as the special-purpose area, actual construction activities including building development, land use environment, and officially assessed individual land price in the areas released from the National Park Zone during the second National Park Zone adjustment during 2010 to 2011 with the social and environmental factors in the areas that remained in the National Park Zone during the same period. We intended to investigate the problems of the second National Park Zone adjustment and explore alternative implications for the third National Park Zone adjustment. As for the special-purpose area, 80.4% of the released areas were converted to planned, production, and conservation area while 15.6% changed to the agricultural area, and 4.0% remained as the natural environmental conservation area. Regarding the change in building development scale, the average size of construction in the released area since 2011 was $106m^2$ while that in the retained areas was $91m^2$. For the land use environment, the rate of change from the natural area to developed area was 1.9% in the released area and 0.7% in the retained area. The officially assessed individual land price increased by 11,911 won in the released area and 4,413 won in the retained area. Although both areas showed an increase in the land price, the difference of officially assessed individual land prices was about 2.5 times. The problem concerning the private property rights of local residents in the national parks is still a challenge, but the second National Park Zone adjustment has resolved the problem significantly. Accordingly, it is necessary to offer the benefits for the residents in the national park area by analyzing the park zoning and park facility planning to present the rational alternative. It is also necessary to establish a support system that encourages the collaborative cooperation between the park authority and residents and assures that the residents to have pride in the national park.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.264-264
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• 2018

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2007

The paper aims to highlight residents' preference of park close to industrial area in Seo-gu, Daegu City. Questionnaire survey was the main research method for the study from June to August last year. There were 2 survey questionnaires, one is for satisfaction degree regarding residents' general park use and the other is especially for vest-pocket use. For the research, 150 questionnaires were surveyed for each park users(total 300 questionnaires) and 270 questionnaires are used for the statistical analysis. The analysis showed that small vest pocket sized park was the proper model for close to industrial area. The majority residents preferred small park close to a residential area, also 77% of residents who use vest-pocket park replied that they live within 10 minute walking distance from there. In the case of Seo-gu, there were several small vest pocket sized parks which can satisfy the residents' preference. Therefore the plan which utilize them positively is necessary.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.11
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• pp.1641-1646
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• 2017

This paper presents a fast method to identify an area of severity which is a network area leading to voltage sags at multiple sensitive load points, simultaneously. To assess voltage sag performance considering various sensitive loads, it is need to determine an area of severity for the load points. The area of severity can be calculated by overlapping areas of vulnerability for each sensitive load. However, as the number of sensitive loads increases, computational complexity and time for determining an area of severity are highly increased. In this paper, an efficient scheme based on line division is described. The proposed method is useful for identifying an area of severity and assessing voltage sag performance considering multiple loads together.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.89-97
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• 2002

This report describes the first prize design of Midongsan Eco-park, which is located in Chungcheongbuk-do (North Chungcheong) province. Criteria of the winning design are as follows: 1) The design should include a neighborhood park as well as a portion of a green zone, in order to harmonize the area ecosystem, gradually assimilate the surroundings, and serve as an education tool for the public. 2) According to an analysis of area maps and a site-inspection, a preserved area, a buffer area, a restored area, and a developed area should be developed. In the buffer and restored areas, major facilities and activity spaces should be set up. 3) Observation trails should be accessible to visitors, and a variety of adventure programs should be available. 4) The eco-park should be designed to provide a habitat for the Gorani (Chinese water deer) which used to live around Midongsan. 5) For sensuous and vivid visitor experiences, diverse programs are to be designed to accommodate different seasons, visitor ages, and required time. Environment and eco-education are to be emphasized to maximize the effect of the eco-programs. 6) Optimal activities for visitors of different ages, optimal time intervals and eco-programs by age are also suggested. 7) Facilities are zoned into three sections according to level of development. Each section has a main area and supplementary areas for better understanding. 8) Nature-friendly arrangement of facilities and construction should minimize earthwork and adverse effects on the local ecology. Throughout the planning, the following things were learned: longer-term analysis including all season's observation is essential; planning, designing, bui Iding and managing should be based on this careful, extended observation. The contest should have taken plate over a longer period of time in order enable more detailed planing of the eco-park For improved management and activities, a volunteer system in linked with schools eco-institutions and NGOs should be developed with eco-interpreters.